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Oracle 11g R2

The best Database for SAP Customers

Relationship and Technology Update

Pedro Lopes, CISSP

Principal Sales Consultant

Relationship Update

Oracle/SAP Relationship Overview

1988

2010

1992

1998

Start of SAP R/3 development (on Oracle DB)

First SAP R/3 release (on Oracle DB)

First SAP BW release (on Oracle DB)

2006

2007

2009

2003

1999

2005

2008 Oracle. SAP sign Reseller & Support Agreements

Reseller & Support Agreements extended

Reseller & Support Agreements extended

Oracle DB 11g Rel.2 ▪ OLTP Table Compression ▪ Secure Files Compression ▪ Deferred Segment Creation ▪ Online Patching ▪ Advanced Encryption ▪ Real ApplicationTesting ▪ Direct NFS ▪ Snapshot Standby Database ▪ Interval Partitioning, Subpartitioning ▪ Oracle Cloud File System (Jan 2011)

More Oracle DB 10g features: ▪ Index Key Compression ▪ Advanced Security (Encryption) ▪ MOPatch

▪ Database Vault ▪ Partitioning Engine for SAP ERP

Oracle DB 9i ▪ Automatic Memory Management ▪ Table Com- pression (Batch) ▪ Online Table Reorganization ▪ Real Application Clusters (RAC)

Oracle DB 10g ▪ Database ▪ Table/Index Partitioning for SAP ERP (Service) ▪ RAC

2015

Oracle

acquires Sun

2011

Oracle Linux (April 2011)

Oracle Exadata (June 2011)

Oracle Exalogic (Aug. 2011)

Oracle Customer Successes Oracle RDBMS for Large SAP Deployments – Hardware Independent

Exadata Storage Server & Database Machine

• Exadata Storage Server

- Oracle Linux

- ASM

• Exadata Storage Server Software

- Priced per Disk Drive

• Sun Oracle Database Machine

- Exadata Storage Servers

- Exadata Storage Server Software

- Oracle Database 11.2

• Enterprise Edition

• Partitioning Option

• RAC

- Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux

Available since June 10 for all SAP customers

Exadata Benefits

• Extreme Performance for OLTP Applications —

- Transparently move hot data to Sun FlashFire, addresses the disk

random I/O bottleneck.

- Get ten times faster I/O response time and use ten times fewer

disks for business applications from Oracle as well as third-party

providers.

• Extreme Performance for Mixed Workloads —

- Consolidate data warehousing, transaction processing, and mixed

workloads on a massively parallel server grid, eliminates the cost

of third-party specialty hardware, security, and management

solutions.

• Extreme Performance for Data Warehouses —

- Improves both query performance and concurrency by offloading

intensive query processing and data mining scoring from database

servers and bringing it closer to the data.

Oracle Database 11g R2 Features Available for SAP customers

• Automatic Storage Management (ASM) to manage all

data

• Advanced Compression

• Online Patching

• Advanced Security

• SecureFiles

• Real Application Testing (not included)

• Direct NFS

• Snapshot Standby Database

Oracle Database 11g R2 Features Available for SAP customers

• Additional features for SAP

- Interval Partitioning

- Enhanced Add Column functionality

- Deferred Segment Creation

- Rename user / schema

- Non blocking online index creation and rebuild

- JDBC LOB Pre-Fetching

Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM )

certified for SAP

• Oracle ASM is a volume manager and a file system for Oracle database files that supports:

- single-instance Oracle Database and

- Oracle Real Application Clusters

• Oracle ASM is the preferred storage platform for SAP systems running on Oracle single instance and RAC

- Since Oracle 11.2.0.2

• ASM is an alternative to conventional volume managers, file systems, and raw devices.

- Eliminating the need for 3rd-party volume managers and file systems for managing the Oracle database files.

• ASM reduces Cost and Complexity without compromising performance or availability.

