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Nationalism Nationalism Threatens Old Threatens Old EmpiresEmpires

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In 1800, the Hapsburgs ruled over a In 1800, the Hapsburgs ruled over a multinational empire and were the oldest multinational empire and were the oldest ruling family in Europe. ruling family in Europe.

Emperor Emperor Francis I Francis I and his foreign minister and his foreign minister MetternichMetternich held on to their conservative held on to their conservative views despite liberal opposition. By the 1840s views despite liberal opposition. By the 1840s industrial growth and the social problems industrial growth and the social problems associated with threatened the old order.associated with threatened the old order.

Francis Joseph Francis Joseph took the throne and made took the throne and made some reforms which included adopting a some reforms which included adopting a constitution. The resulting government constitution. The resulting government catered to Austrians and angered other catered to Austrians and angered other national groups.national groups.

The Hapsburg Empire The Hapsburg Empire DeclinesDeclines

Francis JosephFrancis Joseph

Austria’s defeat in their 1866 war Austria’s defeat in their 1866 war with Prussia finally caused change with Prussia finally caused change to occur. A moderate Austrian to occur. A moderate Austrian named named Ferenc Deak Ferenc Deak worked out a worked out a deal that led to a deal that led to a Dual Monarchy Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. of Austria-Hungary.

This agreement created 2 separate nations This agreement created 2 separate nations with their own constitutions and parliament. with their own constitutions and parliament. Francis Joseph Francis Joseph was ruler of both nations.was ruler of both nations.

Slavic groups were upset because they sought Slavic groups were upset because they sought a nation of their own. By 1900 the Austria-a nation of their own. By 1900 the Austria-Hungarian government was overwhelmed by Hungarian government was overwhelmed by the Slavs’ nationalist goals. the Slavs’ nationalist goals.

Formation of the Dual Formation of the Dual MonarchyMonarchy

Ferenc Deak Ferenc Deak

The Ottoman Empire included lands in The Ottoman Empire included lands in Eastern Europe, the Balkans, North Eastern Europe, the Balkans, North Africa and the Middle East.Africa and the Middle East.

Several nationalist groups were able to Several nationalist groups were able to establish their own independent states, yet establish their own independent states, yet others were protesting for the same others were protesting for the same opportunity. opportunity.

Conflict within the empire caused other Conflict within the empire caused other European nations to attempt to take over European nations to attempt to take over Ottoman lands. All the resulting wars led to Ottoman lands. All the resulting wars led to the area to be known as the “the area to be known as the “Balkan Balkan powder kegpowder keg”.”.

The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire CollapsesCollapses