main function – provide support & protection for the cell made of cellulose (carbohydrates)...
TRANSCRIPT
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CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
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CELL WALL
Main function – provide support & protection for the cell
Made of cellulose (carbohydrates) and protiens
Located outside the cell membrane of plant, fungi, and some protist cells
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CELL MEMBRANE
Main function – outer boundary of cell; regulates what can enter and exit the cell
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer w/ proteins embedded in the membranes; carbohydrates may attach to proteins
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CYTOPLASM
Main function – substance where organelles are suspended; site of many chemical reactions
Fluid substance that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus
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NUCLEUS
Main function – controls most cell processes and contains hereditary information (DNA)
Composed of a Nuclear membrane Nuclear pores Nucleolus Chromatin/Chromosomes
Located in all eukaryotic cells
Scanning ↑Transmission ↓
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CHROMATIN/CHROMOSOMES
Chromatin – DNA & Protein when it is loose and thread-like; granular looking; most of the time
Chromosomes – DNA & Protein when it condenses to form distinct structures; when cells are dividing
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NUCLEOLUS
Main function – production / assembly of ribosomes
Dense region within the nucleus
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NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Main function – surround and protect the contents of the nucleus
Double membrane layer
Dotted with thousands of nuclear pore which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus
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CYTOSKELETON
Main function – help the cell maintain its shape; also involved in many forms of cell movement
Network of protein filaments Microfilaments – smallest;
movement & support Intermediate filaments –
medium sized Microtubules – largest;
transport; cilia; flagella
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RIBOSOMES
Main function – site of protein synthesis
Composed of RNA and protein
Can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Rough ER Main function – manufacture and distribution of proteins; ribosomes are attached
Smooth ER Main function – manufacture of lipids and break down toxins; NO ribosomes are attached
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GOLGI APPARATUS
Main Function – modifies, packages, and distributes material in the cell; Material is received from the ER, modified in the Golgi, then sent to the cell or out of cell.
Stack of membranes
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LYSOSOME
Main function – break down food and/or worn out organelles
Small sack containing digestive enzymes
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VACUOLE
Main function – store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Plants have a large central vacuole that help the plant stand upright
Saclike structures
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CHLOROPLASTS
Main function – use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules; site of photosynthesis
Double membrane structure that contain large states of green membranes; green color is due to the pigment chlorophyll
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MITOCHONDRIA
Main function – use energy from food to make high-energy compounds that eh cell can use to power growth, development, and movement
Double membrane structure; inner membrane is highly folded
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ENDOSYMBIOSIS
Theory that states - mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendents from ancient prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by other cells; the two cells formed a symbiotic relationship where both cells benefited. Evidence = mitochondria & chloroplasts have DNA, ribosomes, and can divide independently of the cell