Source: SAP Customer tests with production databases using all space features of Oracle 11g Rel.2

Oracle Database 11g R2 Space Savings for SAP customers

• Databases are:

- Up to 3 times smaller

• Backups are:

- Up to 10 times smaller

October 2010

“Big Picture” of supported Oracle releases

Please see for latest information the SAP OSS Notes

Oracle Database Update on SAP SDN

http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/ora

http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/ora

More Information: www.oracle.com/sap

http://www.oracle.com/sap

Technology Update

http://www.oracle.com/us/solutions/volume20-sapnewsletter-eng-360057.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/us/solutions/ora4sap-tech-update-sun-2010-322381.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/us/solutions/sap/database/sap-tech-update-current-183568.html

•Your choice: Innovative, integrated and flexible solutions from

desktop to storage for your SAP Data Center

•Providing a complete IT Infrastructure stack to run SAP

Applications even better

•Oracle Solaris: Breaking SAP benchmark records

•Oracle Delivers Oracle Solaris Enhancements

•SAP on Oracle Solaris: The Oracle Solaris Operating System

•Oracle refreshes the entire x86 Rackmount server+blades

portf.

•Take virtualization to the next level

•Going Green with Oracle Systems

•Oracle’s Infrastructure for the SAP Cloud

•Oracle Partner – EDB Business, – Tata Sky Ltd.

•Oracle Sun Customer Success

– Dow Corning – Hera Group -Poste Italiane - Sony Canada Ltd.






























Only the Oracle Database

provides for SAP customers …

Best Performance & Scalability

Best Deployment Flexibility

Best Availability & Reliability

Best Support for Very Large DBs

Best Database Security

Best Manageability & Self-Management

MVRC & Row Level Locking

• Multi-version Read Consistency

- Readers don’t block writers

- Writers don’t block readers

• Automatic row-level locking

- reduces data contention

- Row locks are stored with the data providing unlimited row locking

- No lock escalation

• Benefits

- Oracle never escalates locks

- Higher multi-user concurrency

- Higher Scalability

- Best Performance

Row Locks

Locked

Locked

Multi Version Read Consistency High Throughput Concurrency Model

Performance Table Stakes Oracle Other DB

Unique Concurrency Model Yes No

Readers Don’t Block Writers Yes No

Writers Don’t Block Readers Yes No

Guarantees Consistent Queries Yes No

Eliminates Lock Escalation Yes No

Reduces Deadlocks under Load Yes No

Oracle does not compromise data accuracy for greater concurrency

RAC Scalability and Performance Linear scaling across SMP & Clusters for SAP

• Scales beyond DB2’s

best bench-mark

• Significantly better

availability

• Less expensive server

infrastructure

• Enables incremental

change

- Leverage Moore’s

Law

• Supports both ERP

and SAP BW

environments

Results, as of March 25, 2008, have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark.

# of CPU Cores

Thousands S

D U

sers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

4 8 32 48 64 80

World Record SAP SD Benchmark Results

Single Node SMP

2 Nodes

3 Nodes

4 Nodes

5 Nodes

Perfect Scaling across SMP and Cluster

http://www.sap.com/benchmark

182.112

320.363

609.349

900.309

0

200.000

400.000

600.000

800.000

1.000.000

1.200.000

Qu

ery

Navig

ati

on

Ste

ps/H

ou

r

8 8 16 24 32

# of CPU Cores

Results as of November 18, 2009: have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark.

Please see notes page for SAP benchmark certification details for the above results.

Best Business Intelligence Performance

World Record SAP BI Data Mart Benchmark

2 Node RAC

3 Node RAC

4 Node RAC

Fujitsu RX300

Single Node SMP

IBM DB2

1,165,742

Oracle Oracle Oracle Oracle

Perfect Scaling

http://www.sap.com/benchmark

Certification number: 2010039

SAP SD on RAC/Solaris 4 active servers

RAC for SAP Benchmark results

• RAC scale out with 1.9 scalability factor

platform independent:

- Platform (HP-UX, Solaris, AIX, and Linux)

- Oracle version (10.2, 11.2)

- SAP applications

• NetWeaver BW

• SAP ECC 5.0/6.0

• Unicode

• Non-Unicode

One of Oracle’s main differentiators vs. other DB’s

for SAP customers:

Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)

• Removes database Server as Single Point of Failure

• All RAC nodes are active and serve production workload

• Flexible way to scale applications using a simple scale-out

model

• Additional servers can be added easily and dynamically

- without taking any of the active users offline

• Database remains online – provided at least one node is running

• Transparent and available for all kinds of SAP Applications

- ABAP and JAVA

• Integrated Oracle Clusterware

Oracle: Two Choices for Scale SAP ERP and SAP BW

Shared Cache

Large SMP Scale Up Commodity Server Scale-Out

Oracle DB Oracle DB + RAC

Oracle – Best Deployment Flexibility

• Same code, functionality & tools across operating systems

- Enterprise Manager Grid Control

- SAP BR*Tools

- SAP DBA Cockpit

• Customers can choose most cost effective platform

• Customers not locked into any particular platform

• Oracle to Oracle migration tools for changing OS platform:

