Under the auspices of H.E.

Ahmed Al JassarMinister Of Electricity and Water

Minister Of Public WorksActing of Minister Of Awqaf & Islamic Affairs

Preface

The American Concrete Institute – Kuwait Chapter believes that open discussions and direct exchange of knowledge and information are among the main goals and objectives of the Chapter, as information and knowhow, are the backbone of technology development and industry improvement.

The ACI-KC, therefore, has been organizing and holding an International conference once in every about four years. The ACI-KC First International Conference held in September 2003, the ACI-KC Second International Conference held in March 2007 and the ACI-KC third international conference held in May 2012. As a continuation of this series, the ACI-KC is organizing its Fourth International conference in November 2016. The theme for the conference is, « Smart, Green and Durable Concrete Structures «. In addition to keynote presentations, 30 scientific papers were reviewed and accepted for presentation and are included in the conference proceedings. The papers are related to the theme with particular emphasis on the following:

• Smart Buildings and Structures

• Corrosion monitoring and mitigation

• Low carbon design of structures and buildings

• Design and construction of high rise buildings

• Recycling and Sustainable Building Materials

• Management and utilization of Natural resources

• Design aspects for resilience and sustainability

• Codes related to Design and Sustainability

• Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Structures

• Durability of Concrete structures

• Resilience and sustainability in Hot Weather

• Design of resilient, safe and reliable structures

• Condition assessment of concrete structures

Authors are from Kuwait, USA, UK, Egypt, Syria, Libya, UAE, Oman, India, Poland, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.

ACI-KC is sure that participants, attendees, along with others interested in the building and concrete industry, will greatly benefit from the knowledge and information presented in this conference. We hope and expect that this gained knowledge and experiences will soon positively reflect on the concrete and construction industry in Kuwait.

Dr. Moetaz El-HawaryScientific Committee Chairperson

Proceedings Editor

COMMITTEES

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE:Dr. Moetaz E l -Hawary, ChairDr. Khaldoun RahalDr. Saud Al-OtaibiDr. Qutaiba Razouqi Eng. Mansoor Rao

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:Eng. Az iz Mamuj i , ChairEng. Bader Al -SalmanEng. Abdulwahab Rumani

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Prof. Omar Saeed Baghabra Al-Amoudi

Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals ,Saudi Arabia

Professor of Civil Engineering

Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science and Engineering, UK

CONFERENCE AGENDA

DAY 1 TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 2016 ,8

08:00 – 09:00 09:00 – 09:45 09:45 – 10:30 Keynote Speech: , University of Wolverhampton, UK

10:30 – 11:00

12:30 – 11:00 1: Session Chairperson: Dr. Moetaz El-Hawary

Dr. Hakim S. Abdelgader, Ali S. El-Baden , Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya “Methods To Control Cracking In Mass Concrete For Bridge Abutments”Dr. Khalifa Al-Jabri, Abdul Wahid Hago, Hossam F. Hassan, Yahia Mohamedzein, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

Khalad Elsayed, Khaldoun Rahal, Yazan Al-Refaei , Kuwait University, Kuwait

Muhammad Rizwan, M. Chaudhary, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Ilyas, NUST College of Civil Engineering, Risalpur, Pakistan

12:30 – 13:00 Prayer Break13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Break

14:30 – 16:00 Session 2: Session Chairperson: Dr. Saud Al Otaibi

, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya

Yazan Al-Refaei , Khaldoun Rahal, Mohamed Maalej, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Mohmoud Ahmed, Moetaz El-Hawary, Kuwait University, Kuwait.“Structural design of sustainable concrete buildings - LEED v4 and beyond”Dr. Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary , Kuwait University, Kuwait

Jafarali Parol, Jamal Al-Qazweeni and Safaa Abdul Salam, KISR, Kuwait

DAY 2 WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER

08:30 - 09:00 09:00 - 09:45 Keynote Speech: Prof. Omar Saeed Al-Amoudi, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Mineral, Saudi Arabia09:45 – 10:15

10:15 – 12:30 Session 3: Session Chairperson: Dr. Khaldoun Rahal

Suad Al Bahr, KISR, Kuwait

Suad. Al-Bahar, M. Abdulsalam and J. Chakkamalayath, KISR, Kuwait Pozzolana.”

Sharifa. Al-Fadala, J. Chakkamalayath, S. Al-Bahar, A. Al-Aibani, S. Ahmed , KISR, Kuwait

Session

14:00 – 14:30 Keynote Speech: “Concrete Sustainability Aspects ” Dr. Moetaz El-Hawary, Kuwait University, Kuwait

2016 ,9

CONFERENCE AGENDA

“Experimental Methods for Corrosion Monitoring of Steel Rebars Protected with Chemical Inhibitors”S. Abdulsalam, A. Hussain, KISR, Kuwait.

A. Al-Aibani, M. Abdulsalam, , KISR, Kuwait “KISR Corrosion Rate Sensors for Monitoring Durability of Concrete Under Marine Environment”A. Husain, S. Abdulsalam, S. Al-Bahar , KISR, Kuwait

12:30 – 13:00 Prayer Break13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Break

14:00 – 16:00 Session 4: Session Chairperson: Dr. Hassan Kamal

J. Chakkamalayath, F. Al-Fahad, S. Al-Bahar and M. Abdulsalam, KISR, Kuwait

F. Al-Fahad, J. Chakkamalayath, and A. Al-Aibani, KISR, Kuwait

A. Joseph, S. Al Bahar, J. Chakkamalayath, Kisr, Kuwait

Shaik Hussain, Dipendu Bhunia and S.B Singh, BITS Pilani, Rajasthan, India

19:00 – 21:30 Conference Banquet

DAY 3 THURSDAY, NOVEMBER

08:45– 09:15 Dr. Abla Zayed, University of South Florida, USA

09:15 – 10:30 Session 5: Session Chairperson: Dr. Abla Zayed

Dima Mamoun Kanaan and Amr S. El Dieb, UAE University Al-Ain, UAE

Dr. Shaikha AlSanad, KISR, Kuwait

Dr. Zafer Sakka, I. Assakkaf , J. Qazweeni and M. Taha, KISR, Kuwait13-”

Osama Eid, Mahmoud Taha, Zafer Sakka , Thamer Yaqoub, KISR, Kuwait

10:30 – 11:00

11:00 – 12:40 Session 6

12:40 – 13:00 Prayer Break13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Break

“Aspects Of Structural Design On Recent High-Rise Projects In The GCC”Abdulhamid Darwish and Adel Mousa, KEOIC, Kuwait

, ACK and Ahmed I. Khalil, NPCC

Dr. M. Manikandan, Gulf Consult, Kuwait

Khallad Elsayed, Moetaz El-Hawary, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Dr. Shaikha AlSanad, KISR, Kuwait

Sama T. Aly, Amr S. EL-Dieb and Mahmoud Taha, UAE University Al-Ain, UAE

Khalad Elsayed, Khaldoun Rahal , Kuwait University, Kuwait

2016 ,10

Sponsored by

PRODUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE CONCRETEUSING INDIGENOUS SAUDI NATURAL POZZOLANS

Keynote

Omar S. Baghabra Al-Amoudi

Dean, Educational ServicesProfessor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Saudi Arabia; along with the other Arabian Gulf countries, have been dominated by harsh

environmental and aggressive exposure conditions. These conditions tend to adversely

affect the service life of concrete structures in this region. Nowadays, it is well established

that concrete structures for the local conditions need to be designed for durability rather

than for strength and workability alone. Several methodologies have been suggested for

this purpose, one of which is the incorporation of supplementary cementing materials.

Silica fume and fly ash are the most popular supplementary cementing materials used in

the Kingdom. However, both fly ash and silica fume are not available locally. On the other

hand, large reserves of natural pozzolan have been discovered in the western region of

Saudi Arabia, but these types of pozzolan have relatively low pozzolanic activity.

