微观交通仿真及其应用 初连禹 [email protected] 加州创新交通研究中心...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
Microscopic simulation a software tool to model traffic system, including roads,
drivers, and vehicles, in fine details. models: AIMSUN, CORSIM, MITSIM, PARAMICS,
VISSIM… Why simulation?
Can capture detailed traffic flow dynamics Can be calibrated to reproduce real world scenarios Can provide a visualization tool to evaluate traffic
management and operational strategies answer “what if” questions
Applications
Online/off-line applications
Evaluate traffic management and operational improvements
Model and Evaluate ITSCalibrate / optimize operational
parameters of ITS strategiesDevelop / test new models, algorithms,
control strategies
Paramics model
PARAMICS: PARAllel MICroscopic Simulation a suite of software tools for micro traffic simulation, including:
Modeller, Analyzer, Processor, Estimator, Programmer developer: Quadstone, Scotland
Features large network simulation capability modeling the emerging ITS infrastructures OD estimation tool Application Programming Interfaces (API)
access core models of the micro-simulator customize and extend many features of Paramics model complex ITS strategies complement missing functionalities of the current model
How to model ITS:Application Programming Interfaces
User
Developer
Output Interface
Input Interface
GUI Tools
Professional Community Oversight
Core Model API
function calls:vehicle related..
link related..and others
user-definedprograms
Main simulation loop PluginsAPI
data
Other applications
/APIs
functions
PARAMICS API
Provided API Library
Developed API Library
Advanced Algorithms
Adaptive Signal Control
Adaptive Ramp Metering
Dynamic Network Loading
ATMIS Modules
Data Handling
Routing
Ramp
Signal
CORBA
Databases
Demand
XML
PARAMICS Plug-in Development
Vissim vs Paramics
Paramics is better in following aspects: Large-scale network modeling Faster simulation speed API OD estimation tool Conversion tool
Vissim excels in Car-following model Easy learning Vissum, as planning model
Data needs
CoverageAccuracyData processing
Model Calibration
Model needs to be calibrated before applications Capacity calibration OD Estimation Route choice calibration Bottleneck calibration
Proposed calibration targets
Flow Within 25%-75% percentile Due to traffic congestion, variation
Speed contours Three levels of targets
Visual assessment Match Bottleneck Area Detailed Bottleneck Calibration
6:3
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6.22
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8.83
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14.69
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16.45
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17.82
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10.49
11.66
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13.78
14.69
15.54
16.06
16.45
17.11
17.82
18.48
19.04
19.68
20.42
22.13
23.35
24.65
25.52
26.84
28.07
28.88
29.75
32.1
33.15
65-75
55-65
45-55
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Sample applications
Signal control
Signal Hardware-in-loop, testing 170 controller Adaptive signal control based on real-time delay
estimation
Evaluation of Adaptive Ramp Metering Algorithms
Algorithms ALINEA, BOTTLENECK, ZONE
Morning peak hour (6:30-10:00) High Demand Low Demand
Scenarios Recurrent congestion Non-recurrent congestion
Incidents: block the rightmost lane for 10 minute at the beginning of congestion at the end of congestion
Traffic direction
1 2 3 7 6 5 4
Evaluation of Adaptive Ramp Metering Algorithms (cont.)
Optimization of parameters of ALINEA
ALINEA, A local feedback
ramp-metering strategy
Optimization method: Hybrid method:
simulation + GA
))(*()(~)( tOOKttrtr R
Downstream detector
On-ramp detector
Queue detector
Optimization of parameters of ALINEA (Cont.)
MOE
GA
Time-dependentTravel demands
PARAMICSsimulation
ALINEAramp-metering algorithm
PerformanceMeasure
Ramp MeteringController
Loop DataAggregator
ParameterValues
Ramp Metering Evaluation Platform
What is it? A simple platform to guide Caltrans
personnel on how to successfully manipulate the various aspects of the ramp-metering systems, including initializing parameters, fine tuning of parameters, performance analyses, and hypothetical "what if" simulated testing.
What does it consist of? A library of metering algorithms either
currently or potentially applied in California is included in this platform. The platform has intuitive graphical interfaces in order to facilitate Caltrans practitioners.
How has it been used? Not yet deployed.
How can it be used? provides a quick and cost-effective way
to conduct ramp-metering studies.
Design Evaluation
ALINEA SJRMS
SDRMS
SATMS SWARM Override Strategies
MOE Loop Ramp
PARAMICS Simulation
Loop data Network Traffic control
Graphical Interfaces (GUI)
URMS
Work zone Noticeable source of accidents and congestion
AWIS: Automated Workzone Information Systems Components:
Sensors Portable CMS Central controller
Benefits: Provide traffic information Potentially
• Improve safety• Enhance traffic system efficiency
Evaluation of Traffic Delay Reduction from AWIS
Evaluation of Traffic Delay Reduction from AWIS (cont.)