- Fast and efficient

- O2O (Oracle to Oracle Offline migration)

- Triple O (Oracle to Oracle Online Migration)

- Transportable Tablespaces

• Real Application Testing Option – Unique to Oracle • Able to capture and replay full production database workload

• Important for 10.2 to 11.2 Upgrade tests,

• Important for testing new features

• More functionality, more flexibility, less expensive than 3rd party products

Oracle Database 11g R2 Real Application Testing

… …

Client Client

… Client

Capture DB Workload

Real Application Testing with Database Replay

• Recreate actual production database workload in test environment

• Capture workload in production including critical concurrency

• Replay workload in test with actual production timings

• Analyze & fix issues before moving to production

Middle Tier

Storage

Oracle DB

Replay DB Workload

Production Test

Test migration

to RAC

… …

Client Client

… Client

Capture SQL

• Test impact of change on SQL query performance

• Capture SQL workload in production including statistics & bind variables

• Re-execute SQL queries in test environment

• Tune regressed SQL and seed SQL plans for production

Middle Tier

Storage

Oracle DB

Re-execute SQL Queries

Production Test

Use SQL Tuning

Advisor to tune

regression

Real Application Testing SQL Performance Analyzer (SPA)

• Use Standby Database for testing

and development

- Eliminates cost of DR

- Justify full scale test and DR

environments by combining into one

• Preserves zero data loss while in

test/dev mode

- But no real time query or fast failover

• Similar to storage snapshots, but:

- Provides DR at the same time

- Single copy of storage

Physical Standby Apply Logs

Snapshot Standby Perform Testing

Open

Database

Back out

Changes

Continuous Redo Shipping

Snapshot Standby Test with Production Data Before Deployment

Presentation Application Database

Real Application Clusters for SAP Architecture

Table A

Table B

Table C

Real Application Clusters for SAP Benefits

• High Availability

- Removes Database Server as Single Point of Failure

• Performance & Scalability

- Flexible way to linearly scale SAP applications

• scale-out model

• SAP Support - ASM and ACFS are the preferred storage for SAP cust.

(check SAP Note 1550133)

- RAC on third party shared cluster file system is still supported

• SAP Note 527843

• Total Cost of Ownership

- All RAC nodes are active and serve the production workload

Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM )

certified for SAP

• Oracle ASM is a volume manager and a file system for Oracle database files that supports:

- single-instance Oracle Database and

- Oracle Real Application Clusters

• Oracle ASM is the preferred storage platform for SAP systems running on Oracle single instance and RAC

- Since Oracle 11.2.0.2

• ASM is an alternative to conventional volume managers, file systems, and raw devices.

- Eliminating the need for 3rd-party volume managers and file systems for managing the Oracle database files.

ASM reduces Cost and Complexity without compromising performance or availability

Real Application Clusters for SAP Some Customer Examples

Customer Name OS DB Size RAC

Nodes

Conc.

Users

CAT Logistics AIX 20 TB 7 x 4 20,000

Gruppo Hera Solaris 44 TB 2 2,000

Pirelli HP-UX 6 TB 4 >5,000

SWM Windows 8 TB 2 2,000

T-Systems Linux 10 TB 8 10,000

Data Guard for SAP

• Preferred DR solution for SAP customers

• Complements RAC and Flashback technologies

• Some SAP customer examples: - Nike

- Chevron

- BASF

- Pertamina

Oracle Database 11g R2 provides fully integrated

HA and DR solution for SAP Applications

• RAC

- High Availability

• SAPCTL / Clusterware

- Manages and protects SAP Enqueue Server for both ABAP and Java stacks

- Protects the Message Server

- Covers additional Dialog Instances in Cluster

• Data Guard

- Maximum Protection of Primary and Standby databases completely in sync

- Maximum Performance

• Transparent Failover of SAP Application Servers

- Uses Oracle Net Services

High Availability and Disaster Recovery Best Solution for SAP Applications

Standby Databases Are Not Idle

Standby database can be used to offload

the primary database, increasing the ROI

Real-time

Queries

Active Standby

Database

Production

Database

Continuous Redo

Shipment and Apply

Offload

Backups

Offload

Readers

Patches are applied while the database is up and running:

• Works for both Single Instance and RAC

• No more planned downtime needed for patching

• Processes ―jump‖ to patched code at a safe execution point.