The objective of this research was to develop sustainable concrete utilizing the locally

available natural pozzolan and to study the activation techniques (i.e. mechanical,

chemical and physical) to increase its pozzolanic activity. The mechanical properties and

durability characteristics of the developed natural pozzolan concrete were evaluated and

compared with that of OPC concrete. Results of this investigation indicated that there is

a great potential for incorporating indigenous natural pozzolan in order to upgrade the

performance of concrete, particularly the durability characteristics. Therefore, the usage

of locally available natural pozzolan, as a partial replacement of cement, is recommended

in order to improve the durability of concrete and to decrease the greenhouse gas emission.

New approach for concrete mix design “Double Coating Method”

Hakim S. Abdelgader

Full Professor of Civil Engineering Department,Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya

hakimsa@poczta.onet.pl

Abstract:

Design of concrete mixes may be defined as a process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determine their relative quantities. The selection of concrete ingredients involves a balance between economy and performance. Currently, there are many international methods approved world-wide for mix designs, such as: the American Concrete Institute (ACI) method and the British Standard (BS) method. These methods depend on certain equations and graphs based on mathematical analysis of results obtained from previous field experience. In general, mix design methods give some indication to the designer to validate and adjust the mix constituents via experimental mixes in the local laboratories in order to check the variables related to the characteristics and properties of the local materials and the surrounding environment conditions. This paper illustrates a new approach for concrete mix design named as:“Double Coating Method”. The philosophy of concrete mix design using the double coating is method based mainly on calculating the weights of the main ingredients of concrete that occupies a volume of one liter of water taking in consideration the following two assumptions:

(a)-The spaces between fine aggregate particles assumed as Rf. This space actually represents the diameter between sand particles which will be filled with the cement paste, as illustrated in Figure 1.

(b)- The spaces between coarse aggregate particles assumed as Rg. This space actually represents the diameter between coarse aggregate particles which will be filled by cement mortar (mixture of cement and sand), as illustrated in Figure 2.

Results obtained by this method and the ACI approach, using the local materials subject to local environmental conditions are presented and discussed.

Keywords: Double coating method, Concrete mix design, Concrete

Figure 1. Model of fine aggregate particles spacing Figure 2. Model of coarse aggregate particles spacing

SELF COMPACTING GROUT AND CONCRETE HOW IT IS PRODUCED AND WHY IT IS NEED

Hakim S. Abdelgader

Full Professor of Civil Engineering Department,Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya

hakimsa@poczta.onet.pl

Abstract:

Using non-traditional concrete in engineering applications such as the construction of nuclear reactor shields, dams, massive under water bridge piers and repairs of building foundations…etc., have been considered as an efficient solution to overcome challenges of limitations of the use of normal conventional concrete. Such new types of concretes which have been developed and produced are completely dissimilar from the conventional concrete in the method of mixing, handling, pouring, consolidation, behaviours, cost ...etc. Based on the technology of ready-mixed self-compacting concrete (SCC), two types of concrete been introduced and named as: two-stage concrete (TSC) and rock-filled concrete (RFC), where a self-compacted grout (SCG) injected or poured to fill the void space of preplaced or self-compacted aggregate (SCA) or rocks. By other words, TSC (Pre-placed Aggregate) unlike normal concrete (NC), it is made by first placing the coarse aggregate in the formwork and then injecting a grout consisted of sand, cement and water to fill the voids between the aggregate particles. The main benefits of the method are widely appreciated as Low heats of hydration, high compressive strengths and density, economic savings, practically no mass shrinkage, low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent bond to existing structures. Similarly, the construction technology of RFC mainly consists of two processes: filling the working space with large scale rock mass and pouring the SCC into the pre-packed rock body. Less cement in the composite, which results in less heat of hydration, makes the temperature control of RFC much easier, and this new construction method leads to fast construction speed, high concrete quality and improves the economics and environmental performance of massive concrete structures. Generally, the properties of two-stage concrete are thus influenced by the properties of the coarse aggregate, the properties of the grout, and the effectiveness of the grouting process. This paper illustrates two main objectives:

1-The importance, advantages and special requirements of introducing TSC to be used in the concrete industry.

2- Demonstrate samples of results from research work conducted in the last decade to address TSC in terms of:

a) Obtaining a mortar that satisfies the optimal grout property requirements.

b) Evaluation and empirical modelling of some important mechanical properties.

Keywords: Two-Stage Concrete, Rock Filled Concrete, Self Compacting Concrete, Mass Concrete Construction.

Behavior, Properties and Sustainability of Concrete Containing Portland Limestone Cement

Moetaz El-Hawary 1 and Mahmoud Ahmed 2

1 Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University2 Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University

Abstract

Sustainable or green buildings is to design construct and maintain them in a way to use

minimum of pollution and cost the minimum while increasing the comfort, health and

safety of the people in them. Reducing concrete’s embodied energy represents one of the

major green features of buildings and an important tool to improve sustainability, save

resources for coming generations and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Cement has high embodied energy. About 95% of the embodied energy of concrete is

from the cement. Reducing cement consumption is, therefore, essential.

The use of fillers is one of the methods to reduce the utilized cement in construction.

With the recent trends to reduce water to cement ratio and improve compaction, there is

no enough space or water for complete hydration of cement. This means that actually, a

portion of mixed cement acts as expensive filler. Replacing this portion with cheaper filler

that requires less energy to produce is, therefore, beneficial.

Crushed limestone is the most promising filler. This work is to investigate the effect

of the amount of limestone fillers on the sustainability and the fresh and mechanical

properties of the resulting concrete. A rich mix is designed with a low water/cement ratio

of 0.4. Lime is introduced as a replacement percentage of cement. Ratios of 0, 10, 20 and

30% were used. Slump, compressive strength, specific gravity and water absorption are

evaluated for every mix. Sustainability is evaluated through reduction in the emitted

carbon dioxide and reduction in cost. In addition, the effect of the amount of lime on

the residual strength of concrete subjected to elevated temperatures is also investigated.

Samples are subjected to six different temperature stations of 20, 100, 200, 300, 500

and 700oC for six hours before being cooled and subsequently tested for compressive

strength and specific gravity. The paper is concluded with the properties of the concrete

containing Portland limestone cement, its behavior at elevated temperatures along with

its sustainability benefits.

Intended Theme: Condition assessment of concrete structures PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CONCRETE

STRUCTURES

Z. Sakka 1,*, I. Assakkaf 2, J. Qazweeni 3, and M. Taha4

1,* Associate Research Scientist, Program of Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructure – Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. E-mail: zsakka@kisr.edu.kw

2 Senior Research Scientist, Program of Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructure – Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. E-mail: isakkaf@kisr.edu.kw

3Program Manager, Program of Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructure – Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. E-mail: jqazweni@kisr.edu.kw

3Research Associate, Program of Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructure – Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. E-mail: mtaha@kisr.edu.kw

Abstract:

Safety and reliability verification of existing reinforced concrete (R/C) structural components

and construction of repair works in concrete structures is considered nowadays to be

among the most challenging tasks in structural engineering. Damages and aging in

concrete structural elements may affect not only appearance, but it may also indicate

significant structural flaw and lack of durability. Decision making and selection of the

most feasible and practical repairing and strengthening techniques are relatively difficult

tasks, especially, when considering the variability and randomness in the strength and

load parameters, cost, and expected service life for each technique.

The paper presents the practical application of probabilistic condition assessment and

evaluation of existing reinforced concrete structural components. Principles of reliability

updating are used in the assessment process as new information is taken into account,

and combined with prior probabilistic models. Enhanced reliability models are used in

drawing engineered decisions. The First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) is used in the

reliability analysis to estimate the reliability index and the partial safety factor (PSFs).

Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) techniques and the best fitting of probabilistic distribution

of each basic random variable are used to convert the complicated multi-random variables

capacity functions (limit-state functions) into single random variables.

Keywords: Structural reliability, First order reliability method, Monte Carlo simulation,

Reinforced concrete structures, Existing buildings.

