广东外语外贸大学《物流学》讲义

Logistics Information TechnologLogistics Information Technology y

第三讲 物流信息技术

主讲教师：张余华教授主讲教师：张余华教授

物 流 管 理 学

第 12 章 国际物流

Chapter 12 International Logistics

12-2

Learning Objectives

To identify the reasons for governmental

intervention in the area of international trade

To distinguish among the unique activities of

international trade specialists

To examine issues involved in international

air transportation

To relate activities involved in international

ocean transportation

12-3

International Logistics

Key TermsCustoms house

brokers

Export

management

company

Export packers

Key TermsExport trading

company

Import quotas

Incoterms

2000

12-4

International LogisticsKey Terms

International Air

Transport

Association (IATA)

International freight

forwarders

Irrevocable letter of

credit

Land bridge

Key TermsNontariff barrier

Nonvessel-

operating common

carrier (NVOCC)

Shippers

associations

Shipping

conferences

12-5

International LogisticsChanges to political landscape affect logistics

The end of Soviet rule in Eastern Europe

EU economic integration

Nontariff barriers-a rule that has the effect of reducing

imports

Restrictions on truck traffic, forcing freight onto rail and

water

NAFTA

Multinational firms

12-6

International MarketingSize or scale of firms may be different

Firms selling products under their own

brand are concerned about quality

maintenance

Consumer preferences differ

International credit system is not well

developed

Irrevocable letter of credit

12-7

Figure 12-1: Irrevocable Letter of Credit

12-8

International Marketing ChannelsDomestic (U.S.) channels

Ownership

Negotiations

Financing

Promotions

Logistics

International channel additions

Documentation

12-9

Terms of Sale—Incoterms 2000

EX-Works (EXW)

FCA (Free Carrier)

FAS (Free Alongside

Ship)

FOB (Free on Board)

CFR (Cost and Freight)

CPT (Carriage Paid To)

CIF (Cost, Insurance, and

Freight)

CIP (Carriage and

Insurance Paid To)

DES (Delivered Ex Ship)

DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)

DAF (Delivered at

Frontier)

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

DDU (Delivered Duty

Unpaid)

12-10

Government Influences on Foreign Trade

Government controls on the flow of international tradeCustoms or duties

Import quotas

Health inspections

Safety standards

Currency outflow

Political or military reasons

Port choice

Non-trade reasons

12-11

Government’s Role in International Transport

International carriage is an export to the

nation operating the carrier-affects balance

of payments

International fleets and airlines may be

subsidized

Large nations must protect their flag

carriers’ interests

12-12

International Trade and Supply Chain SpecialistsInternational Freight Forwarders

Advising on acceptance of letters of credit

Booking space on carriers

Preparing an export declaration

Preparing an air waybill or bill of lading

Obtaining consular documents

Arranging for Insurance

Preparing and sending shipping notices and documents

Serving as general consultant on export matters

12-13

International Trade and Supply Chain Specialists

Nonvessel-operating common carrier (NVOCC)

Customs house brokers

Export management company

Export trading company

Shippers associations

Shipping conferences

Export packers

12-14

Figure 12-2:

A Forwarder’s

Export Quotation

Sheet Showing

Factors to Include

When Determining

a Price Quote

12-15

Figure 12-3: A Package Marked for Export

12-16

Logistics Channels in International Distribution

Landward move to the port or airport in

exporting country

International air

International ocean shipping

Landward leg in importing country

12-17

Movement to Port or AirportTo adjacent countries, move is similar to

domestic, with more paperworkTo ports

Use containerization

Land bridge operations

To airportsChartered aircraft

Scheduled air carriers

Integrated air carriers

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

12-18

Figure 12-4:

Large

Containers

Used by

International

Airlines

12-19

Ocean ShippingTypes of Ocean Cargo

Petroleum

Dry-bulk cargoes-grain, ores, sulfur, sugar,

scrap iron, coal, lumber, logs in vessel loads

Containers

Shipping conferences and alliances pool

resources and extend market coverage

12-20

Ocean ShippingTypes of Vessels

Containerships

Lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels

Roll On-Roll Off (RO-RO) vessels

Tankers

Parcel Tankers

Tramps

Specialized vessels

12-21

Figure 12-5: A RO-RO Vessel in Jacksonville, Florida

12-22

Surface Transport in Importing CountriesFew foreign nations have as wide a range

of modes as in the United States

Transportation nationalization is higher in

most countries other than the United States

Ship owners are becoming involved in land

transport

Short sea shipping along coasts

Rail gauges vary around the world

12-23

International Trade InventoriesMay vary in small ways from country to

country—products may be tailored to fit

Less is needed (than in U.S.) to serve any

one country

Return items are impossible to accommodate

Import and export quotas affect value of

inventories

Currency and language differences

Logistics Information TechnologLogistics Information Technology y

第三讲 物流信息技术

主讲教师：张余华教授主讲教师：张余华教授

物 流 管 理 学Thanks for Your Cooperation