Calibration for the before model
Calibration for the after model
Data collection
Network OD Table OD Table Network
Simulation Simulation
Evaluation
ATMIS components Scena-
rio Scenario description Ramp Metering Signal Control Traveler Information
Incident Management
0 BASELINE 2000 Fixed time Coordinated N/A N/A
1 Non-incident management Fixed time Coordinated N/A 33 mins
2 Existing incident management Fixed time Coordinated N/A 26 mins
3 Improved incident management Fixed time Coordinated N/A 22 mins
4 Local adaptive ramp metering ALINEA Coordinated N/A 26 mins
5 Coordinated ramp metering BOTTLENECK Coordinated N/A 26 mins
6 Traveler information Fixed time Coordinated 5% compliance 26 mins
7 Combination-1 Fixed time Synchro-Adaptive 5% compliance 26 mins
8 Combination-2 ALINEA Synchro-Adaptive 5% compliance 26 mins
Caltrans’ Traffic Management System master plan
Caltrans’ Traffic Management System master plan (cont.)
Corridor management Plan Demo
Goal: to incorporate detailed multi-modal performance
measurement and operational analysis into the traditional corridor planning efforts.
Major Tool: Microscopic Traffic Simulation (Paramics)
Outcome: A template for Caltrans to use in corridor planning
efforts that will integrate both planning and operations To help to address the problem of lost system
productivity during congestion, thereby improving mobility in the most cost effective manner.
I-880 corridor simulation
I-880 improvement projects Interchange improvement
SR-92 Davis Marina Mission Blvd
Freeway mainline improvement Extend HOV lanes Add one more lane to both NB and SB SR-238
Construct auxiliary lanes Add an aux lane along SB 880 from SR-238 to A St. Add an aux lane along NB 880 from Tennyson to SR-92
Arterial improvement Widen Stevenson from 4 to 8 lanes
…
Current I-880/SR92 Interchange
SR92 I-880
I-880 improvement projects
A: Add 3- lane facility on SR92 EB which continues until I-880 interchange
B: Remove a diagonal ramp to Hesperian NB and add two left turn lanes on loop ramp to Hesperian SB
A
B
Proposed Improvements A & B
C: Remove SR92 to 880NB loop and add 3 lane flyover ramp(1 lane for HOV only).
D: Improve the curvature of 880SB to SR92 WB
E: Improve the curvature of 880NB to SR92 EB
F: Remove SR92 to 880SB loop and add 1 lane flyover ramp
C
DE
F
Proposed Improvements C, D, E, & F
G: Add 1 aux lane on 880SB until Tennyson Rd
H: Add 1 aux lane on 880 NB from Tennyson Rd
G H
Proposed Improvements G & H
I: Add 1 aux lane on 880 NB until Winton Ave
J: Add 1 aux lane on 880 SB from Winton Ave
JI
Proposed Improvements I & J
I-880/SR92 Interchange Improvements
Add 3-lane facility on SR92
Add 1 aux lane on 880NBAdd 1 aux lane
on 880SB
Remove SR 92EB to 880NB loop and add 3-lane flyover ramp
Remove SR 92WB to 880SB loop and add 1-lane flyover ramp
Remove diagonal ramp to Hesperian and add 2 left turn lanes on loop ramp
Add 1 aux lane on 880SB
Add 1 aux lane on 880NB
I-880SR-92
Improve the curvature of 880SB to SR92WB diagonal ramp
Improve the curvature of 880NB to SR92EB diagonal ramp
Add 3-lane facility on SR92
Add 1 aux lane on 880NBAdd 1 aux lane
on 880SB
Remove SR 92EB to 880NB loop and add 3-lane flyover ramp
Remove SR 92WB to 880SB loop and add 1-lane flyover ramp
Remove diagonal ramp to Hesperian and add 2 left turn lanes on loop ramp
Add 1 aux lane on 880SB
Add 1 aux lane on 880NB
I-880SR-92
Improve the curvature of 880SB to SR92WB diagonal ramp
Improve the curvature of 880NB to SR92EB diagonal ramp
I-880/SR92 Interchange: After Improvement
Benefit Analysis of Selected Proposed Orange County Freeway Improvement Projects
Project 1: Re-stripe left shoulder of I-5 between SR-55 interchange and SR-22/SR-57 interchange to add second HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) lane.
Project 2: Re-stripe left shoulder on I-5 between Tustin Ranch Road and SR-133 interchange to add continuous auxiliary lane.
Project 3: Extend existing HOV lane on SR-55 from the I-405 to Victoria in both directions.
Project 4-1: Add one general purpose lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistrano.
Project 4-2: Extend HOV lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistrano.