Skyscraper Design and Ultra-High Strength Concrete Core Wall Behavior from the constructability perspectives

Author Name: M. Manikandan,

Sr.Structural Engineer, Gulf Consult, Gulf Consult, P.O.Box 22412,Safat 13085,Kuwait,mmanikandan@gckuwait.com as well Research scholar (UP13G9560003), Vels-University, Department: Management Studies-

Chennai, India. maximamani@aim.com

Abstract:

The use of concrete in high-rise buildings has increased significantly in the past 20 years

mainly owing to improvement in all the technologies associated with these materials

and methods related to prepare, supply and pour the concrete. Cementations materials,

admixtures, aggregates, pumping techniques, transportations and elevation methods…

etc. all these enchased possibilities are illustrated by taking 150 story high rise structural

model; analyzed and designed by using the software ETABS-2013, to withstand the gravity

loads and also the lateral loads considering Wind 100mph, Exposure-Seismic Zone-I, soil

profile type SD, Occupancy category 1.0 and Ductility factor ,R=5.5. The type of ultra-

high strength concrete cylindrical strength has been considered as 107 MPa @ 28 days to

bear the high load and straining action at lower portion of the core wall, Steel sections

and plates are confirming to ASTM-A992-Gr:70Ksi are considered for Built-up column

sections and floor beams. In addition Shear Studs conforming to ASTM-A106-Gr:1020

with composite metal deck have also been considered to be have as rigid diaphragm to

act as monolithic unit against the heavy lateral loads .

This paper clearly would show that the Design and constructability considerations,

serviceability requirements and international codes compliances such as ACI-318, ASCE-7,

IBC-2011, UBC-1997 ,further it would prove that the combination of R.C. concrete and

steel composite sections could be the best solution for such tall skyscrapers.

Structural design of sustainable concrete buildings - LEED v4 and beyond

Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary, PhD, PE, LEED AP

Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait.mtariqch@hotmail.com / mobile:+96599330226

Abstract:

Buildings are a major consumer of natural resources, potable water & energy and

contribute to about 30% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, a major

reduction in global GHG is not achievable without a significant decrease in contributions

from buildings.

This paper examines sustainable/green design of structural components of concrete

buildings based on the available metrics of cost, carbon footprint, lifetime energy

requirements and available credits in LEED v4. The current version of LEED rating system (i.e.

v4) has significant differences from the earlier versions. It is imperative that the structural

engineers are made aware of these changes and how to incorporate the new requirements

in the structural design for achieving the maximum number of rating points as well as

imparting a positive impact on the built environment. LEED v4 introduces many concepts

that are new to a structural engineer. For example: Environmental Product Declaration

(EPD), Product Category Rules (PCR), Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCA), embodied, operating

and total energy etc. The paper attempts to clarify these concepts by explanation and

numerical examples.

The last part of the paper discusses sustainability measures related to building structures

that could have a profound impact on sustainability but are not addressed in LEED v4.

These include: (1) baseline material usage, (2) structural robustness and resilience against

natural and man-made disasters, (3) structural adaptability, ease of deconstruction and

reuse, (4) structural conservation, refurbishment and restoration of existing structures

and (5) measures for attaining structural durability & longevity.

It is estimated that by 2050, the existing built-up areas in the world will be more than

tripled and exposure to natural calamities and hazards will increase by more than five folds.

Therefore, it is prudent that new communities and buildings are planned and constructed

by taking into account the metrics of sustainability (energy efficiency), adaptability and

disaster prevention (resilience and robustness) as outlined in the paper.

Investigation of the Effect of Secondary Reinforcement in RC Corbel Beams using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis

Jafarali Parol 1, Jamal Al-Qazweeni 2 and Safaa Abdul Salam 3

1- Assistant Research Scientist, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: jparol@kisr.edu.kw

2- Program Manger and Associate Research Scientist, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: jqazweeni@kisr.edu.kw

3- Senior Research Associate Research, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: ssalam@kisr.edu.kw

Abstract:

Corbels are short cantilever reinforced beam, usually projected from a reinforced concrete

column or from a reinforced concrete wall. The span to depth ratio of a corbel is less than

one and hence the load transfer in corbels is predominantly through shear. Considering

the above mentioned special transverse load transfer mechanism in corbels, the shear

reinforcement (secondary reinforcement) is placed horizontal, which is parallel to the

main tension reinforcement (primary reinforcement). Corbel beams are designed to resist

shear force, bending moment and horizontal force. Primary reinforcement is designed

to resist direct horizontal tension and bending moment [1]. Secondary reinforcement is

designed to resist the shear force. Currently empirical equation is used to estimate the

required area of secondary reinforcement. As per ACI design guidelines the secondary

reinforcement should not be less than approximately 50% of the primary reinforcement

[1]. Additionally this secondary reinforcement is recommended to uniformly distribute at

23/rd depth of the corbels. Though, there are research papers available in literature on

the influence of percentage of secondary reinforcement on the ultimate load carrying

capacity of corbels, no definitive work on this subject is available yet. The present work

examines the effect of secondary reinforcement on ultimate load carrying capacity of

the beam using finite element analysis. The finite element model is benchmarked using

available experimental results. Several numerical experiments have been conducted

using the benchmarked finite element model. It has been shown here the secondary

reinforcement influence the ultimate load carrying capacity of the corbel beam to certain

extent after that there is no further improvement is noticed.

REFERENCE

1.Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete (2008), ACI 318M-08).

Structural Evaluation and Concrete Repair in Accordance with ACI 56213

Osama Eid 1, Mahmoud Taha 2, Zafer Sakka 3 and Thamer Yaqoub 4

1 Research Assistant, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: oeid@kisr.edu.kw2 Research Associate, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: mtaha@kisr.edu.kw

3 Associate Research Scientist, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: zsakka@kisr.edu.kw 4Associate Research Scientist, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, email: thyaqoub@kisr.edu.kw

Abstract:

Evaluation, repair and rehabilitation of aged or damaged existing concrete structures are

common practices. Efficiency of such practices relies on the understanding and execution

of the recently published guidelines provided by ACI 56213-. The process of structural

evaluation and concrete repair consists of several stages such as data collection, site survey,

visual damage assessment, field and laboratory testing, structural analysis and design of

a repair system. In this paper, the implemented procedures, results and observations of

a structural evaluation and repair design of an existing damaged building are presented

in accordance to the guidelines stipulated by ACI 56213-. Throughout each stage of the

evaluation process, several structural issues were observed that may have had a great

effect on the structural integrity of the building. These observations are critically analyzed

in order to select and design the most suitable and durable structural repair system.

Lateral load performance of RC columns confined with stirrups of varied yield strength

by

Rizwan M1§, Iqbal S1, Chaudhary M T A2*

1NUST College of Civil Engineering, Risalpur, Pakistan.2Civil Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait.

*Corresponding Author: Email: mtariqch@hotmail.com, Tel.: +96599330226-§Principal Author: Email: sirf3028@gmail.com, Tel.: +924606209-322-

Abstract:

The cyclic response of columns during earthquake loading depends on its characteristics of

deformability. These features, in RC columns, are achieved through effective confinement.

Complete insight of cyclic behavior of RC column can be studied through hysteresis response.

The importance of hysteresis response is well recognized in research. The characteristics

like yield, peak and ultimate loads, response during yield, peak and ultimate loading

cycles, lateral load capacity, stiffness degradation, ductility, residual displacement and

energy dissipation capacity can all be measured and evaluated from hysteresis response.

This paper presents an experimental study, in which RC columns detailed according to

provisions of ACI-31808- and cast with 25 MPa concrete were tested. In order to study

the effect of type of confining steel these were confined using 275 MPa and 415 MPa

yield strength stirrups. The experimentally achieved load-displacement hysteresis curves

along with their backbone curves are presented. All the above mentioned parameters are

also presented and compared. The study will be helpful for engineers involved in design

to understand the behavior of RC columns subjected to cyclic loads during their service

life. The experimental data will also be available for calibration of different models

representing cyclic behavior of columns.

Keyword: RC columns, yield strength of confinement, cyclic behavior, hysteresis response

parameters.

