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JOURNAL OF THE AFRICAN-AID

YOn., IV.; No. 38.] LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1864.

THE CO HPANY OF AFRICAN HEI CHANTS,OA~ITAL--£400,000, in 40;000 Sha~s of £10 oaoh,

WITH POWER TO INOREASE.

SOCIETY.

PUBLISKgD ~O~THLY :Subs~pt~on, ~. p~ Annum

LImiTED.

DIRECTORS.WM. DENT, Esq., Chairman of the Thames and Mersey insurance I J" ASPINALL TOBIN, ESQ. (,Messrs. Tues. Toms and Sos),Cha~r-

man or the Liverpool and London Insurance Company, Liverpool.Company, Lona0m .

"I L. GRUNING, E~. (Messm. FRED. HUTH aud Co.}, Liverlmon

ARCHIBALD HAMILTON, Esq. Ofes~. S~CL.~n, HA:~ILrOS, L. LANGWORTI:IY, ESQ., Manchester.and Co), London. " R. RUMNEY, Esq., 5Iauchester. "

A. CABTELLAIN, Esq. (Messrs. F~v. Hux~ and Co.), Liverpool.MANAQINQ DIRECTOR.

J. ASPINALL TOBIN. ESQ., Walmer-buildings, Water-street, Liverpool.BANKERS.

THE ~NCE BANK OF LONDON; LIVERPOOL, AND MAI~OHESTER.

17~ C~ftal of fMa Corn2any ~ ~e.m fully 8u~er*’6~ "

Up to the present time comparatively li~o has been done to do~etop the resource~ ~f Western Africa. Trade there ismerely in its infanoy; but the Directgrs ofthis Company.believe that it may soon be made mosYvaluable to Great Britain.

In 1827, the value el BrRhh an~l tTo~gu Goods exported from the United Kingdom to the.... . . . £I55,759West~O~.._at :~tr~oa. ~’~ts . 410,798

In 1840, " " "’k " 890,216

" ~ 1860, ..,, " " "

The total a~tual value of imp#r~s from Africa into the UMted Kingdom for the six years,18~8 to 1861 inclusive. £9,804,366

(being the late~t 0I~eial return), amounted to .... . 1,4"66 tons.In 1818, the import of Palm Oil into England from Africa was.. ; " . " 3,828 ,,In 1823, ,, " 8,164 .In 1881, ,, " 19,853,,’In 1841, ,, " 40,216,,In 1860, " "

This increase in one article, Palm-oil, though large, is trifling when compared with the resources of Western Africa, while

many articles equally or more important and abundant have been totally neglected, or have only very recently received atten~on.The Directors am convinced that, by a judicious encouragement of, and co-operstion with, native traders and persons resident

on the Coast, the imports of Palm.oil may be greatly increased, and also that other most’valuable products, hitherto disregarded, mayb~ made a source of wealth both to Afl-icans and to this Company. Cotton, Yibre~, Palm.nut :Kernels, Pea Nuts, Oil Seed, Coffee,:Pepper, Ginger, Grain, India Rubber, Gums, Dyes, Beeswax, Ebony, Copper Ore, end other Minerals, are all articles that.AMen can

supply in largo quantities.The Company is prepared to receive consignments of produce for sale in England, and to purchase and ship goods in return,

and generally to transact business on commis~on against credits or good security. The Company’s large fleet of vessels will offer~at facilities to shippers, add secure rapid returns. Goods can be delivered at the various small towns on the Coast with th~

greatest regularity, and at moderate rates of freight.The ample resources of the Company guarantee to African. shippers the highest possible price for their consign-

meats, and that purchases will be made for them on the most favourabto terms (the large amount of goods purcha.~ed by thisCompany from the leading manufacturers of all afiides suitable for the African Tra~o will enable them to buy such goods on farmote advantageous terms than could otherwhe he looked for), while the business will be conducted on such equitable principles as

to foster and encourage the devdogmeat of African resources.Business will be transacted both in London and Liverpool. For further particulars, and 0u business generally, address Ja.~dms

As~A~ To~, E-~l., ~£anag~g Director of the Company of African l[erchants, Limited (at the Ot~ees of the Company),

Walmer.buildirg~, Water.~reet, IAve~0l.

p

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2O THE AFRICAN TIMES. [Auovsr 23, 1864’CONTENTS¯

PAGEThe W~t Coast of Africa .........20River Gambia .....................20Sierra Ix-or c ........................20Sherboro .............................21liber/a ..............................21’The late Ashantec War .........2iGold Coast ...........................22Lutes ..Sierr~ L~o,J"I~’~i~i~i~:~i~i: 33bitten Fun4 ....................2tSubscriptions to the AttAin-Aid. Society since May 23 ......24

General Observations ............24Eastern Africa ....................24

PAGEGoAl ~t Affairs .................’25Female Dtucation at Cape Coast 25Cape Coast Castle Native Female~hool, Gold Coast, "W. Afric.~ 25

Adrainistratiolt of Justice--Tar.rible Revelations ...............26Letter ¢f Governor D’Arcy tothe Kings and Chiefs of theGambia .......... 07

c,r~ or Goes Hor~..:::::::"": ~ZRapid Ste~ Voyage ..........::::. ~rParliamentary Intelligence ......28Sierra Leone Exhibition ........."-)8:Navigation of the River Niger 28

WEST COAST OF AFRICA.YI:ITHDI~AP,’AZ OF ThE nRi’rlsn ~EooPs FROM THE ASHA.NIEE

Yhe African Company’s steamer Calabar, from the West Coas~of Africa, arrived at Liverpoolon Tuesday, the9thinst. She ]e~Benin, June 26th; Fernando Pc, July let; Cameroons, 2nd; OldCalabar, 4th ; Brass River, 6th ; Bonny, 7th ; Late% 10th; Aecra,12th; Cape Coast Castle, 14th; Cape Palmas, 16th; SierraLeone, 21sti Bathurst, 25th; Teneriffe, 30th; and Madeira,August let. She brings 900 ounces of gold dust. Among herpa~engers is Governor Freeman, of Lagos.The news from the rivers has no general interest.All the British troops have been withdrawn from the Ashantee

frontier. There is quite a consternation among the native chiefsin consequence of the late instructions from England.The small-pox prevailed at Eernando Pc.An outrage has lately been committed in Benin River. The