MOE Comparison for Project 1
MOE Before After Percent Change
VMT (miles) 147995.6 150683.7 1.8 %
VHT (hrs) 4942.3 4049.9 -18.1 %
Average HOV lane speed (mph) 38.5 69.0 79.5 %
Total HOV lane throughput (veh/hr) 1854 1945 4.9%
Total vehicle throughput (veh/hr) 7416.3 7483.7 0.9 %
Total person throughput (persons/hr) 10371.8 11877.67 14.5 %
Re-stripe left shoulder of I-5 Re-stripe left shoulder of I-5 between SR-55 interchange between SR-55 interchange and SR-22/SR-57 interchange and SR-22/SR-57 interchange to add second HOV (High to add second HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) laneOccupancy Vehicle) lane
MOE Comparison for Project 2
MOE Before After Percent Change
VMT (miles) 353406.3 361449.4 2.3%
VHT (hrs) 8884.5 7967.9 -10.3%
NB 39.6 49.6 25.2% Average mainline travel speed (mph) SB 53.0 57.4 8.4%
Re-stripe left shoulder on I-5 Re-stripe left shoulder on I-5 between Tustin Ranch Road between Tustin Ranch Road and SR-133 interchange to and SR-133 interchange to add continuous auxiliary add continuous auxiliary lanelane
MOE Comparison for Project 3
MOE Before After Percent Change
VMT (miles) 176910.66 184527.66 4.3%
VHT (hrs) 7689.43 4950.95 -35.6%
Mainline 38.8 59.1 52.5% NB average travel speed (mph) HOV 46.8 69.4 48.2%
Mainline 61.6 62.6 1.6% SB average travel speed (mph) HOV 68.0 68.8 1.2%
Extend existing HOV lane on Extend existing HOV lane on SR-55 from the I-405 to SR-55 from the I-405 to Victoria in both directionsVictoria in both directions
MOE Comparison for Project 4-1
MOE Before After 1 Percent change
VMT (miles) 337771 348091 3.1%
VHT (hrs) 7290.13 5642.42 -22.6%
NB average travel speed (mph) 47.1 63.2 34.3%
SB average travel speed (mph) 58.8 63.2 7.5%
Add one general purpose Add one general purpose lane on I-5 between the lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistranoline and Camino Capistrano
MOE Comparison for Project 4-2
MOE Before After 2 Percent change
VMT (miles) 337771 341567 1.1%
VHT (hrs) 7290.13 6043.63 -17.1%
Mainline 47.1 61.7 31.0% NB average travel speed (mph) HOV 47.1 70.2 49.1%
Mainline 58.8 62.5 6.3% SB average travel speed (mph) HOV 58.8 70.4 19.8%
Extend HOV lane on I-5 Extend HOV lane on I-5 between the Orange/San between the Orange/San Diego County line and Diego County line and Camino CapistranoCamino Capistrano
ATMS Training and Development System
What is it? A high-end simulator for use in Caltrans operator
training efforts as well as a true testing facility for ATMS upgrades and enhancements within an environment with the full functionality of a Caltrans TMC.
What does it consist of? An ITS Test Center and TMC Simulator that
provides connectivity to the Testbed’s real-time data streams (field and simulated). Provides both “live”and “virtual” connections to Caltrans field traffic control systems. An adjoining “classroom” has capacity for fifteen Caltrans trainees.
How has it been used? Provides Caltrans TMC operator training.
How can it be used? Test and evaluate upgrades/enhancements to
TMC operations in a secure environment that exactly duplicates actual TMC software systems and data feeds.
loop data
1 2 3
incident ramp metering, CMS messages
ATMS Training and Development System
Objective: Evaluate the impacts of allowing use of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes by single-occupant gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles
Three major components: microscopic simulation modeling, emission modeling for HOV/hybrid system, demand modeling for future hybrid vehicles.
Scenarios considered
Scenario Description
Baseline Current: Only HOV 1 Current: HOV + Existing Hybrids 2 HOV + Limit of 50,000 Hybrid Permits 3 HOV + Limit of 75,000 Hybrid Permits 4 HOV + Virginia I-395 Experience (7%) 5 HOV + Virginia I-95 Experience (19%)
Effects by Allowing Single Occupant Hybrid Vehicles on HOV Lanes
Effects by Allowing Single Occupant Hybrid Vehicles on HOV Lanes (cont.)
Extension of Hybrid HOV Lane Micro-simulation Model Evaluation of the impacts of:
allowing single-occupant vehicles to pay a toll to use the HOV lanes (so-called HOT lanes)
the use of Caltrans District 12 HOV lanes as a part time system with no buffer separating the lanes (similar to the HOV system that exists in Caltrans District 4)
Investigate the impacts of: Priority-based HOV
operation
Priority level
Vehicle types
6 Bus
5 HOV 4 plus (includes van pools)
4 HOV 3
3 HOV 2
2 Hybrids, Low Emission Vehicles (LEV)
1 SOV willing to pay toll
0 SOV
Sub-network Simulation Components
CORBA middle ware
Network Monitoring
API
Vehicle Routing
API
Subnet Simulator 1
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Computer 1
Network Monitoring
API
Vehicle Routing
API
Subnet Simulator 2
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Computer 2
Network Monitoring
API
Vehicle Routing
API
Subnet Simulator 3
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Computer 3
Network Monitoring
API
Vehicle Routing
API
Subnet Simulator 4
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Other SupportingAPIs
Computer 4
• Global Network Database• Global Network Monitoring • Global Path Calculation• Path Tree Storage
Global Path Controller
Distributed Paramics Modeling
On-line simulation
Loop data from Oracle database at ATMS Testbed
Traffic data at each cordon points
Demand loading
Forecast lead time
Traffic flow prediction
Consistency check
Dynamic OD estimation
Loop data at measurement points
Data aggregation
Reference OD pattern
Paramics simulation