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--a consequence of altered complex physiological processes--
(i) Viral factor associated with virus replication/symptom induction: Multifunctional protein p29
Modulation of ecological fitness of virocontrol agents Key theme of modern virology�
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CHV1 (12.7 kb)�
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9498 nts�
851 nts�
p29� p40�p48�
UAAUG�
ORF B�
pol� hel�
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A35-40 U20-22
80 nm
dsRNA 9-13 kb
Viral transcription/replication complex
Golgi-derived Lipid layer
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TMV �
Hillman & Suzuki, 2004)
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By courtesy of Dr B I Hillman
From U. Heiniger, D. Rigling
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Fungal mycelium Fungal mycelia
(virus-free) (virus-infected)
virus
(virus-infected)
germination
(virus-free)
(virus-infected)
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sexual/asexual spores
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RNA silencing pathway
Viral dsRNA��
Viral mRNA degradation�
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RNA silencing (RNAi): Antiviral defense ( �
Dicer
RnMBV1�
by N. Miyazaki�
RNA silencing suppressor
ΔΔdcl2 wild-type virus-free RnVV1 virus-free RnVV1
RnVV1
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RNA silencing (RNAi) �
RNA silencing pathway
Viral dsRNA��
Viral mRNA degradation�
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RdRp�Dicer
RnMBV1�
by N. Miyazaki�
RNA silencing suppressor
RNA silencing (RNAi): Antiviral defense ( �
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Highly valued produce of JAPAN
~60,000 won = ~US$55
~40,000 won= ~US$36
~13,000 won = ~US$10
~20,000 won= ~US$18
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Viruses belonging to at least five virus families
PDA PDA
W779 �
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3-D by Dr N. Miyazaki
W779 �
10μm� 50μm�
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SMV ZYMV
CMV ZYMV
(2003
dsRNA
RNA
small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) microRNAs (miRNAs)
RNA
RNA RISC
RNA mRNA RISC
RISC mRNA
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RIB, Okayama University��
Sun Liying��Ana Eusebio-Cope�� � � � ��
CAB, UMBI � � Rutgers University �Donald L. Nuss � � Bradley I. Hillman �� � ��
West Virginia University � Okayama University �William MacDonald
Natl Inst for Fruit Tree Sci� � �
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University of Kentucky� Said A Ghabrial
Acknowledgments