Risk Management in Construction Green Building in Kuwait

Dr. Shaikha AlSanad

Infrastructure Risk and Reliability Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885 SAFAT, 13109 Kuwait.

ssanad@kisr.edu.kwssanad@outlook.com

Abstract:

This research aims to identify the perceived risks with regards to the implementation

and practice of green construction in Kuwait in order to establish a overview of the

plausable impacts of these risks. The possible means of mitigating the effects of these

risks are also presented.The research adopts a method approach which is comprised

of in-depth interviews, followed by a questionnaire survey. In total, 28 perceived

of risks organized in five groups have been identified and prioritized on the basis of

criticality in the implementation of the Green Building process. The findings indicate a

significant difference in the perceptions of stakeholder professionals on the criticality

of these factors,based on their level of their experience and the sector of organization

they represent. This research only focuses on the local stakeholders that have first hand

experience of the Kuwaiti construction industry. However the results of this reseach may

be applicable and usefull for other countries within the middle east and the wider region

as a basis for further research. A detailed search of the peer reviewed journals and industry

practitioner literature reveals that currently there is no formal study on perception of

risks associated with the emergence of new practices of green building and sustainability

from the stakeholder’s perception. This study will help Green Building practitioners to

develop plans to achieve their goals and improve the Green Building process on the basis

of the concepts outlinedin this research.

Keywords: risk, green construction, green building, built environment, risk

management.

KISR CORROSION RATE SENSORS FOR MONITORING DURABILITY OF CONCRETE UNDER MARINE ENVIRONMENT

A. HUSAIN*, S. ABDULSALAM, S. AL-BAHAR

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait

*Corresponding author: Adel Husain; dhussain@kisr.edu.kw, Ph. +96524989242-

Abstract:

Sensors for field application and online monitoring of reinforced concrete structure are

important techniques to control the risk and respond ability of service operation condition

during life time of a structure. The corrosion rate sensors provide an early warning

system for prediction of the corrosion propagation and on developing new insights on

the long term durability and repair of concrete structures. Signs of steel rebar corrosion

in concrete structures is typically established by visual inspection. As soon as structural

cracking problems are observed, a more thorough and expensive analysis is performed.

This study will provide indicative information related to online- corrosion monitoring

techniques that could represent an alternative way with higher accuracy of detection

of damages and, thus, lower overall costs. KISR system provides various investigative

parameters that include electrochemical data in the concrete cover zone on site which

consist of open circuit potential, microcell current indications, humidity and temperature

profiles, concrete resistivity and the corrosion rate linear polarization resistance (LPR) of

built-in ladder anodes. A total of 16 concrete blocks of different mixes of varying water-

to-cement ratios and steel rebars web were designed. Each cubic meter block has two

embeddable sets of anodic corrosion sensors. One group of eight blocks with embeddable

corrosion sensors were placed at the tidal zone the others were placed in the atmospheric

zone adjacent to the sea shore. The tidal zone experimental results showed that the

microcell current grows when the chloride content diffusion rate in concrete is higher.

Therefore, monitoring chloride diffusivity is a good method for monitoring the corrosion

state at an accelerated rate. Experimental results have shown that concrete (with chloride

ion present) with very low conductivity (high resistivity) generally corrodes at a very low

rate and as the conductivity increases so does the corrosion rate.

Keywords: Corrosion rate sensors, durability of steel rebar in concrete, linear polarization

resistance, corrosion potential, microcell current, concrete resistivity,

EXAMINATION OF EARLY AND LATE AGE CURING OF HARDENED CEMENT PASTE USING NATURAL POZZOLANA AND PORTLAND CEMENT

A. AL-AIBANI*, M. ABDULSALAM, K. KUPWADE-PATIL

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait

*Corresponding author: Anfal Al-Aibani; aaibani@kisr.edu.kw, Ph. +96524989754-

Abstract:

As a natural pozzolanic material, the volcanic ash (VA) have been used in many research

studies as a supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), substituting the ordinary Portland

cement at different replacement percentages. The influence of the volcanic ash on the

micro and pore structure of hardened cement past at early and late curing times, were

investigated as part of the collaborative research study with the Massachusetts Institute

of Technology (MIT). Examination program was planned and carried out to investigate

the effect of curing at 7 days and late at 90 days on the micro and pore structures of

hardened cement paste samples, prepared of 0.25 water-to-cement ratio at different

percentages of VA substitutions. The program consists of several experimental techniques

such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance (NMR), N2 adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests. The

paper reveals the results of this study presenting the microstructure characterization

analyses used to identify the crystalline and amorphous structures of hardened cement

paste samples incorporating VA by recognizing the hydration products at early and late

ages and their effect on the matrix structure densification. This investigation has aided

the conclusion for the determination of the optimal substitution of VA for production of

innovative cement paste matrix.

Keywords: natural pozzolanic material, microstructure, pore structure, phase analyses,

maturity, cement paste.

INVESTIGATION OF THE MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF HARDENED CEMENT PASTE CONTAINING NATURAL POZZOLANA

A. JOSEPH*, S. AL BAHAR, J. CHAKKAMALAYATH

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait

*Corresponding author: Dr. Antony Joseph; ajoseph@kisr.edu.kw , Ph: (+965) 66359035

Abstract:

Use of alternative energy efficient construction materials has become essential requirement

for the sustainable building and infrastructure development. Currently, the most feasible

way to meet this challenge is to partially replace Portland cement with other materials

like industrial wastes or natural pozzolana. Moreover, the deterioration of concrete

structures under the prevailing severe conditions of hot and cold temperatures of the Gulf

region along with the chloride and the sulphate attacks in soil and marine environment,

have made it necessary to explore the replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC)

by pozzolanic materials for sustainable concrete construction. In this paper a systematic

study of the microstructure development of the cement paste samples with different

water to cement ratios (0.35 & 0.55) and varying volcanic ash contents (0, 20,30 & 50) after

28 and 90 days of curing were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray

Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

The analysis showed that the phases identified after 90 days of curing is the same as in

28 days cured samples. Portlendite (C-H) crystals were disappeared with the increase in

volcanic ash content in 90 days cured samples. The C-H formed in the initial hydration

reaction of OPC, reacts with the volcanic ash (VA), a type of natural pozzolanic material,

and forms more gel type Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) morphology, which is called

pozzolanic reaction. The presence of unreacted anorthite in samples with high VA content

showed that all the pozzolanic materials are not reacting with C-H to form C-S-H. So

ideally between 2030- % replacement will be suitable for optimum pozzolanic reaction

and for maximum C-S-H formation.

Keywords: Cement Hydration, Phase Transformations, Pozzolanic Reaction, Microstructure,

Morphology, Mineralogical Analysis, Spectroscopy.

Development of Maturity Curves for Strength Prediction of Durable Concrete Structures

F. Al-Fahad*, J. Chakkamalayath, and A. Al-Aibani

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Centre,Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait

*Corresponding author: Fatimah Al-Fahad; ffahad@kisr.edu.kw, Ph. +96524989257-

Abstract:

The maturity concept accounts for the combined effect of time and temperature on

concrete strength development especially in the early stage, which is based on the fact

that temperature is a critical factor in the progress of cement hydration and hence for

the development of strength. The evaluation of the maturity age and the right time to

remove formworks under different curing and environmental conditions always represent

a challenge under severe environmental conditions as early estimates may lead to cracks

and low quality concrete, while late estimates affects the overall project cost. This paper

highlights the importance and the efficiency in using maturity index method to predict

and develop maturity curves of both compressive and flexural strengths for any given

concrete mix under different curing conditions using a maturitimeter. This was performed

by preparing and casting one commonly used concrete mix in Kuwait. Validation curves

were developed for the adopted mix under different curing conditions, including water

curing, external spray coating, and the use of internal curing compound during concrete

mixing. The effectiveness of different curing methods on the strength development was

assessed and the study proved that the use of internal curing compounds is as effective

as the water curing, for developing the concrete maturity, unlike the use of the external

spray curing method. The developed maturity curves, when utilized will be most beneficial

to contractors and engineers to determine and assess the in-place concrete strength at

any curing age and thus, will decide the appropriate time to remove the formwork under

desired conditions and curing ages. The project outcome will contribute to upgrading of

the regional Concrete Building Code, as the existing maturity curves and equations were

developed for particular curing and climatic conditions in other countries, and cannot

be directly adopted in Kuwait and the other Gulf states due to their unique and severe

marine environment.