• Online patches are activated at an instance level

- Different than traditional patches activated at the $ORACLE_HOME level

• Applying an online patch is performed using OPatch and MOPatch - also possible to apply via EM deployment procedures

• Each patch is assessed to determine if it can be applied online

- The ultimate goal is to make all patches online patches

Oracle Database 11g R2 Online Patching

Most Efficient Use of Disk Space

• Variable length number representation

• Variable length character representation

• Variable length Unicode representation

• Highly compressed bitmap index technology

Storage Efficiency: Technology Stack

• Most efficient storage of data

- Number values

- Bitmap Index

• Most comprehensive set of

compression options

• Advantages increase when used in

Combination with other Database

options – like Partitioning

• Easy administration

- Reduces the number of required

reorganizations

Advanced Compression (Oracle 11g)

Partitioning + Compression (Oracle 10g)

Index Key Compression (Oracle 10g)

Data Compression (Oracle 10g)

Efficient Data Storage

• OLTP Table Compression

• RMAN Backup Compression – Unique to Oracle

• Expdp Compression

• Data Guard Network Compression – Unique to Oracle

• SecureFile Compression for in-line & out-of-line LOB data

• Unique to Oracle for out-of-line LOBs

- IBM can only do in-line compression

• Out-of-line LOBs are more used than in-line LOB data in SAP products such as;

- SAP CRM

- SAP XI

- SAP Portal

- SAP R/3 (almost all non-cluster tables use out-of-line LOBs)

Oracle Database 11g R2 Advanced Compression

<Insert Picture Here>

Testing results of Oracle Advanced Compression for SAP:

“When we were recording the basic data over two days for

the test, we couldn’t find any negative effects on the CPU or

I/O load of the production system and the dialog response

times didn’t change. The compression result was quite

impressive. The amount of disk space shrunk from almost

3.6 TB to around 1.6 TB, resulting in a space saving of 55%.”

Manfred Fischer, Manager of SAP system

Maintenance, SWM Services GmbH,

Information and Process Technology

Oracle Database for SAP Technology Update #19

Oracle Database 11g R2 SecureFiles

SecureFiles

• Significantly faster access times compared to LOBs in SAP

environments

• Increased transaction throughput on SAP cluster tables

especially with RAC

• Prerequisite for compression of SAP tables containing LOBs

- (e.g. Cluster Tables)

SAP VBDATA Throughput (Insert/Read/Delete)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

1 2 4 8 16 32 64

row size in KB

Per

form

ance

Impr

ovem

ent F

acto

r

LONGs (9.2,10.2) LOBs (10.2,11.2) Securefiles 11.2

Flashback Database to reduce downtime Suitable for any DB size

• A new strategy as alternative to point in time recovery

• Eliminate the need to restore a whole database backup (reduces downtime)

• Integrated seamlessly with RMAN & BR*TOOLS (SAP note 1125923)

• Think of it as a continuous backup

• Restores just changed blocks

• It’s fast - recover in minutes, not hours

• It’s easy - single command restore

RMAN> flashback database TIMESTAMP

to_timestamp('2009-03-15 16:00:00',

'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

SQL> flashback database to restore point

<restore point>

Table & Index Partitioning SAP Support

• All types of partitioning are supported

• Range partitioning used by default

• Same set of tables can be partitioned in all systems

• Standard solution (part of installation)

• All types of partitioning are supported

• Partitioning not used by default

• Best candidates need to be selected for every system

• Oracle Support & Services for SAP can be engaged

• SAP provides Partitioning Engine: SAP Note 1333328

SAP NetWeaver BW SAP OLTP (e.g. ERP, CRM)

As of SAP_BASIS Release 700 and with Oracle 11.2,

Sub- and Interval Partitioning are also supported

(SAP Note 742243)

Only the Oracle Database provides for SAP customers …







Advanced Security Option (ASO)

