The Human Respiratory System

Take a deep breath and relax

What does the Respiratory System Do?

_______________________________……………

…….but what is ______________________???

Respiration__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

There are two types____________________________

____________________________

External RespirationThe exchange of _______ and __________

Between the ____________ and the blood in the ______________

_______________~~~~~~~~~from the lungs into the blood_______________~~~~~~~~from the blood into the lungs

Internal RespirationThe exchange of gases between the _______________ and ___________________

….at the cellular level….remember the capillaries??

__________~~~~~~from the blood to the cells__________~~~~~~from the cells to the blood

Breathing IN_______________________________

The intercostal muscles---between the ribs---and diaphragm _________________________ to open the chest cavity and allow air to flow in

The diaphragm _________________

Breathing OUT__________________________________

The intercostal muscles and diaphragm ______________________, closing the cavity, forcing are out

The diaphragm _________________

What allows for inhalation and exhalation?

…….inspiration???…….or expiration???

No, really what is it that allows us to breathe?

What allows for breathing?_____________________________!!!

When the chest expands, the ______________ inside is less then the ________________ outside, so air moves in to equalize the _______________When you exhale, the _______________ inside becomes greater than the _______________ outside, so the air moves outThe air will move toward the area of lesser __________________.

Structure

Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs

What makes up the respiratory system?

LungsSeries of pathways through which the air travelsUpper respiratory Lower respiratory

The Upper RespiratoryThe nose or nasal cavity

Cilia________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

And throat or pharynx________________________

Flap of cartilage located above the larynx (voice box) that folds down to close the trachea (wind-pipe) when you swallow

Lower Respiratory_________________ or voice box

Connects the pharynx and trachea

_________________ or wind pipelined with c-shaped cartilaginous rings

_________________Airways that connect the trachea to the lungs

Lower Respiratory cont.____________________

Small tubes that connect the bronchi to the alveoliTakes air closer to the point of external respiration

____________________Tiny balloon-like sacs arranged in clusters (like grapes) surrounded by capillariesWhere the exchange of gases takes place__________________________________________________________________

______________________Principle organs of the respiratory system

Carbon Dioxide is dropped off

Oxygen is picked up

Capillary

Red Blood Cell

Wall of the Air Sac

DiaphragmThe muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Irritants of the Respiratory SystemWhy Do I Yawn?     _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________~~a YAWN.

Why Do I ______________________?     Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose. Many things can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of air are just some of the many things that may cause you to sneeze.

Irritants of the Respiratory System Cont.

What Causes Hiccups?    Hiccups are the sudden movements of the _______________________. It is involuntary --- you have no control over hiccups, as you well know. There are many causes of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.

What Causes _____________________________ When something gets into your trachea and/or bronchi and irritates it, your body sends you a signal to cough, so your body can get rid of that irritant

Care of the Respiratory SystemHow do you keep your respiratory system healthy?

Do you smoke---tobacco or otherwise?Do you know what that can do to your ability to access and use the essential oxygen?

Do you avoid environmental pollutants when possible?If you can avoid breathing in what is not meant to be breathed in, just imagine the benefits!!Do you know what happened to those heroes on 9-11 that were forced to breathe in the remnants of the Twin Towers

Not only are they psychologically suffering, they are physically suffering as well

Care of the Respiratory System cont.

Do you exercise?Do you know what cardio-respiratory endurance is?You are not only improving the efficiency of your heart, you are also improving your lung efficiency and capacity

Do you practice good personal hygiene?Do you wash your hands to help prevent infections of the respiratory system

Fun Facts about the Respiratory System

-The right lung is slightly larger than the left. -Hairs in the nose help to clean the air we breathe as well as warming it. -The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour. -The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court. -The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end. -We lose half a litre of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.

Fun Facts Cont.-A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. -The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men. -Human lungs have approximately 1500 miles of airways. -300 million alveoli can be found in a set of human lungs.-The average person breathes in the equivalent of 13 pints of air each minute. -Plants help humans to breathe by taking in the carbon dioxide humans exhale and converting it into oxygen that humans need.

Fun Facts Cont.-Guinness World Records lists Charles Osborne from Anthon, Iowa as a record-holder for hiccupping. He hiccupped for 68 years. -Young children laugh an average of 300 times a day, while adults average somewhere between 15 to 100 times. -The saying that ‘Laughter is the best medicine’ may have some truth to it. It is said that laughing helps boost the immune system.

Problems of the Respiratory System

Bronchitis

An inflammation of the ____________________Caused by an infection or exposure to irritants

______________________________________________________________________________

The membranes produce excessive mucus in the airwaysTreated with meds that dilate the bronchial passageways

PneumoniaAn inflammation of the lungsCommonly caused by a _______________ or _________________ infection__________________ swell and become clogged with mucus – decreases the gas exchangeCough, fever, chills, chest painBacterial can be treated with _________________Sometimes requires hospitalization and/or surgery to remove the excess fluids

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity

Asthma_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Involuntary muscle contraction of the smooth airway muscles that causes wheezingAcute-can be relieved with an inhalerMay require meds to reduce inflammationAvoid triggering irritants

Asthmas Cont.

Asthma Cont.

SinusitisInflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Nasal congestion, headache, feverTreat with nasal decongestant or sprays and antibiotics

TuberculosisContagious __________________ infection that usually affects the lungs

Immune system surrounds the infected area and isolates it – can last many years without symptomsActive symptoms

Cough, fever, fatigue, weight lossTreated with antibiotics

Emphysema__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Difficulty breathing and chronic coughTissue damage is irreversible***almost always caused by smoking

Lung CancerCancer of the cells and tissues of the lungs

_______________________________________________________________________________________Can be caused by smoking, second-hand smoke, radon (second leading cause)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Irritation of the lungs can lead to the following:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Many people develop two or three of these togetherCan be caused by smoking

Cystic FibrosisAn inherited disease affecting the lungs.CF causes the ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The mucus can clog the airways in the lungs and make a person more likely to get bacterial infections