Keywords: Maturity, Maturity curves, Curing, Concrete, Compressive Strength, flexural

Strength, Building Code

Selection of an Appropriate Type and Dosage of Superplasticizer for the Production of Green and Durable Concrete

J. Chakkamalayath*, F. Al-Fahad, S. Al-Bahar and M. Abdulsalam

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait

*Corresponding author: Jayasree Chakkamalayath; jchakkamalayath@kisr.edu.kw, Ph. +96565534117-

Abstract:

Chemical and mineral admixtures have become the essential components for the

production of durable concrete. Superplasticizers (SP), one of the commonly used chemical

admixtures, reduce the permeability of concrete and improve its strength and durability in

addition to the expected improvement in the fresh state properties of concrete. However,

the performance of any SP in concrete depends its type and dosage and on the chemical

composition and the type of the used cement. Also, the performance is influenced by

the dosage of the selected mineral admixture and the surrounding service environment.

Therefore, the compatibility between different superplasticizers with different types

of cement as well as the selection of an appropriate type of admixture at an optimum

dosage under the local environmental conditions have been examined to achieve the

desired performance and to ensure sustainability in construction. The determination of

saturation dosage of an appropriate type of SP using mini slump for various combinations

of cement-superplasticizer-mineral admixture is presented in this paper. Cement paste

was prepared with a w/c of 0.35, with two types of superplasticizers and two types of

mineral admixtures. In order to correlate the results obtained from cement paste samples

to the behavior of the concrete, tests were conducted on concrete with saturation dosage

of the SP obtained from the cement paste study. It was concluded that the type of the SP

and the type of the mineral admixture govern the flow behavior and hardened properties

of concrete. Even though the addition of volcanic ash (VA) and ground granulated blast

furnace slag (GGBS) caused less development in compressive strength at 7 d, the addition

of VA caused comparable strength development at 90 days; whereas, the addition of

GGBS gave increased strength compared to control mix with SP.

Keywords: Superplasticizer, High performance concrete, mineral admixture, Mini slump

Experimental Methods for Corrosion Monitoring of Steel Rebars Protected with Chemical Inhibitors

S. Abdulsalam and A. Hussain*

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Centre,Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait*Corresponding author: Safa’a Abdulsalam, ssalam@gmail.com, Ph. +96524989234-

Abstract:

Chloride-induced corrosion is the most common cause of premature failure in reinforced

concrete structures. Among the available methods of corrosion protection, corrosion

inhibitors offer simple and cost-effective technique in reducing the chloride-induced

corrosion. Nevertheless, the performance of commercial inhibitors is only partially

satisfactory, as there is no clear information available on the real efficacy of these

products in the field, and under the prevailing environmental and marine conditions

in Kuwait. This paper will present the methodology applied in a study to evaluate the

effectiveness of adding two commercial chemicals to concrete mixtures in order to provide

protection against the corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement, and to study the

effect of using sulfate resistant cement (SRC) in contrast with ordinary Portland cement

(OPC) as a cementing binder of concrete intended for construction of marine structures.

The effectiveness of two corrosion inhibitors; Migrating Corrosion Inhibitor (MCI) and

Hycrete chemical admixture (HCA), were evaluated, by applying long-term rebar corrosion

monitoring system in for reinforced concrete, and by adopting electrochemical corrosion

testing techniques. The evaluations were performed on two concrete mixtures of varying

water-to-cement ratios; w/c of 0.4 to 0.6 with regular steel rebars. The monitoring study

was performed in the laboratory and on research field sites of the Kuwait Institute for

Scientific Research (KISR) and Kuwait Oil Company (KOC). This study is an attempt by KOC’s

specialists and engineers to prequalify two chemical inhibitors as corrosion protection

agents to be used in construction of their marine structures.

Keywords: Chloride-induced corrosion, steel reinforcement, Hycrete, Migrating Corrosion

Inhibitor , electrochemical corrosion testing

Performance Based Approach for the Lab Scale Preparation of Sustainable Blended Cement Using Natural Pozzolana

S. Al-Fadala*, J. Chakkamalayath, S. Al-Bahar, A. Al-Aibani, and S. Ahmed

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Centre,Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait *Corresponding author:

Sharifa Al-Fadala, sfadala@kisr.edu.kw, Ph. +96524989299-

Abstract:

The use of blended cement promotes sustainability in construction due to a reduction in

the CO2 emission and a reduction of thermal energy consumption per ton of produced

cement, in comparison to that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Natural sources of

cement clinker materials are limited in the gulf region, and cement industry imports the

raw materials for the OPC production resulting in an increase in the greenhouse gas

effect due to the CO2 emissions generated from transportation. This paper presents an

experimental study to evaluate the properties of natural pozzolana (NP), volcanic ash

(VA) available in the region and to produce and characterize blended cement utilizing

VA on a laboratory scale. A regional source of NP was identified and complete analysis

and characterization of NP was performed. Binary blended cement was prepared in the

laboratory by replacing cement with VA (20 µm) in four different percentages by mass

of the blended cement. Results showed that even though VA samples of 20 µm satisfied

the chemical requirement, it did not satisfy the requirement of activity index with OPC

(minimum 75%), and hence the collected samples may not be suitable for producing the

blended cement with OPC according to the specifications given by ASTM C595 (2014).

Hence, it was decided to evaluate the properties of blended cement samples against

the performance specifications ASTM C1157 (2011). Promising results were obtained for

blends with the percentages of VA replacement varying from 10 to 30%. Also, guidelines

were developed based on the present study for the use of VA in the production of blended

cement based on the international standards.

Keywords: Blended cement, Volcanic ash, Activity index, CO2 emission

Construction and Building Materials - Program Strategy for Sustainable Solutions

S. Al Bahar*

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center,Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait.

*Corresponding author: Suad Al-Bahar; sbahar@kisr.edu.kw , Ph. +96524989138 ,24989355-

Abstract:

The Construction and Building Materials program (CBM), has been established at

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research as a front foundation for development and

implementation of research and science in composite materials and construction systems

through collaborative efforts with the building industry and its establishments. The

program mission is focused on providing technical support and participating in policy

development to improve construction practices and promote sustainable and green

alternative solutions for Kuwait and similar severe exposure environments in the region.

The main aim of the program is to provide the building industry in Kuwait and the

Gulf region with research studies, testing protocols, upgraded code of practices and

specifications, materials characterizations and certification.

To embark upon tackling the outstanding challenges of the increased shortages and

scarcity of quality raw materials to resolve the lack of confidence in the new material

technologies in order to meet the demands of the building industry for the year 2020,

the CBM program has identified three solution areas to deal with the national challenges

facing Kuwait, which can be described as; (a) to develop, optimize and monitor the

concrete and pavement construction technologies, (b) to develop and promote efficient

guidelines on recycling and the applications of the recyclable materials in construction,

and (c) to characterize and conduct performance assessment studies on composite and

advanced materials, to maximize the life, serviceability, safety and sustainability of

infrastructure and buildings.