natives have taken an agent (Mr. Hinesen) out of his factoryand. flogged him, likewi~ wounding and ill-treating his coopers.The matter has been left in Commodore Wilmot’s hands.All the attempts of Governor Freeman, of Lagos, to obtain an

interview with the chiefs of Abeokuta, ~vith a view to bringabout a more friendly feeling between the two places, have beenunsuccessful. The coast, from Cape St. Paul to 3achli~, wasstrictly blockaded by the crui~rs Sparrow, Jaseur, Ranger,Speedwell, Zebra, Antelope, and ~attlesnake, to prevent asteamer~ (already twice chased unsuccessfully by the Pandora)from shipping slaves; she is evidently much faster than anycrui~r on the coast, excepting the Rattlesnake. Trade at Lagosvery dull, and the roads from the interior still stopped. Bosigns of peace..~.M_.S. Gladiator, with the transport Waubejeez in tow,

arrived at Sierra Leone on July 18th to coal, and sailed on the20lh for Cape Coast Castle, to remove troops.The foundation of a new church, dedicated to St. Peter and St.

James, was laid at Bathurst, on the 9th July, by the Bishop ofSierra Leone, in the presence eta large number of European andnative resid eats.The Liverpool ship Lincluden Castle, registered 960 tons,

Captain J’. M. Douglas, and laden with coals for Government,got wrecked on the 5th instant, near Rockcess, Liberia, WestCoast of Africa; she is a total wreck, but no lives were lost.’the passengers by the Calabar were: Mr. Roberts, from Old Cola-bar; Governor Freeman, Mr. ~Valker, Mr. Davies, Mr. Maxwell,Mr. Actium, Mr. Brown, Mr. Ashcroft, Captain Thorn, and Mr.Lowden from Lagos; Mrs. Lyal], Mr. kshmore, :Mrs. Edmunds,and three children, Lieutenant Franks, and ,qergeant Gibsonfrom Aecra; Dr. Lueke, Captain Quill, Captain Knapp, Lieu-tenant Car)-, Lieutenant Lowry, Lieutenant Pilcher, LieutenantSmithwick, Sergeant Thorue, Sergeant Gibson, and SergeantBarrett, from Cape Coast Castle; Mr. IIall and Mr. Sampsonfrom Cape Palmas; Dr. Thomas, Mrs. Beale, M. Ouimbertean,3I. Lacerate, Mr. Field, 3[r. Staniforth Levi, Mr. Lumkin,and Sergeant West end Mrs. ~ eat from Sierra Leone ; Mr. Evans,Mr. Brown, Mr. Quin, Roy. J. Dotan, Lieutenant Keene, Dr.Verdon, :Mr. Cheetham, Mr. Robert.~on, and X[r. and Mrs.

* 7he Ciceron.,no doubt.--ED. A.T.

Gallway, from Bathurst; Captain :Burton and Mr. Doorly, fromTaneriffe.

RIVER GAMBIA.We beg leave to con~atulate our Gambia friends upon the

success of another of ourefforts in their behalf. We are officiallyinformed, that, acting on our suggestion, measures are in courseof preparation for giving, to the Gambia settlement the benefitof postage stamps.We are sorry to have great complaints of the non-receipt, by

our Gambia subscribers, of their newspapers. It is rarely that, we have now a complaint from any other quarter ; but the irregu-larity, or something worse, still prevails at the Gambia. Wealluded in our last.to the continuance, in the Bathurst Post-office,of some of the abuses which we had hoped wou/d have di~p-poured with the change of management. We repeat our hopethat the notice we have again taken of these things will lead toan efficient remedy being adopted.It has given us very great pleasure to receive the disclaimer of

our Bathurst friends, that they have been ever moved by anypersonal motives in the complaint they have made to us, or haveever written what is not strictly true. We want, as we havebefore said, to be able to dependenffrdy on the perfect truthfulne~of our correspondents everywhere in Africa. The cause of truthcannot be served by falsehood, and ours is the cause of truth, andof Africa. It appears that the garrison schoolmaster, by hiscommunication inserted in our Juno number, had no reason orexcuse for imputing inaccuracy to our correspeudents in thematter of the first Colonial Writer. We are sorry to have tohave to mention this gentleman again, hut he has only his friendthe .garrison schoolmaster to thank for it ; and we think after thespecimen we have had of the garrison schoolmaster, that the firstWriter in the Colonial-office may be fairly congratulated that it isunder one of the other bIack schoolmhsters,~ and not under theG. S., that he is receiving instruction.We rejoice to insert the following; there is nothing we so

much desire as to find cause for praise :--B~thurst, July 23.Dear Sir,~We ate indeed happy to state that the Acting-

Colonial Engineer, Mr. Ingrain, jan., is not only active but promptin the performance of his duties, k good deal is being done tecure the defective arrangement in the drainage to which you sokindly and powerfully called attention in our behalf. INearly allthe streets in the Colony are now very much improved in thedrainage; and the main drain of which especial complaint wasmade in your number of September, 1863, has been raised twelveinehea above the former level; ancl a suitable 5ri¢t~ $ridga hasbean erected at the proper place. Surely we have cause to rejoice,while attributing all the praise to the African-Aid Society arid toits valuable journal, the .d/titan irt’mes.~your% &c.,

We look to our Gambia friends to make a good show at theSierra Leone Industrial Exhibition. The hearty exertions ofGovernor D’Arcy ought to be seconded by those of his pecple.

SIERRA LEONE.The arrangements for the li*dus{xfal Exhibition are steadily

progressing. The Sierra I/.~m Ob,.,rrer says : ,, We at last hearour colonists speaking seriously of agriculture as the only certainmeans of prosperity; we do hope to see some of our intelligentyoung men show by example to the masses the wealth and inde-pendence they have so long negleeted, and which our motherearth continually.calls on them to seek and they shall find." If,as we hope, the exhibition has for results the application ofeducated industry with capital to agriculture, we have no doubtthat an era of prosperity that could never otherwise have beeninaugurated for the colony will date from the present year.After stating that the amount subscribed in Africa reaches to800/., the paper above quoted adds, with much reason : " 1~ amtrul~¢ ~orry to ,as th~ small amouMs a~ yet ad~cri~ed ia .Enfland,

#All are black, it appears, trod thil the’at great prcgresi in t~me braaeh~cf cducati~.~, at least.--E~). A.T.

