oral cavity pharynx oesophagus small intestine large intestine rectum & anal canal ...
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Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Small Intestine
Large intestine
Rectum & Anal canal
ACCESSORY ORGANS Salivary glands Liver Pancreas Biliary tract Spleen
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Vestibule – between gums and cheek
Oral cavity proper – within teeth
Hard and Soft palate
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
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Attached to hyoid bone in its base
Anteriorly – Frenulum
Blood supply – Lingual Artery
Nerve supply Anterior 2/3 : Taste – Facial (VII) Sensory –
Lingual (V) Posterior 1/3 : Taste & Sensory –
Glossopharyngeal (IX) Motor for tongue muscles – Hypoglossal (XII)
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JAW INCISORS CANINE PREMOLARS
MOLARS TOTAL
DECIDUOUS TEETH
8 4 - 8 20PERMANENT TEETH
8 4 8 12 32
Teeth are embedded in sockets of mandible
In children – Deciduous teeth – begins at 6 months
In Adults – Permanent teeth – begins at 6 years
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3 Major salivary glands1. Parotid 2. Submandibular3. Sublingual
FUNCTION Digestion Lubrication Defence Taste
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Divided into 3 parts
Nasopharynx ▪ Respiration
Oropharynx ▪ Swallowing &
respiration
Laryngopharynx ▪ Respiration
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25 cm - behind trachea
Continuous with oropharynx
Passes through diaphragm at T10 level
Esophageal sphincter Upper – cricopharynx Lower – Physiological
(prevent reflux)
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Abdomen is divided into 9 quadrants
Vertical plane Mid clavicular
Horizontal planes Transpyloric Transtubercular
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J shaped
Location Epigastric Umbilical Left hypochondriac
PARTS (See diagram )
Blood supply Gastric A. Gastroepiploic A.
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Little over 5 meters
Divided into Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
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25 cms
Curves around head of pancreas
4 parts
Duodenal papilla Secretions from bile
duct & pancreas
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JEJUNUM 2 meters
ILEUM 3 meters Ends in ileocecal
valve
Presence of Permanent circular
folds Villi Peyer’s patches
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1.5 meters long
Divided into Caecum & appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon
Presence of Taenia coli Appendices
epiploicae Haustrations
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RECTUM Continuous with
sigmoid colon Dilated segment
ANAL CANAL 3.8 cm Controlled by
sphincters▪ Internal – involuntary▪ External – voluntary
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Divided into Head Neck Body Tail
Location Epigastric Left hypochondrium
Major and minor pancreatic duct
Major duct joins with common biliary duct and opens into duodenal papillae
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Largest gland
Location Right hypochondrium Epigastrium Left hypochondrium
Lobes Right / Left Caudate / Quadrate
Portal fissure Portal vein Hepatic artery Hepatic duct
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Pear shape
Posterior surface of liver
Parts Fundus Body Cystic duct
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Location Left hypochondrium
Blood supply Splenic Artery
Functions Storage of blood Destruction of old
cells Contains lymphocytes Hemopoiesis