Keywords: Sustainability, Guidelines, Green Solutions, Recycling, Characterization,

Construction, Building Materials

Innovative Technology for Industrial Waste Management

S. Al-Bahar M. Abdulsalam and J. Chakkamalayath

Construction and Building Materials Program, Energy and Building Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait

*Corresponding author: Suad Al-Bahar; sbahar@kisr.edu.kw, Ph. +96524989138 ,24989355-

Abstract:

Management of disposed industrial wastes has been one of the top priorities of every environmental protection agencies and one of the most complex challenge facing modern societies. Indeed, the increasing quantities of waste generated due to human natural and industrial activities, of which some are toxic and hazardous, represents a serious threat to human beings as well as to the environment. Therefore the recycling industry is becoming one of the most vital industries in mankind society, not only to protect the health and safety of our environment, but most importantly to ration the use of our natural resources which are increasingly depleting, by partial or complete substitution with recycled products to guarantee the sustainability of raw materials to meet the needs of all industries. In Kuwait, especially, where natural resources are scares and diminishing, building materials industry is faced with serious situation that could only be addressed through either relying on imported raw materials, which is not steadily guaranteed, or exploitation of recycled wastes such as recycled building rubbles and industrial waste to compensate for the future shortages in essential material demands. This paper will shed the light generally on various techniques applied for recycling several industrial wastes for applications in pavement and concrete industries and will describe in details a practical method for containment and applications of the oil contaminated soils. The oil well fires have, and up to now, caused detrimental and agonizing environmental problem to The State of Kuwait since the 1990’s. The environmental damages inflicted on Kuwait deserts fauna and flora and on the wildlife, have led the United Nations directive for enforcing environment health monitoring and the treatment of oil contaminated soils. In Kuwait desert, since the 1990s, there are over 60 million cubic meters of oil contaminated sand, spread over various locations in the Kuwaiti desert. The main objective of this study is to test and qualify a containment system that consist of fly ash material with specific characteristics to be mixed in concrete mortar mixture form with the contaminated sand and used as construction material for precast concrete elements or rigid pavement. Mechanical and performance tests carried out on building elements were satisfactory and have qualified this containment system as method of rehabilitation and application of recycled industrial wastes.

Keywords: Industrial Wastes, Recycling, Encapsulate Contaminated Materials, Leaching

of Contaminants, Immobilization of Hazard Waste, Fly ash

Methods to Control Cracking in Mass Concrete for Bridge Abutments

Al Jabri, K.S., Hago, A.W., Hassan, H.F., and Mohamedzein, Y.

Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

Abstract:

All concretes generate heat as the cementitious materials hydrate. Most of this heat

generation occurs in the first day after placement. For thin structural elements such as

beams, heat dissipates as quickly as it is generated. For thicker concrete elements such

as bridge abutments (mass concrete), heat dissipates more slowly than it is generated.

This mass concrete can get hot. This can cause thermal cracking if it is not controlled

properly. This paper investigates the causes of cracking in bridge abutments during

the construction of a highway in Oman in winter. A diagnostic study was conducted

to determine the causes of the problem. Results of the investigation revealed that the

cracking of the bridge abutments occurred due to thermal shock caused by the severe

drop of ambient temperature and the early exposure of the concrete surface to it. The

study also proposed methods to control cracking in such situations.

Flexural Strength of Improperly Moist Cured Slabs Cast Under Hot Weather Conditions

K.S. Nouh, Y.T. Alrefaei and K.N. Rahal

Civil Engineering Department, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwaitemail of corresponding author: khaldoun.rahal@ku.edu.kw

Fax: +965 2481 7524; Phone: +965 2481 7240

Abstract:

The structural system used in the construction of the floors of residential houses in Kuwait

is typically two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs supported on beams. Floors cast during

the hot summers suffer in many cases from inadequate moist curing. This research aims

at studying the effects of inadequate moist curing on the flexural behavior of reinforced

concrete (RC) slabs cast during severe hot weather conditions (HWC). Three RC slabs

and field-cured cylinders and cubes were cast and cured under peak temperatures as

high as 50 degrees C, relative humidity as low as 6%, and relatively strong winds. One

of the slabs was control specimens which was cast and cured under lab conditions. The

slabs were tested in a four-point loading setup to study their flexural behavior. The

experimental results showed a general reduction in the properties of the concrete cast

and cured outdoors, especially the concrete which did not receive adequate moist curing.

The flexural strengths of the outdoor cured slabs were weaker than those of the lab-

cured slabs by 25% and 29%. In addition, sharp decreases in the flexural stiffness were

observed. Cores drilled from slabs cast outdoors and not cured with moisture were weaker

than those from the lab-cured control slab by as much as 39%. However, considering

the reduction in strengths of the drilled cores and the field-cured cylinders and cubes

in the calculations did not lead to capturing the observed reductions in of the flexural

strength and deformations. The calculations of the flexure theory remained conservative

for all slabs. However, strain hardening in the tension reinforcement was one of the

contributors to this conservatism.

Keywords: flexure, hot weather concreting, moist curing, reinforced concrete, stiffness,

strength

Fatigue of Welded Connections in Offshore Platforms

Hisham Abdel-Fattah*and Ahmed I. Khalil**

*Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait **National Petroleum Construction Company (NPCC), Abu-Dhabi, UAE

Abstract:

The fatigue life of a welded tubular joint in a Wellhead offshore platform is investigated.

The design of offshore structures in general is an accumulative process in which the designer

has to design the structure for all anticipated stages of the project from construction to

final installation. Before the platform becomes operational, all the joints will have to be

checked for fatigue caused by continuous exposure of the structure to sea waves of a

cyclic nature. In many cases members will have to be resized to accommodate the fatigue

design requirements. However, increasing the size of the members will increase the self-

weight of the structure thus increasing the cost and will subject it to a higher exposure

to sea waves. In this study, the fatigue life for a welded joint in a Wellhead offshore

platform is studied for optimum design. The variables studied are mainly the diameter

and the thickness of brace and chord members. The study shows that the optimum ratio

for brace diameter to the chord member diameter is 0.3 to 0.35. The study also shows

that increasing the ratio of thickness of chord members to thickness of brace members

increases the joint fatigue life.

Efficiency of Using CWP as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete “ Judged by Measured Properties”

Dima Mamoun Kanaan and Amr S. El Dieb

Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

(Email: 200734835@uaeu.ac.ae, amr.eldieb@uaeu.ac.ae)

Abstract:

The vast use of resources towards meeting the consumers’ inquiries leads to the continual

increase of industrial wastes, which is considered one of the most critical worldwide

environmental problems. In addition to the increasing restrictions on landfills, to dispose

industrial waste, a reusing and recycling system may be the preferable solution. Concrete

is considered the most widely used material worldwide in the construction industry. On

the other hand, in the cement industry, production of Portland cement initiates significant

amount of CO2 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several solid wastes are being used

successfully as partial replacement of cement in the production of concrete. The recycling

and utilization of ceramic wastes (i.e. particles and powder) in concrete and mortar have

attracted the attention of several researchers. Ceramic waste powder material (CWP)

obtained as a residue after the manufacture of ceramic tiles is deposited in landfills.

Dumped CWP will affect the environment through pollution to soil, air and groundwater.

The utilization of CWP will produce major benefits such as help protect the environment,

achieve sustainable development and become a cheaper but almost equivalent to other

SCM already used in concrete industry. The objective of this study was examining the

possibility of reusing CWP as an alternative ingredient to cement in making concrete as

SCM. In this paper, the properties of fresh and hardened concrete mixtures (i.e. slump,

slump loss, setting time, compressive strength and durability) incorporating CWP as SCM

with different substitution levels were investigated. Obtained results confirmed that

CWP improves slump retention, moderately increases setting time as well as compressive

strength, and modifies the microstructure of concrete mixtures. Overall, CWP might be

utilized effectively as SCM in concrete.

Keywords: Ceramic waste powder (CWP); Recycling, Strength; Supplementary Cementing

Material (SCM); Recycling; Sustainable development.

Theme Category: Recycling and sustainable building materials.