A~us~ 23, 1864.] THE AFRICAN TIMES. 21

but tre hope that the fiien& of 81erra Zeone there may u~ a littlenwre e.~rtion towards the benefit of tl~ entertn’ise."There have been good showers. The crops are said to be

looking well. Freights were in demand, there being muchproduce on hand requiring shipment. There is a much greaterbreadth of land under ground.mr cultivation than was everbefore known.

SHERBO:BO.The small missionary paper, the Earlg .Dawn, calls attention

to the fact that the grave of the late Mr. Consul Hanson, whowas lost while engaged in a noble effort to save the lives of thepassengers and crew of the wrecked Steam ~ail PacketCleopatra, "is marked by a mere simple board which bearshis name, and which will soon decay." Surely the Royal AfricanMail Steam Ship Cempany might spare a few pounds for somemore enduring indication of the place where the remains of Mr.Hanson are laid. Or, if not, there must have been passengerson board that illfated ship who can well afford such a tribute tothe memory of cue who risked and lost his life for them.We have more than once alluded to the small slave-trade

carried on from the districts between the Sherboro and theLiberian frontier. It appears from the .Early .Dawn that anative iraderresiding near Bendoo, in the Sherboro, has beenengaged in tMs infamous truffle, and has been arrested.Five of his slaves fled to the British Manager for protection.lq’e has been Sent to Freetown, Sierra Leone, and will have histrial before the Colonial Court. We fear that this is not asolitary instance, and that not unfrequently Sierra Leone traders--some of them liberated slaves--are directly or indirectlyengaged in this most horrible traffic. It is enough tomake one ashamed of human nature to find men whohave been liberated and educated. ’. by British philan-thropy, engaged in trafficking in the bodies and souls oftheir fellow-men, and doing this in defiance of the Governmentwhich at vast expense has secured and is protecting theirliberties.The.Early .Dawn, which has always been one of ear ardent

co-operators in stimulating to agricultural industry, the de-velopment of which is not alone the true source of wealth, butis the only cure for many of the evils which have brought re-proach upon the nascent civilization of Sierra Leone, believes"that the cause of such painful manifestation of human depravityis to be found mainly in the fact that the Sierra Leone people inthe Sherboro are nearly all traders; that legitimate trade isgreatly overdone, and that being constantly in contact with thosewho desire to sell slaves, and have little else to sell, they are ledinto a secret participation in what was once the great businessof the country. The remedy, we believe, is to be found--first, in arigid enforcement of existing laws ; but second, arid mainly, indirecting the attention of the people to some other business thantrade. The native African who has been educated merely in aknowledge of letters is not alwaysbenefited. He is often a worseman than if he had remained abarbarian. He must be educated inthe knowledge of some legitimate business. ]=[e must learnsome kind of profitable manual labour. He must be taught thatto cultivate the soil--with his own hands as well as with thehands cf others--is both profitable and honourable. Above all,his moral nature must be developed. This is the great want ofthe people. Intellectually they are not deficient--morallythey are very low ; and it is in the moral development of the

¯" Un "people there ,s hope for th~s co try. As we have already

written under the head of Sierra Leone, we do indeed hopethat the "Industrial Exhibition" about to be held there willturn the attention of the people in the right direction. One ofthe great errors of English philanthropic action in Africa hasbeen in educating intellectually without the industrial accom-paniment. We hope that it is not too late for a radical changein that respect.We ere very sorry to hear of the death of Mr. Oeslinger, who

has long been a leading merchant in the Sherboro, and whohas really been striving for the advancement of the country, aswell as for his own individual profit.

LIBERIA.We think it our duty again to remind our readers of the wants

and claims of "St. Mark’s Hospital" at Cape Palmas, and of theinstitution for the blind which has also been established there bythe praiseworthy and indefatigable efforts of the Roy. C. C. Heft-man. We are almost ashamed to have again and again urgedthese claims with so little result--though the shame does notreally attach to us, but to those who neglect to respond to ourappeal. We confider that in these Christian benevolent institu-tions, established by voluntary contributions, for the greater partLiberian, Liberia stands out "before the world with real glory.At recent examinations in the Cape Palmas District, one of themost interesting features was the readings and recitations of theblind pupils. One, who had only been two months underinstruction, "read with fluency a portion of St. John’s Gospel,"on the English ral~d letters. And then in the Caralla 2£~sen~erwe read : "Our building for the blind is suspeuded for thepresentfor want of funds. May the lord put it into the hearts of Hispeople to give of their means, that we may finish this goodwork, and that others may be benefited, besides those alreadyinstructed." We heartily echo the prayer.It is most satisfactory to learn that sugar and coffee planting

still progresses steadily and rapidly on the banks of that richriver, the St. Paul’s. :Bat we cannot account for the little advancethat has been made in cotton growing, while prices in Englandare so high. We can only suppose that, the connexion of Liberiawith America being Northern, the Liberians have been eanstantiyled to believe that the subjugation of the Southern States wouldsoon be complete, the cotton production there be renewed withvigeur, and that prices would consequently soon decline. Wehope they will now hasten to get rid of this idea, and send theirproper quota (which ought to be a large one) of cotton to Eng-land. It is only by the extension of agriculture, and the con-Sequent increase of agricultural wealth, thai the Liberian Govern-ment can obtain permanent and solid relief from those financialembarrassments which eripl~le the energies of the practical mannow at the head of the State as President. The currency, whichis ya_ptr, can be bought for specie at twenty-five per cent. dis-count ; while for many goods it is declined altogether. Thereare hopes, however, it seem.s, and we rejoice to hear it, of somearrangements which will g~ve great relief. But until capital,the residuary fruit of industry, ~ncreases in the country, theremust necessarily be many painful difficulties to surmount.

THE LATE ASHANTEE WAR.[~o. ld

2:0 ~IHE EDITOR O~ THE AFRICAN TI~E~I.