Application

Network Encryption SAP Note 973450

Database Server

Instance

Database Files

Database Backup

Transparent Data Encryption SAP Note 974876

Backup Set Encryption Using Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN)

• Column Encryption through TDE

• Client-Server Network Encryption

- SAP Application Server to Database Server

• Tablespace Encryption

• DG Secure Network Transport

• RMAN Backup Encryption

• Expdp Encryption

• SecureFile (unstructured LOB data) encryption

Advanced Security

Separation of Duties Oracle Database Vault for SAP

Application DBA

Run application

Application Users

ALTER, DROP

SELECT

SOME_APP objects

SAP Note 1241462

Oracle Database Vault

DBA

HR DBA HR

HR Realm

HR

• Database DBA views HR

data

select * from HR.emp Compliance and

protection from insiders

Fin

FIN DBA

• HR DBA views Fin. data

Eliminates security risks from server consolidation

Fin Realm

Fin


• Controls on privileged users

- Restrict highly privileged users

from application data

- Provide Separation of Duty

- Security for database and

information consolidation

• Real time access controls

- Control who, when, where and

how data is accessed

- Make decision based on IP

address, time, auth…

Reports

Protection Realms

Multi-Factor

Authorization

Separation

of Duty

Command

Rules


HR account

FIN DBA

HR

FIN

SELECT ….

CREATE …

Business hours

Unexpected IP address

Only the Oracle Database provides for SAP customers …







Intelligent DB Self-Management Integrated in SAP DBA Cockpit & SAP BR*Tools

• Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)

- Automatically collects and maintains SQL execution statistics

- Integrated with SAP DBA Cockpit

• Active Session History (ASH)

- Automatically captures and analyzes wait-time statistics

• Automatic Performance Diagnosis (ADDM)

- Self-diagnostic engine built into the Oracle Database

- Automatically and proactively identifies problems

- Notifies DBA with corrective advice

• Automatic SQL Tuning

- Tunes SQL without touching application code

SAP Notes: 105047, 1080813, 853576

Exadata Overview

What is the Oracle Exadata Database Machine?

- A complete system for data warehousing, OLTP, and / or database

server & storage consolidation

- A system Oracle and selected partners sell, install (including optimal

configuration of a working database), and support

• Components include standard Sun hardware, Oracle Database

11g Release 2, Oracle Linux (& Solaris 11 Express as an option for

nodes)

• Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software manages storage and

provides functionality not found on other storage

Exadata Database Machine Hardware

• Complete, Pre-configured, Tested for Extreme Performance - Database Servers

- Exadata Storage Servers

- InfiniBand Switches

- Ethernet Switch

- Pre-cabled

- Keyboard, Video, Mouse (KVM) hardware*

- Power Distribution Units (PDUs)

• Ready to Deploy

* KVM available only in Exadata Database Machine X2-2 models

Exadata Hardware Architecture

Database Grid Intelligent Storage Grid

InfiniBand Network

• Redundant 40Gb/s switches

• Unified server & storage

network

• 14 High-performance low-cost

storage servers

• 8 Dual-processor x64

database servers

OR

• 2 Eight-processor x64

database servers

Scalable Grid of industry standard servers for Compute and Storage

• Eliminates long-standing tradeoff between Scalability, Availability, Cost

• 100 TB High Performance disk,

or

336 TB High Capacity disk

•5.3 TB Smart Flash Cache

•Data mirrored across storage

servers

Standardized and Simple to Deploy

• All Database Machines are the same

• Delivered ready-to-run

• Tested

• Highly supportable

• No unique configuration issues

• Identical to config used by Oracle Engineering

• Runs existing OLTP and DW applications

- Full 30 years of Oracle DB capabilities

- No Exadata certification required

• Leverages Oracle ecosystem

- Skills, knowledge base, people, partners

Deploy in Days,

Not Months

Exadata Storage Server Building Block

• High-performance storage server built from

industry standard components

• 12 disks - 600 GB 15000 RPM High

Performance SAS or 2TB 7200 RPM High

Capacity SAS

• 2 Six-Core Intel Xeon Processors (L5640)

• Dual ported 40 Gb/sec InfiniBand

• 4 x 96 GB Flash Cards (384 GB/cell)

