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Life in America in the 1700’s

• Colonists relied on local government to make laws for them.

• Great Britain had its own problems• 1688 Glorious Revolution Mary and William of

Orange take charge• 1689 signed English Bill of Rights• They viewed the colonies as an economic resource.• Plenty of Ram Materials - Lumber, Fish, tobacco,

rice, trade goods, cotton

Mercantilism……• As trade grows, gold reserves increase, nation

becomes more powerful• A country had to export more then it import.• Navigation Acts - colonial trade• Could not use foreign ships - even if cheaper• Could only trade certain goods with England - not

outside the empire• Many ignored the laws and smuggled goods out of

the country

• The Enlightenment• Also called the “Age of

Reason”• Wanted to see the world

more clearly• Started asking Why?• John Locke Politics

stated government ruled by consent of governed

• Ben Franklin, Galelio, Newton

• The Great Awakening• A religious revival.

• Social Mobility• People could go from

indentured servant to the gentry class.

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• Competing to be most powerful country in the world.

• Fought a series of wars King William’s, Queen Anne’s, King George’s wars

• Looking for a reason to fight again. Found it in North America

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• British start moving west of Appalachian Mnts. to settle.

• French told them to stay out, they use it for hunting and trading since 1600s.

• Both claimed the Ohio valley after 1750

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• 1752 French start building forts to have a presence's in the land.

• British send young commander with a message (GW) telling the French to leave.

• French refused!

• Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union

Native Americans take sides

• Most Native American’s join?• Why?• Iroquois Confederacy?• Reluctantly join the British in

exchange for trading rights!• Shifted balance of power to the

British.

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• Also called the seven years war in Europe.

• 1756 - 1763

• The Fork of the Ohio river - French build Fort Duquesne very important because of its location on the rivers.

• Washington sent to build fort with 150 soldiers at the site of Fort Duquesne. Kill 10 French soldiers!

• Knew the French would come for revenge.

• Build Fort Necessity - eventually had to surrender

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• Iroquois League of Nations joins the British despite better offers from the French.

• Pitt captures Fort Duquesne - British rename it in his honor.

• Treaty of Paris - British gain all land east of the Mississippi River. French had no land left in North America.

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• After leaving the colonists alone for many years, the British government (King George the III) started to try and reclaim control of the colonies.

• The colonists resented the King for this.

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• Had to pay to defend settlement from Native American attacks.

• Issued the Proclamation of 1763.

• Closed the frontier to settlement even though that is why the colonist fought the war

• Had to pay for the war.• Passed The Sugar Act of

1764 to collect taxes from colonists.

• Lower the tax on Sugar! • Created Smuggling courts!

Had to prove innocence! No Jury!

• Passed Quartering Act in 1765 to pay for soldiers housing

• Stamp Act of 1765

Protesting the Stamp Act

• Colonists troubled because 1) Taxed colonists directly

• 2) Taxed without their consent• Samuel Adams forms Sons of Liberty• Patrick Henry - Stamp Act Congress petitions

King saying only the colonists can tax themselves• Merchants sign Non Importation Agreements• King does repeal Stamp Act• Colonist loose trust in King and Parliament

The Colonists were upset because the King was passing taxes on the colonists without the colonists having any say. The colonists did not mind paying taxes as long as they had a voice in the government. Because as John Locke said “government can only govern with the consent of the governed.” On your paper explain what John Locke meant by that?

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• Declaratory Act - statement by the king telling the colonist that he has the power to rule over them.

• Townshend Acts gave writs of assistance and taxed imports.

.• Colonists were insulting and throwing

snow balls at British soldiers guarding the custom house.

• Called that by the colonists.• Only 5 people died • Crispus Attucks• After Attack King repeals all taxes but

tax on Tea.• Committee of Correspondence revived

in 1772 - brought together protesters• Circulated writings about grievance’s

against the King

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• 1773 Tea Act allowed East India Company to sell tea direct with no taxes, lowering the price of tea.

• Cut out middle man put colonists out of business.

• Sons of Liberty dump 300 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest.

• Boston tea party!

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• Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts - Enacted by the King until the tea was paid for.

• Closed Port of Boston

• British Officials tried in Britain

• Quartering of Soldiers

• Reduced colonists right of self government

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• September 1774, 56 delegates from all the colonies except Georgia.

• Meet in response to the King passing the Intolerable Acts.

• Made a direct appeal to the king for peace.

• Approved training a militia.

• Agreed to meet again in Summer of 1775.

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• April 19, 1775• Paul Revere and his

famous ride.• Lexington first battle of

the Revolution.• British wanted to take

ammunition that was stored in Concord.

The Battle of Bunker Hill• Patriots surround Boston. 20,000 Patriots from all over the

colonies.

• Boston was a symbolic city because most people were Patriots - against the King

• On June 16 1775 British decide to drive the colonist out

• Battle takes place on Breed’s Hill

• Colonist were waiting for supplies from Fort Ticonderoga (Ethan Allen/Benodict Arnold and the Green Mountain Boys)

• Takes British 3 charges and lose more then 1000 troops

• Low on Ammo - William Prescott “Don’t shot until……

• American’s viewed it as a moral victory

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• Sent Olive Branch Petition to King George asking him to remove British troops and that colonists were loyal to crown.

• Build a Continental Army with George Washington in control.

Common Sense

• Pamphlet Written By Thomas Paine• Captured Attention of thousands• Called for Independence• Simply “Common Sense” to stop

following the “Royal Brute”• Not a squabble over taxes but a

struggle for freedom

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• As part of the Second Continental Congress.• Richard Henry Lee introduces resolution to

declare independence.• July 2,1776 finally adopted.• Written by Thomas Jefferson• 4 major parts - preamble, declaration of

human rights, list of complaints, and final part declared independence.