On Board the Calabar, 21st July, 1864.Sir,--Nothing could exceed the degree of astonishment and

alarm into which the G01d Coast has been thrown sines thearrival of the last mail, in consequence of the decision taken bythe home Government about tl~e Ashantce war. It will be toolate for us to attempt to effect anything, but I must say that westand in a humiliating position before the natives of the Coast ;and the Ashantees will always glory at such a complete defeat.It is greatly to be regretted that one just and honest man hasbeen made the scapegoat before the British public by certaincorrespeudents of the Times; a gentleman whose whole heart,since he came out te the Coast as Oovernor, has been the exten-sion of justice to the most distant portion of the Protectorate, ofBritish influence to the very Court of Commassic, and the esta-blishment of unity and.concord amongst the different chiefs.Every class in the Protectorate would testify in favour of GovernorPine. The Times must have been greatly misled by its corre-spondents to have ~id that the Governor was not supported bythe inhabitants; that, in fact, it was " Pine’s war;" that no oneknew anything about it; and that, consequently, Governor Pinewas to blame for all the misfortune which has befallen the officersand men who took part in the expedition.:No one who knew the firmness aud promptitude with which

Governor Piue a.-ted, will hesitate to regard him ss a man ofability and energy. I only hope the Time~ will insert the letters

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that leave this Coast in defence of the so much abused Governor ;the British public will then, I think, be fully satisfied thatGovernor Pine does not deserve the reproach that has been castupon him.--Yours truly, Cxsr~¢o.

E~o. 2.]~0 ~HE EDITOR OF ~HE A/EICA~ 7III’ES.

Cspe Coast, July 14, 1864.Sir.~Governor Pine arrived hero on the 80th June in Her

~ajesty’s ship Rattlesnake, and on the morning of the 1st Julyhe landed with all the honours due to his high rank. On the5th inst. he convened a meeting of the merchants and nativechiefs. On their assembling he gave them notice of the decisionHer Majesty’s Government had come to with regard to theAshantce war. The chiefs, on hearing the sad intelligence, gavevent to their feelings in the following strain : "We are nowlikened to a bird that was flying over water and knocked down,and having its feathers wet was unable to fly again." Theycontinued : "You make big tent, and you call the chiefs in theinterior to that tent ; you tell them and us you intend to go overthe Prah and teach Quaco Duah a good lesson. Your colonelsent message tc tell him that he was coming to take dinner withhim at Commassie. Our hearts were all glad to hear this fromyour own lips, and your colonel’s, because we "knew before thatwhite man never say one thing to-day and change it to-morrow ;now we come and hear this bad news, our hearts are full withshame, and we can never look our allies in the face again becauseof shame. //re are waterside people: we may be able tc getover this great disappointment ; but our friends in the bush willlaugh at us, and say that we deceive them; and what can we say?~Ye must beg of you to call all those chiefs again under thatbig tent, and tell them yourself what you tell us to-day, becausewe are too much ashamed to do it ourselves. You tell us tc goand take all the provisions and ammunition at the Prah. Wow canwe do that, when you have thrown everything away in theRiver Prah~ This we " ,,- feel very sorrowful for. This is thepith and subslanee of the transaetionsat the first meeting held byGovernor Pine since his return to Cape Coast Castle.:For some time, I considered a certain amount of blame rested

on Governor Pine ; but from the tenor of his last despatch beforehe went on his voyage, and which has been published ia theTimes, I am inclined to think otherwise ; for in that despatch heexpressed his "fears that the camps in the interior could not bekept up during the rains." The fault, therefore, rests with thosein whose charge he left the government, and it is to be hopedthat the public, ai~d those who have lost their dear relatives, willdemand from persons so highly culpable their reasons for con-tinuing the deadly camp at "tl~e Pmh" during so inclement andsickly a season. It is quite clear that Lincoln’s Inn has not yetproved able to supply us with a man capable of ruling one of themost insignificant, but ~st di~ieult Governments under theBritish Crown. It is to be hoped, therefore, that the " Royal"Warrant under the Sign Manual, bearing date at Windsor thellth day of September, 1863," will soon be cancelled ; so that,in the event of Governor Pine leaving us again, the administra-.tion may beplaced in same experienced and competent hands. This]s not my opinion alone, but that of almost every intelligent, andcertainly of every impartiM, man in the British Protectorate. Agreat wrong has been perpetrated on these unfortunate people, andI feel sure you will not abandon their cause. Africa lacks inde-pendent men, who will fearlessly represent the true crate of affairson-this coast; and that possibly has been the cause of so manyblunders to the prejudice of an oppressed and greatly injuredpeople. Unless something is done soon by the Government ofEngland for this par~ of Africa, the farcical exhibitions of a rule,~aid tO be British, will inspire universal contempt and disgust.Atrocities are daily perpetrated by the subordinates of this

Government. The next mail will bring you the result of aninvestigation that is about to take place here in reference toprison discipline and the mode of administering justice. Iwould have sent you some particulars by this mail, but Ithink it best that what I may ~end on so important a aubject

Tim AFRICAN TI~8. [AwusT~3, 1~61,should be official and duly authenticated. Public opinion mustthen take notice of it and give a verdiet.--l~aithfuny yours,

J.[Xo. 3.3

ro ~s.~ r~Drrol o;g ’,’-z ~vg.lo_L~ ’r.uu:s.

Anamaboe, Caps Coast, July 12, 1864.Sir,~It is my painful duty to solicit a place in your columns

for a few words relative to the Government’s cowardly d~ertionof us in this Ashantee crisis, which very, very glorious conducton their selfish part, even members of the House of Commonscould not help stigmatizing as "dishonourable."Allow me, Mr. Editor, to ask what reputable excuse could he

made (not only as reg-ards us, whose ignorance and want ofstrength they take advantage of, but before the eyes and in theears of eivillsed countries), with any regard to justice and dignity,by the English Government, or their repre~ntatives on the GoldCoast, for these wretchedly treacherous dealings ? What broughton thewar? Who offered protection to Guainin, the Ashanteerunagate? Who threatened war to the Ashanteo messengers,and defied the Ashantee King to send down his armies ? Whosent the troops to the Prah to evoke the blood-tbirstinesa of thewarlike Ashantees? Fcr all these the English Government, ortheir Gold Coast Government, are answerable. :But who-havebeen all along the real sufferers ? Who are now more than everexposed to the mercy of the incensed Ashantce monarch ? Thenatives, the poor nat~vas. And wherefore? Because of the merepride and obstinacy of a deceptive Government. Why, if this isthe policy Christian England boasts of, I would, for my part,rather trust to the judgment and the honour of the vilest amongmankind.The English Government ought to do us justice in this affair ;

they cannot withdraw their protection, and leave us to adjustdisputes and fight the battle which they have done all their bestto challenge, without infringing the laws of justice, humanity,and uprightness in a manner as outrageous as it would be"dishoncurable." If, however, they have decided in this trulyshameful course, fearless of their notorious .Brutum firman, Iwould say to such a Government : .Better rtffre. Aug nunfuam&n~, ant perfici.---I iuelose my card, and I am, Mr. Editor,yours truly, Qv~s P-E.