Properties of high-performance self-compacting concrete with recycled ceramic waste powder

Sama T. Aly1, Amr S. EL-Dieb2 and Mahmoud M. Reda Taha3

1, 2 Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates Univ., UAE (E-mail: 200935093@uaeu.ac.ae, amr.eldieb@uaeu.ac.ae)

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of New Mexico, USA (E-mail: mrtaha@unm.edu)

Abstract:

The increase in amounts of solid waste materials produced as a result of several industrial

activities in different sectors recently had raised various measures to control and regulate

its environmental impact, and to save the exhausted landfill capacities. Therefore, as a

contribution towards the agenda of sustainable waste management, recycling of these by-

products is becoming a global trend. This will not only save on the natural raw resources,

but will also have a positive impact on the environment as a whole. Self-compacting

concrete (SCC) is widely known for its ease in filling formworks with a very low blocking

resistance between reinforcement. During its design, great attention is allocated towards

achieving cohesiveness and limiting segregation through the incorporation of super

plasticizers, viscosity modifying admixtures, and slight adjustments to the conventional

concrete mixes’ fine materials content. Utilization of ceramic waste powder (CWP) in the

construction and building industry as a partial replacement for cement will play a significant

role in energy conservation and generation of CO2. Due to the CWP’s fine particles’ size

and its chemical composition that includes more than 80% silicon and aluminum oxides

which indicates possible reactivity, it is considered a very good candidate to be used as

filler in SCC. In this study, the effect of CWP as a filler in high performance SCC mixtures

is being investigated. The influence of the filler on both fresh and hardened properties

(flowability, segregation, blocking resistance, strength, and chloride permeability)

is studied. Results show that with the inclusion of CWP, the fresh properties and the

compressive strength are enhanced up to a certain replacement level. While, durability

characteristics are significantly improved by the incorporation of CWP. The content of

CWP is determined to optimize fresh and hardened concrete properties as required.

Keywords: Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP); Filler; Recycling; Self-Compacting Concrete

(SCC).

Theme category: Recycling and Sustainable Building Materials.

Efficiency of Using CWP as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete “ Judged by Measured Properties”

Dima Mamoun Kanaan and Amr S. El Dieb

Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

(Email: 200734835@uaeu.ac.ae, amr.eldieb@uaeu.ac.ae)

Abstract:

The vast use of resources towards meeting the consumers’ inquiries leads to the continual

increase of industrial wastes, which is considered one of the most critical worldwide

environmental problems. In addition to the increasing restrictions on landfills, to dispose

industrial waste, a reusing and recycling system may be the preferable solution. Concrete

is considered the most widely used material worldwide in the construction industry. On

the other hand, in the cement industry, production of Portland cement initiates significant

amount of CO2 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several solid wastes are being used

successfully as partial replacement of cement in the production of concrete. The recycling

and utilization of ceramic wastes (i.e. particles and powder) in concrete and mortar have

attracted the attention of several researchers. Ceramic waste powder material (CWP)

obtained as a residue after the manufacture of ceramic tiles is deposited in landfills.

Dumped CWP will affect the environment through pollution to soil, air and groundwater.

The utilization of CWP will produce major benefits such as help protect the environment,

achieve sustainable development and become a cheaper but almost equivalent to other

SCM already used in concrete industry. The objective of this study was examining the

possibility of reusing CWP as an alternative ingredient to cement in making concrete as

SCM. In this paper, the properties of fresh and hardened concrete mixtures (i.e. slump,

slump loss, setting time, compressive strength and durability) incorporating CWP as SCM

with different substitution levels were investigated. Obtained results confirmed that

CWP improves slump retention, moderately increases setting time as well as compressive

strength, and modifies the microstructure of concrete mixtures. Overall, CWP might be

utilized effectively as SCM in concrete.

Keywords: Ceramic waste powder (CWP); Recycling, Strength; Supplementary Cementing

Material (SCM); Recycling; Sustainable development.

Theme Category: Recycling and sustainable building materials.

SHEAR STRENGTH OF BEAMS MADE USING HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES

By:

Yazan Al-Refaei, Khaldoun Rahal and Mohamed Maalej

Abstract:

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of the behavior of beams

made using Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HFRCC). The hybridization

was achieved by a combination of different volume fractions of steel (ST) and polyethylene

(PE) fibers, while maintaining a total fiber volume fraction at 2%. A total of 5 beams in

addition to standard 100×200 mm cylinders and 100 mm cubes were cast and tested to

failure. The longitudinally reinforced beams were 80x250x1700 mm in dimensions and

were tested under a three-point loading setup at a span to depth ratio of 3. It is shown

that HFRCC was effective in increasing the shear strength by up to 8 times relative to the

non-fibrous matrix. In addition, the use of HFRCC improved the ductility of the beam and

led to a shift in the mode of failure to a relatively ductile failure as the ultimate load was

achieved after the yielding of the longitudinal bars. The hybridization combination which

resulted in the highest strength was 1% of each of the two types of fibers.

Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Sulfate Durability and Heat of Hydration

Victor Tran(a), Jeremy Castello(a), N. Shanahan(a) and A. Zayed(a)

Abstract:

Mineral admixtures are used today in almost all concrete mixtures to improve concrete

fresh and hardened properties, as well as enhance durability. In this study, two mineral

admixtures of high alumina content were investigated, Class F fly ash (FA) and granulated

blast-furnace slag (BFS), together with a Type I/II portland cement. The objective of this

study is to assess the effects of commonly used mineral admixtures on the durability of

the cementitious system. Two durability issues were addressed; namely, the potential of

the cementitious system to generate heat and sulfate attack. The properties studied here

included heat of hydration (HOH) measurements using isothermal conduction calorimetry

and expansion on exposure to a sodium sulfate solution. X-ray diffraction was used to

characterize the as-received materials and explain failure trends.

The findings of this study indicate that incorporation of FA or BFS decreased the total

heat of hydration of the system. However, BFS affected the sulfate depletion peak for the

cementitious mixture. On sulfate exposure, BFS mixtures disintegrated before 180 days

due to excessive ettringite formation and secondary gypsum while FA mixtures sustained

better performance than the control mixture. The study indicates the importance of

assessing the potential interaction of any portland cement-mineral admixture combination

prior to use in applications were thermal and/or sulfate durability is of concern.

Prediction of depth of carbonation from accelerated carbonation conditions

Shaik Hussain, Dipendu Bhunia, S.B Singh

Abstract:

This paper deals with the prediction of depth of carbonation from the accelerated

carbonation conditions. In this study three water binder ratios of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.65 are

used to design a concrete mix and test them for depth of carbonation using phenolphthalein

indicator for 1 year. These values are further used to find out the coefficient of carbonation

and predict the depth of carbonation under natural conditions using Fick’s laws of

diffusion and are compared to the values obtained from non-destructive testing done on

60 year old buildings in India.

Keywords: Coefficient of carbonation, depth of carbonation, Fick’s laws of diffusion, non

destructive testing

Abstract:

This paper deals with the prediction of depth of carbonation from the accelerated

carbonation conditions. In this study three water binder ratios of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.65 are

used to design a concrete mix and test them for depth of carbonation using phenolphthalein

indicator for 1 year. These values are further used to find out the coefficient of carbonation

and predict the depth of carbonation under natural conditions using Fick’s laws of

diffusion and are compared to the values obtained from non-destructive testing done on

60 year old buildings in India.

Keywords: Coefficient of carbonation, depth of carbonation, Fick’s laws of diffusion, non

destructive testing

Effect of Drilling on Compressive and Tensile Strength of Drilled Concrete Cores

Khalad Elsayed

Civil Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Khaldoun Rahal

Civil Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Abstract:

Inadequate curing of concrete during hot weather concreting (HWC) has detrimental

effects on the properties of the concrete. Cores are drilled from suspect concrete to

evaluate its in-situ properties. Evaluation of the results from drilled cores is difficult

because of the numerous factors which affect them. The effects of these factors are not

fully understood, and they are not included in the code provisions for the evaluations.

This paper reports the results of an experimental study of the effects of drilling and of

inadequate curing on the strength of drilled cores. It is shown that the drilling operation

caused the cores to be weaker than the insert cylindrical samples by 16% to 20%. It is

also shown that the inadequate curing caused a reduction of the compressive and tensile

strengths of cores by as much as 30% and 25%, respectively.

Durability of concrete incorporating crushed dolomite fillerBy

Moetaz El-Hawary1 and Khallad Nouh2

1 Associate Professor, Kuwait University, P.O.Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait2 Graduate Student, Kuwait University, P.O.Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait,

Abstract:

The utilization of indigenous fillers is gaining popularity as a practical method to improve

concrete sustainability. A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate and compare

between concretes produced using ordinary Portland cement and cement partially replaced

by ground dolomite, available in Kuwait. Different ratios of dolomite (0,10,20,30%)

were utilized to investigate strength and durability properties of resulting concretes.