• Intelligent Exadata Storage Server Software

• Hardware by Sun

• Software by Oracle

Exadata Database Machine X2-8 Full Rack Extreme Performance for Consolidation, Large OLTP and DW

• 2 x64 Eight-processor Database servers (Sun Fire 4800)

- High Core, High Memory Database Servers

- 128 CPU cores (64 per server)

- 2 TB (1 TB per server)

- 10 GigE connectivity to Data Center

• 16 x 10GbE ports (8 per server)

• 14 Exadata Storage Servers X2-2

- All with High Performance 600GB SAS disks

OR

- All with High Capacity 2 TB SAS disks

• 3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36

- 36-port Managed QDR (40Gb/s) switch

• 1 ―Admin‖ Cisco Ethernet switch

• Redundant Power Distributions Units (PDUs)

Add more racks for additional scalability

Exadata Database Machine X2-2 Full Rack Pre-Configured for Extreme Performance

• 8 x64 Dual-procesor Database Servers (Sun Fire X4170 M2)

- 96 cores (12 per server)

- 768 GB memory (96GB per server)





OR





• Keyboard, Video, Mouse (KVM) hardware


Add more racks for additional scalability

• 4 x64 Dual-procesor Database Servers (Sun Fire X4170

M2)







OR







Can Upgrade to a Full Rack

Exadata Database Machine X2-2 Half Rack Pre-Configured for Extreme Performance

Can Upgrade to an Half Rack

Exadata Database Machine X2-2 Quarter Rack Pre-Configured for Extreme Performance

• 2 x64 Dual-procesor Database Servers (Sun Fire X4170 M2)







OR







Start Small and Grow

Field Upgradeable

Full

Rack

Half

Rack

Balanced Incremental Scaling for OLTP and DW

Quarter

Rack

Scale to 8 Racks by Just Adding Cables

Full Bandwidth and Redundancy

Complete Family Of Database Machines

For OLTP, Data Warehousing & Consolidated Workloads

• Quarter, Half, Full and Multi-Racks • Full and Multi-Racks

Oracle Exadata X2-8 Oracle Exadata X2-2

Exadata Configurations

X2-8

Full Rack

X2-2

Full Rack

X2-2

Half Rack

X2-2

Quarter Rack

Database

Server

Nodes

No. of Nodes 2 8 4 2

No. of CPUs 16 16 8 4

No. of Cores 128 96 48 24

Memory 2 TB 768 GB 384 GB 192 GB

No. of InfiniBand Switches 3 3 3 2

Exadata

Storage

Server

Cells

No. of Cells 14 14 7 3

No. of CPUs 28 28 14 6

No. of Cores 168 168 84 36

Number of Disk 168 168 84 36

Building blocks: X2-2 nodes = Sun Fire X4170 M2 w/ Intel Xeon X5670 CPUs

X2-8 nodes = Sun Fire X4800 w/Intel Xeon X7560 CPUs

Exadata Storage Server Cells = Sun Fire X4270 M2 w/ Intel Xeon L5640 CPUs

Exadata Product Capacity

X2-8

Full Rack

X2-2

Full Rack

X2-2

Half Rack

X2-2

Quarter Rack

Raw Disk1 High Perf Disk 100 TB 100 TB 50 TB 21 TB

High Cap Disk 336 TB 336 TB 168 TB 72 TB

Raw Flash1 5.3 TB 5.3 TB 2.6 TB 1.1 TB

User

Data2

(assuming no

compression)

High Perf Disk 28 TB 28 TB 14 TB 6 TB

High Cap Disk 100 TB 100 TB 50 TB 21 TB

1 – Raw capacity calculated using 1 GB = 1000 x 1000 x 1000 bytes and 1 TB = 1000 x 1000 x 1000 x 1000 bytes.

2 - User Data: Actual space for end-user data, computed after single mirroring (ASM normal redundancy) and after

allowing space for database structures such as temp, logs, undo, and indexes. Actual user data capacity varies by

application. User Data capacity calculated using 1 TB = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 bytes.

Exadata – The Oracle Database Machine Summary

Extreme Performance

•Runs Oracle Faster (DW/OLTP)

•Scalable on Demand

•Smart Storage

•Optimized, Standardized, Integrated •Server, Storage, Network, Software •Ready within days

Lower Cost •Best Database Consolidation Platform

•Reduced Storage requirements

•Leverage Your Existing Investment

Complete

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