GOLD COAST.TO THE ~.DIIOR OF THE AFRICXN TL~ES.

July 14, 1864.Sir,--As you are aware, there has been a large influx ofstrangers into Cape Coast lately, in consequence of ~he ishanteeaffair~offieers with their wives and children, soldiers with ditto~to the extent of some thousands of souls. The sudden arrivalof a large body of persons in a small iso] ated spot like CapeCoast created well nigh a famine, until the inhabitants, recover-ing from the first shock of the increased demand for everything,set systematically to work to supply that demand to the /)eat ~ftheir ability. There was one description of food, however, tha~everybody complained there was no getting,; in fact, that therewa~not~t)~y b~ the sha~e of yree~rs or 9r~n food to be had, eitherfor love or money. ~his argument---I had rather eaU it abuse ofthe country--was supported by one or two other officials thatbad been in the country upwards of two years.h’ow, Mr. Editor, my idea is to give you and your readers the

names of a few of the available vegetables and fruits of theearth to be had here merely for the trouble of picking; andothers teat the natives cultivate, though not to any great extent.But all the names that I shall produce ai’e emphatically Africanplants, and to be had all .the year round~ and any day in theyear, merely for the trouble of collecting, or at a very triflingexpense. For the use of many of your readers who are residenton the Gold Coast, I have, where practicable, added the :Fantecname to the plant mentioned. :First, though not foremost, thereis the lYild Ca~ba~¢ (called by the :Fantees "Em am " thel . _ .- p po),eaves of which make a capffal salad, or dressed as greens makea good eubstitute for the Savoy. It is to be had in perfectionfrom the end of May to the end of February--i.#., nine month

AvOUST 23, 1864.J THE AFRICAN TIM~. 23

in the year. Any Cape Coast child kuows the plant, and couldfetch it at any time; it is to be had in abundance within 500

~tards of the :Fort gate at Cape Coast Castle. Second, the ~’ldtcumber, little inferior, indeed, to the cultivated one; it makesa good salad, arid eats well also stewed, with’a little meltedbutter. Then we have the Samph(ne, the ,~eal’ale, or 3[iren.cMe, growing even down to the very beach. -Purdane is alsovery abundant, and very wholesome, and grows everywhere andanywhere. Spinach, also, which the natives call "Kotfi bettow ;"and the /ore .,4pp~c,# or .En](’rc~ma, for seasoning soups ormaking stews, roasting, frying, &o. The Green Papaws, servedwith boiled mutton and dressed as turnips, are by no means abad substitute for that excellent vegetable, Garden Mallows, orYegetable Marrow. Ca~ba~cs of a very fair quality, from theTree Cabbage, to be had at most of the native farms. Sweeg Pota-tone, Green Corn, or young corn dished up as green peas. makesa very respectable appearance. .~ean~, Calaranfas, l~azagan,and Haricot ; these are to be seen daily in the market at CapeCoast, dres~d up in some native dish, but the European can getthe raw article, and dress it as he pleases. The leaves of theCapsicum .dnmium~ or Pepper _Plant, make a good salad, andboiled and served upas spinach they make a very palateable dish.We have next the Palm Cabbage : the natives are always cuttingdown their palm-trees for the sake of tapping for the wine;the palm cabbage is the top or head of the tree, the part that hasnot become exposed to the air ; this makes a very choice and deli-cious vegetable, and eats well with fish, flesh, or fowl. Thereare also Several kinds of Yams, with as great a difference betweenthe varieties as between the }taricot and the "Windsor Bean.There is the .Khkr~, or Yam Cabbage; the leaves make a goodcabbage, and are used as such by the Africans; the root re-sembles the yams, but is more spherical, the yam being oblong,the native farmers and chiefs seldom cultivate this species for sale,they use it themselves ; the flavour partakes something of a nicemealy potatoe or a roasted ch~nut. I need not say much aboutthe Yam for information of your English readers in Africa, forthey seem generally to be of opinion that yams and sweetpotatoes are the only eatable vegetables good for Europeanpalates; and that Cassada and Kankey are only fit for niggersand pigs. As regards Caesura, let me mention that the meal,mixed in equal proportion with flour, for malting pastry, rendersthe pastry light, wholesome, easy of digestion, and well adaptedfor invalids. Plabttalns, roasted or boiled, make a very goodvegetable. ~ananas also, when just full grown, but not yetturned to ripening, makea passable imitation of carrot. Thenthere are J.fitshroome, Shallots, Chicory, and -pumpX’ins of severalkinds, all good vegetables, and to be had for the mere trouble ofordering them. All the above vegetables are in daily use by thenatives; what the niger,, however, themselves consume, theyconsider (having been so told) as not good enough for the whiteman, and they never offer them ; but I know there is not onenative merchant in Cape Coast but can get one or all or any ofthe above-named vegetables, on any day of the week, or everyday, if he like. Then why cannot the European use them. Manyno doubt are not aware of these things; some few are perhapsiudifferent, and so long as the cook gives them no trouble, carelittle how frequently roast fowl and yams, and yams and roastfowl, are set before them.All the above-named vegetables and roots are in use by the

natives and easily procurable; many are not cultivated at all, asthe wild cabbage, samphine, seakale or mirenchie, cabbage oreffan, purslane, spinach or kot6 bestow, wild cucumber, &e.;and you have only tc send your servant to pick the same, andbring them home. :Even with the few names enumerated, aperson may make a very agreeable change of vegetable dietalmost every day in the week throughout the year; and yetpeople who are too idle to take the trouble tc look around them,are constantly declaring that no green food is to be had in thispart of Africa. Now, Sir, some of the old residents have cabbages,cucumbers, reddisbes, lettuces, &¢., all from imported seeds, upontheir tables, c~nstantly, eight and nine months in the year.

[ think I have occupied as much time and space as you will beable to spare me at this time ; on aaother occasion, I will troubleyou, ~r. Editor, with a few hints to some of my friends, who saythere is nothing to eat here (no fresh meat they mean). I havenow told them how to get their greens ; next month, I will tellthem how to get at the mutto~, and fish, and other viands.~Iam, yours most respectfuly, Pn~ss.

