Study Guide

Location:

Capital: Istanbul Turkey, extended into Europe and

North Africa Famous ruler:

Suleiman the Magnificent

Ottomans

Location:

Centered in Iran Famous ruler:

Abbas the Great

Safavids

Comparison

Ottomans

Sunni Sultan was leader Empire lasted longer

Safavids

Shi’ite Shah was leader Ally of Europe

Both: Tolerant, trade flourished, absolute rulers

“Sick Man of Europe”

Reasons: Empire couldn’t control provinces

“Young Turks” Overthrew Sultan Counter reforms and atrocities

World War I Ally with Germany = losers

Modern Turkey

Built industries with government funds Separated religion and government

Replaced Islamic law with Western model Women given more rights

Set up secular public schools Used western calendar, metric system, and

alphabet Changed dress codes:

Men forbidden to wear Fez Women forbidden to veil their faces

Kemal Atatürk

Importance:

Reduced distance for trade, travel Lowered cost and time for travel Made Middle East center for trade

Suez Canal

Reasons for creation:

Arabs angry at Europe for Imperialism and Colonialism

Balfour Declaration Arabs call for single, unified Arab state

Goals: Participating countries equal Strengthen relations between Arab states Become world power Reduce European influence in Mid East

Arab League

Pros:

Many very wealthy members Large oil deposits Membership is expanding

Cons: Several very poor members Many internal disagreements Not Pro-West

Arab League

Definition:

Movement for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World

Closely connected to Arab nationalism, which believes that Arabs constitute a single nation

Pan-Arabism has tended to be secular (apart from religion) and often socialist

Main supporter: Gamal Abdel Nasser

Pan-Arabism

What did the Declaration create?

Country of Israel, home for Jews

Reasons it started conflict Muslims vs Jews Two people, one homeland Both claim holy land as their own

Balfour Declaration

Definition: Movement for the

establishment and support of a national homeland for Jews in Palestine

Zionism