Compressive strength, tensile strength, shrinkage, permeability, absorption, and Alkali-

Silica Reaction of resulting concrete were evaluated and compared. In general, it was

found that the introduction of up to 30% of dolomite as cement replacement will greatly

improve sustainability with tolerable effects on concrete properties and durability. The

use of 10% fillers improve sustainability, tensile strength, shrinkage resistance, chloride

penetration, alkali silica resistance while slightly reduce compressive strength and increase

absorption.

Aspects Of Structural Design On Recent High-Rise Projects In The GCC

Abdulhamid Darwish, Deputy President, KEOIC;

David Ross, Corporate Director of Structural Engineering, KEOIC;

Adel Mousa, Deputy Head of Structural Engineering, KEOIC

Abstract:

High-rise buildings are becoming more prominent now due to the scarcity of land and the

increasing demand for business and residential space. The Gulf has a significant number

of tall buildings and there has been an increasing demand for construction activity in

this region. The objective of this paper is to present few examples of high-rise building

design carried out by KEOIC in the GCC. It focusses on the local design considerations and

significant structural highlights of recently completed high-rise projects.

ARCHITECTURE FIRM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT FIRM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

INFRASTRUCTURE FIRMIN THE MIDDLE EAST #01 #01 #04

W O R L D A R C H I T E C T U R E 2 0 1 6 R A N K I N G S

ARCHITECTS . ENGINEERS . PLANNERS . PROJECT & CONSTRUCTION MANAGERSABU DHABI . AJMAN . AL AIN . BAHRAIN . DUBAI . JORDAN . KUWAIT . LEBANON . OMAN . QATAR . SAUDI ARABIA

INFO@KEOIC.COM WWW.KEOIC.COM

Pace are a leading architecturally-led multi-disciplinary design practice, based

in Kuwait and with a presence in Bahrain, Iraq, Djibouti, Tunisia and Saudi

Arabia. Pace have completed over 1,300 commercial, governmental, residential,

recreational and educational projects, not only in Kuwait, but worldwide.

We are currently delivering projects across the GCC, UAE and Africa. Notable

amongst these are the Avenues shopping centre, the biggest tourist destination

in Kuwait; the vital infrastructure developments of Jamal Abdul Nasser Street and

Jahra Road; the new Jahra Hospital, one of the largest healthcare development

projects in the region, and the restoration of and extension to the Kuwait National

Museum.

Other landmark projects delivered by Pace such as Central Bank of Kuwait

Headquarters, Arraya Tower and Kuwait Business Town are now recognised,

iconic elements of Kuwait’s skyline.

We are now the region’s leading exponents of Fast Track design and construction,

and are currently employing this expertise at the Assima mixed-use development,

the Jahra and Farwaniya Court Complexes and Phase 4 of the Avenues mall.

Pace offers the region a truly complete multidisciplinary offering housed in one

building, bringing significant advantages to our clients in Kuwait and beyond.

Our unique design approach and our willingness, where appropriate, to challenge

the brief is different to our competitors in the region. It is of the utmost importance

for us to maintain the highest calibre in our designs with an innovative twist.

Insha’a : Insha’a Holding Company was established in October 2005 to meet the increasing demand on building and construction materials, mainly the business of the company is focused on investment in manufacturing and supplying building and construction material. Inshaa Holding works in accordance with the provisions of the tolerant Islamic Sharia’a. This gives the company a great incentive for development, commitment and authenticity.The company invests the resources of its subsidiaries efficiently in to achieve all its commitments and support them to be a pioneer in their field of business. Insha’a Holding company aims to be a pioneer through the creative management, using technology, advanced methods and committing to provide products with high quality. The company also seeks to exploit the promising investment opportunity in the sector of manufacturing and trading construction materials in the local market and also through the expansion in GCC countries, Middle East and International markets. This can be achieved by establishing new factories or acquiring influential shares in building and construction materials companies.

Bayan :Bayan Establishment Co. was established in 2006, as a company specialized in production and supply of all types of washed and treated soil according to international standards and specifications.Bayan Establishment Co. is one of the best companies that conduct treatment of sand and soil in the local market.The company supplies all types of soil ( washed sands,gatch soil, agricultural soil and fine sand ) .Bayan Establishment Co. is a leading company in this industry operating under the umbrella of Insha’a Holding Co. that provides the company with support and expertise in management .

Boubyan :Bubiyan Ready Mixed Concrete Company has served the construction industry’s needs since 2005.As one of the major suppliers in the State of Kuwait, Bubiyan Ready Mix operate one of the top notch plant in the region, utilizing batching plants with production capacity of 200 m³/hr. of wet mix concrete, 37 mixer trucks, 4 mobile pumps (52 m & 42 m), 2 fixed stationary pumps (400 m) and other supporter machines to produce approximately one third of a million cubic meter of concrete annually. The Intelligent design of the plant used the most spaces to the fullest and manned by 100 highly trained employees.Bubiyan Ready Mix excels at surpassing our clients expectations for delivering a superior product on-time and with high quality. Our experienced associates combined with the latest technology and equipment, go the extra mile in producing quality products while respecting safety and environmental needs.

Sandco :Sandco Company Established in 1997 is one of Insha’a Holding companies specialized in extracting and treatment of natural sand , Our production includes all types of soil ( washed sands,gatch soil, agricultural soil and fine sand ).We rewarded with ISO 9001 quality certificate in 2006, Sandco operates advanced stations with high quality and productivity to supply the market demand in all type of sand grade.

Epo : EPO GULF SPECIALITIES Company was established in 2010 as one of Insha’a Holding companies’ subsidiary, specialized in manufacturing. Construction chemicals. It exist expert position in building trade with products, restoration, reinforcement, corrosion prevention, and InsulationEPO GULF Specialties is partner Middle East for EPO CONSTRUCTION CHEMICAL Turkey, which was established in 2001 in Gebze. It takes Part in the Construction Chemicals sector with its 20 years expert team. EPO GULF SPECIALITIES manufacture and supplies Cement Admixtures, Concrete Admixtures, Concrete and Steel Protective, Mortar Admixtures, Repair Mortars, Repair Concretes, Grout Mortars, Epoxy Mortars, Epoxy Coatings, Carbon Fiber Strengthen Products and Various Construction chemicals.

Kuwait Towers Factory : Kuwait Tower Factory, which is a branch of Combined Construction Company, was established in 2006, with an initial paid capital of 250,000 KWD. This capital was increased to 1,000,000 KWD.The company is currently a subsidiary of Inshaa Holding Company, and is presently embarking on a new and exciting era for Combined Construction Company, this is because we have Recently Merged with Inshaa Holding Company and this we hope will advance our product into the next Generation of pre-fab concrete Blocks for the new age. Using the latest Machines and Technologies, we intend to become one of Kuwait’s major and most recognized interlock and paving companies by managing the industries needs as well as our products ingeniously. KTF will ensure this with an emphasis on time of delivery, as well as quality of end products, thinking strategically in regards to the development of both our products and machinery and most importantly our valued Employees.Currently KTF have three production lines to produce Interlock blocks, which outputs 8 different shapes and thicknesses. We also have 2 more production lines to produce our Curbstone and 40x40 concrete tiles that consist of 5 different shapes and thicknesses.

Since 1961 and for more than 50 years, SSH has played a leading role in

shaping the built environment and infrastructure of the modern Middle

East. Currently, SSH employs over 1,000 people with offices in Abu Dhabi,

Algeria, Bahrain, Dubai, Iraq, Kuwait, London, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia

and South Africa.

SSH is one of the leading master planning, infrastructure, building design,

construction supervision and project management firms in the Middle East,

with a reputation for design integrity and a portfolio that includes some

of the landmark projects in the region. We have completed more than

1,000 projects and are ranked 3rd in the Middle East by World Architecture

Magazine and amongst the top 100 Architects in the World.

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