LAGOS.With reference to the lamented death of Mr. and Miss Bi~hoff,

at Abeckuta, ani~ounded in’our last number, our correspondentsstate that "they both insisted on living in such a manner thatno one doubted death would be the result.’’~" A hope is at thesame time expressed, " that others may profit by the sad lesson,and not despise the advice of old residents, who know thatnourishing food and the moderate use of wine are both necessaryto enable Europeafis to withstand the debilitating effects of theAfrican climate."Commander Glarer, R.N., Colonial Secretary for Lsgos, had

arrived, and was soon appointed acting governor, during theabsence of Governor Freeman, whc has returned to England inthe Calabar on leave.Although the Abeokuta roads still remain closed, we arc glad

to find that there have been lately some shipments of oil fromLagos. This comes partly from Badagry and Porto Nova, andpartly from the Ijebu Towns. The gradual development oftrade in that direction proves that Lagos would rapidly haveincreased in prosperity had not the Abeokutans closed the roadsto their town. It is deeply to be regretted that there is no signat present of any change of conduct on the part of the Egbas,who may yet, ere long, bitterly repent their egregious folly andingratitude.Walter Hanson, E~., has been appointed Civil Commandant

at Badagry, and Vice-Consul for Okeodau and Addo.We alluded in our last to a report which had reached Lagos

of the Dahomaus having plundered the oil stores, &c., on :PortoNova beach. It seems that the King of Dahomey sent mendown to stop the landing of goods there (the beach being hispropertv~ without his authority and payment of duties to him..Not obtaining a satisfaetoryexplanation, they seized one hundredpuncheons of rum. Our correspondent rays, "This is a nice littlenut for the French to crack ~ they will find that Porto Nero isnot quite so independent of Loges ns they fondly imagined."By permission of the Lagos authorities, they ha~e now a warsteamer in their part of the Lagoon. We fear this mixing upof British, French, and Dahoman territory, rights, and claims,will lead ere long to serious complications in the Bight of Benin.

Tw~ A~nrcx~ Ti~ss.~A Missionary in South-Eastern Africawrites very strongly in praise of this journal, especially as beingan instrument for bringing to the knowledge of people in En-gland and Europe generally the deplorably wretched, oppressed,and down-trodden condition of innumerable tribes and peoples ofstrange languages inhabiting the vast continent of Africa. Heconcludes: "Let not the African Times be discouraged by oppo-sition or feigtied contempt. ~uture difficulties will be overcomeas past ones have been. The result is with God--and the worksball be rewarded."The Phitomel, 5, screw gun vessel, CommanderLevesonWildman,

has arrived at 1)evonport~ from the West Coast of Africa station.She left the Bight of Benin June 5, Sierra Leone June 28, andSt. Vincent July 8. The Philomel was commissioned at Devon-¯ port ca December 19, 1860, by her present commander, andarrived at Bathurst, Gamble, on M~areh 26, 1861. She has beenemployed in suppressing the slave trade. August 6, 1861, shecaptured off the Congo River a slave felucca empty, but com-pletely fitted for the slave trade, and burnt her. The Philomelhas also been employed in settling boundary di~culties betweenthe Colonial C-overnment of Sierra Leone and the Republic ofLiberia; also in settling disputes amongst the native chiefs atLittle Pepo and Ahgway.¯ We stated in a (ormer notice that they. were strict re~etarla~ ~d

fedofallers.~]~ D. ~’.T.

{

24 THE AFRICAN" TIMES. [AuousT ° 3, 1864.SIERRA LEONE INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION FUND.The Council of the African-Aid Society earnestly invite all

the friends of African progress to send them subscriptions to thisfund, which will be advertised monthly in. the Mfrican 2qme,.Sub~riptions may be sent either to the London and West-

minster Bank, St. James’s-~uare, London, S.W., or to F. Fitz-gerald, E~., Honorary Secretary of the African-A/d Society, 8,kdelphi-terrace, London, W.C.Sub~riptians in the colony to 2ls~ July . £798 2 6Ditto already announced in London 50 1 0Birmingham Ladies’ Negro Friend Socie~ 5 0 0Henry Christy, E~. 5 0 0

PUBLISHED MONTHLy. PRICE 5d., STAMPED.You are earne~tlv requested to allow your name to be added to the

listofyearly sub~r’ibers. Price 5s. per annum for each copy, payablein advauce. AFme.~.x-AiD Socm~v. 8, Ads]phi-terrace,

Straud. W.C., London.N.B. Post-office orders for Sub~fiptions to the African T~me, to be

made payable to W~. d. Johann.x, 121. F/set-street, at the GeneralPost-niEce. London.

TU£SDA~ A~rQUST 23, 1864.

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE AFRICA~N.AID SOCIETYSINCE MAY 23.

Lord Calthorpe (an.)Captain Clo~. R.h’., 1862.3.4A. E. Croll, Esq. (an.) ."l:l’on. A. Calthorpe (an.) .Thnmas Dunn, Esq. (an.). .~1. Purcell Fitz~,erald Es,,to. x,. ~ ~ o , "I" kau¯2:r. ~awyer, ~sq., Cameroons (an.)T. B. Freeman, Esq., Accm (an.)

.’Cs.d.¯ 21 0 0

3 3 0¯ 2 2 0

1 0 01 1 05 0 01 0 0i 0 0

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.Conox.--The quantity of clean cotton shipped from the Gold

Coast, from February last to ffuly, amounts to above tMrty toni.Co~z.~A vessel belonging to the Company of African Mei~-

chants (Limited) has lately brought to Liverpool, among othervaluable cargo, 425 bag8 of coifs.S~al~X LEOXE Exnten~o:,-.~The subscriptions in Sierra

Leone now amount to 800t, including 100l. promised by GovernorD’Arey, of the Gsmbia.CAPE CoAsz.~The whole of the troops have been withdrawn

from the Prah, and the stores, &c., destroyed.Riwa 0AxnrA.~Postage stamps are to be adopted here.RAz~neArm.xs of treaties of amity, commerce, and navigation

between tha ~etherlands and Liberia, and S~veden and Norwayand Liberia, have been exchanged in London between the Minis-ters of Sweden and the Netherlands and Mr. Gerard Ralston,Consul-General for Liberia in Great Britain.Sx,-~w-zsAn~.~The celebrated steam slaver Ciccron, so nearly

captured lately off the Dahoman coast, ran from thence to St.Thomas (West Indies). Her captain was so far from admiringthe Armstrong shot, dangerously near him during the chase, thathc gave up the command, and has returned to Biscay. 2heCieeron is the property ¢f that notorious slavedealel, Julian deZuluela, of .~arana, and we have reason to believe will soonreappear m the Bight of Benin in search of a "c~r~o.t’’

A~mc~x A~r Sv~oEo:,’s.~We see with surprise that Dr.Horton, the native African surgeon ~ho rendered such greatservice during the entire stay of the troops on the Ashanteefrontier, has been ordered from Cape Coast to the Gambia. Isthis intended as a reward ?

A~zox-vr~.-.-The authorities have definitively refused to alio~

the Et~glish property there, said to amount to 100,0001., to bebrought down to Lagos, until their war with the Ibadans hasbeen brought to a close.Lxeos.~The number of resident Europeans, which in J’auuary

was eighty, is now only thirty-five, in consequence of deaths,and removals owing to" the continued stoppage of trade withAbeokuta.ExPoar or SPECIE :FROM SIERIL~. Lxo.~z.--Great complaint con-

tinues to be made at the heavy amounts shipped for England byevery mail. The Calabar bro-ught several t-housaud pouuds. Wehope the contemplated banking operations of the Company ofAfrican Merchants in Freetown will prove a remedy for this pre-judicial drain of coin.Governor Freeman, of L~go,% has again returned to England.

EASTERN AFRICA.Tar breaking up of the Zambesi Mission, and the return ofDr. Livingston to England, are events of so decided a natureas regards the progress of material development and civilizationin Eastern Africa, that they cannot be allowed to pass withoutremark. It is but too common, under analogous eireumstancez,to declare hastily that all the valuabla life sacrificed and themoney expended have been sacrificed and expended in vain.Because some immediate advance toward the desired end is notseen as a result of the labour and expenditure, the world givesits verdict nf entire failure. Nothing can be more erroneous.Setting aside the fact that there is an issue of some sort or otherfrom every even the most insignificant of human actions, it hincontrovertible that every Christian effort made toward theregeneration of a country long condemned to barbarism, super-stition, and unproduotiveness, must and does bear fruit. Thetravels of Dr. Livingston--the efforts made by him againstthe slave-trade--the labours and sacrifices of the Zambesi Mission~have their perman~ent place, and were, no doubt, indispensable inthe great chain of events connected with the future civilized lifoof Eastern Africa. As believers in the eventual reclamation ofthe whole world from the exclusive dominion of evil, which fora time prevents portions of it from fulfilling the Divine mandateand intentions we cannot hold or propagate any other~:~lief. W’emay and do deplore, that the results desired when the ZambssiMission first went out from among u~, have not followed imme-diately from the effort. But we cannot and we think that noone ought to deplore that tha efforts were made:. And it is onlywhen a fa!se estimate Ls taken of them that such feelings canobtain¯ Regarded as isolated facts, the promptitude with whichthe Oxford and Cambridge Mission was organised, and the pe-cuniary support that flooded in, had in them something ofgrandiose. But to have occupied a permanent place among theChristian and eidlizing agencies of the Christian world, that zealand that liberality should only have been looked upon as the smallintroductory portions of a vastly larger consecutive movement.The Livingston labours and Zambesi Mission ought to be viewed notalone, but in comparison with the end toward which they weredirected¯ What are two or three thousand a-year from a Go-vernment aiding the energy of one ardent man, and 20,000Lwith a handful of zealous missionaries, when compared with thedeliverance of a quarter of a continent from the cruel tyranny oftha~ evil dominion under which it lies prostrate, bleedi,g, groan-ing, shrieking in moral and material agony? What are they?Why, infinitesimal. Bu t, alas ! and we write it with the sicknessof sorrow and shame, every little effort made for Africa is somagnified iu importance in the eyes or mind of the maker 0rthe public, that a most unfair estimate is formed of it, and most-unjustifiable expectations are attached to it. With regard tomany other portions of the world that have not more than halfthe claim upon us that may be urged on behalf of Africa, mendo give in faith and trust. "Cast thy bread upon the watersand it shall be found after many days,’! seems at least to bebelieved in. ~ut when they are solicited to turn their heartstowards Africa, a spasmodic coy traction of unchristian selfishnessseizes them. They cast in their mite, as if it were a talent; andwonder that they do not see immediatel some illar in the- . Y P .temple of human progress overlmd with pure gold as the frmt of

AuovST 23, 1864.] THE AFRICAN TIMES.

their noble investment, for humauity and for God--or theythrow their obolus to the beggar, as a churl in whom feeling isnot quite extinct might east a bone to a miserable dog. Yes--and the great Christian world which saw Without active remorse,a century ago, one hundred and seventy slave ships depart inone single year for one single English port upon their unhallowedfiendish mission to the Coast of Africa--the great Christian world,some of the unchristian scum of which is still the remorselessinstigatnr of African depopulation, murder, and war--the greatso.called Christian world, turns up its eyes, in feigned or realastonishment, that Ethiopia cloth not yet stretch forth her baudsnnto God! Honour~ then, to Dr. Livingston, to the Oxfordand Cambridge Society, and to its devoted missionaries! Theyhave at least striven for gcod--they have sown in faith, and theharvest-fruit will some day coma from their effort, even thoughit tarry. There may have been errors of judgment connectedwith the Zambesi Mission--we ourselves differ in opinion withthe projectors of it on many points--but at least, there was aholy zeal; and we had rather behold twenty seeming failures ofimprudent earnestness, than that chilling apathy which wrapsitself up in the decent mantle of calculating prudence, and re-mains so impenetrable against enthusiasm that it rests inactivetill death closes the account of labour, and leaves cold prudenceto carry its "pound" wrapped up in the napkin to Him whogave it for employment, not for useless custody, and who dealsout retribution as well as reward. Africa needs help in everyquarter, and~ as is our duty, again and again we ask it for her.

GOLD COAST AFFAIRS.W~ insert; iu this number the two letters on the "Administra-tion of $ustice" at Cape Coast which our printer last monthomitted. Another letter, received by last mail, will also befound in our columns. There is an evident necessity for officialinquiry into the charges thus brought against influential publiaservants at Cape Coast Castle. By a note to the last-mentionedletter, our readers will see that Governor Pine has immediatelyconsented to hold a Court of Inquiry into these nharges. We donot intend to anticipate the result by any further observations.Although if all the statements in letter No. I be tru% there wouldseem to have been some negligence or oversight on GovernorPine’s part, and we should, therefore, were we in a similar posi-tion, have preferred to invite or request Commodore Wilmot tohold the said court, we have nevertheless every reason to believethat, under Governor Pine, the inquiry will be impar-tially conducted. The official report will be laid beforeour readers in due course. Our position is clear in thematter, i:o soon as the charges reaohed us, we placedthem in the hands of Wer X[ajesty’s Secretary of State for theColonies, refraining from all publication of them, until we shouldreceive from other quarters such a confirmation of the generalcharge as would justify our inserting them in our columns. Wehave neither fear or favour in these matters. It is our provinceto throw light into the dark corners of Africau administration--into all the recesses where evil dwells and reigns. We are onthe side of the oppressed, and never on that of the oppressor.Had our limits permitted, it was our intention to make some

remarks upon the great evil of tAe accumulah’on of o~c~s on oneindfridual, which is a peculiar charscteristio of Gold Coastadministration¯ Mr.Barry, for instance, who without any previouso~cial experience was sent out from this country a few month’ssince, as Queen’, Adrorat~, had scarcely time to become ac-quainted with the path from Cape Coast Castle to the townat its foot, before he became charged aha with the seemingly in-compatible funetious of-Actin~ Oh~’ef~fi~ and .Actin/ Colonial~¢retary! We shall show, next month, why these otfices shouldnot be held at one and the same time, by one and the same per-~on, however agreeable it may be to the fortunate individual toreceive the pay of three or more offices at once. We have heardof former instances in which five distinct offices, of not incon-siderable emolument, have been held at one time, by one indi.vidual.Our letters will show how painfully the people at Cape

Coast have been affected by the decision of Her Majesty’s

Government with regard to the Ashantee war. Certainly ifGovernment confine itself to the withdrawal of the troops, if itdo nothing to bring about a permanent pacifio arrangement withAshantee, it will be difficult to justify its conduct. We havelong since pointed out means of coercion, stronger than war~wz., a good road and the effectual cutting off of abso-lutely necessary supplies from Ashantee, should Ashanteepersist in her hostility. We therefore hope to hear thatthe future has not been left to chance, or to mere barbarianimpulse, but that measures have been adopted for re-moving from the people of the Protected Terri~ori*~ all well-founded fears of another Ashsnteo invasion, with the desolationand bloodshed that would infallibly charscterise it, and the per-pet~ation nf a deadly feud that must follow.

FEMALE EDUCATION AT CAPE COAST.As there is none other real civilization than Christian civi-lization, neither is this latter possible without the moral andsocial elevation of the female pcrtion of the community. Allefforts for changing the condition of the African people must befruitless where this great element of civilization--au educatedfemale community~is wanting. In another column will be foundan appeal by Mrs. Moseley for funds neeessary to establish aschool for females at Cape Coast. Mrs. Z[oseley is the widow ofa gentleman who, for some short time, until death removed himat once from lifo and duty, occupied a high official position atCape Coast. "While them with her late husband, Mrs. Moseleyobtained the confidence and affection of almost the whale femalepopulation of the town. Since her return to this countryher efforts have been unceasing to procure some arrange-meats by which the females nf the town of Cape Coast maybecome so raised in social condition as to insure notonly an increase of personal happiness among them, but,through their social influence, a general advaueemeut in Christiancivilization. To this great and most interesting work ]dre.Moseley has dedicated her future life. Already beloved by thefemale population at Cape Coast, she would commence her noblelabours with edvantages that many ladies might fail to secure,even were other ladies disposed thus to exile themselves fromthat civilization which must be so dear, in order to labour insuch a country as that of Guinea in the cause of humanity andof Him who gave himself a sacrifice for manki~d. Many of ourefforts on behalf of Africa are possibly misunderstood. Aboutthis work of Mrs. Moseley’s there cannot, however, be anymisapprehension. Every lady who reads our journal ought tointerest herself in this movement. It ought, and must, weshould think, appeal forcibly to every female heart. Let itbe remembered that the uneducated female in that part of thecountry is little better than a beast of burthen."z" We havealways insisted upon the absolute necessity of efforts to elevatethat portion of the community, if any real good is to be effectedin Africa. And we now most earnestly appeal to all our readersfor their individual aid and their personal efforts on behalf ofthat work for the prosecution of which Mrs. Moseley off~rs--yes~we need not have any hesitation in saying it, f~r we believethat she has fully counted the cost--offers ~¢r 1~¢.We shall rejoice indeed to see the names of the ladies in all

our subscribers’ families on Mrs. Moseley’s list; and if it bepreferred to forward subscriptions through us, we shall be gladto have the pleasure of handing them to Mrs. Moseley’s treasurers.

CAPE COAST CASTLE NATIVE FEk[ALE SCHOOL,GOLD COAST, WEST AFRICA¯

Donations and subscriptions, however small, are earnestlysolicited from the Christian and benevolent public, on behalf of aschool for the spiritual and industrial instruction of the nativeconverts and population at Cape Coast Castle, an in,titution themost highly calculated to raise and ameliorate the religious andsocial condition of the poor benighted Africans, by teaching them

¯ The firtt tram, pott corps for the ~upply of the troop* no the Ashsate~froniler, ninety mil~s from Cape Coast) with pmrl.dons and military ztore~wa~ a femde one !

26 TILE AFRICAN TIME8.in help themselves, and imparting that legitimate ambition forhome and domestic improvement and industry, which wouldsecure beth their moral and social elevation, and render them notonly a prosperous and industrious, but happy Christian people.250/. or 300L is at prescnt required to commence the work

and open the school, which, when once established, would in agreat measure be supported by the native king, chiefs, merchants,and other residents at Cape Coast Castle. It is also hoped thatthe Colonial Government will ultimately graut a small anuua]sum to carry out this important work to a larger extent, if com-menced by private sub~ription.An Eng, lish lady offers to go out and take the entire superin-

tendence of the school as soon as the necessary funds are realised,and having already resided on the Gold Coast with her husbandwho held in 1862 an appointment under Government there, shehas some knowledge and experience of the warm-hearted, in-telligent African mind and disposition, and feels sure it is fullycapable of being placed in tim same scale with that of the Euro-pean, if possessed of similar advantages.:Further information will he gladly given by J]lrrs. ar~seTh

J£oseley, 2, Montagu-streeti Portman-~uare, London. Messrs.Rivington, V~’aterloo-place, Pall-mall, and 3.Jr. George Parker,Librarian, High-street, Fulham, S.W., have kindly consented torecmve subscriptions and donations.The following contributions are already promised :--

£ s.d.His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury . 5 0 0Colonel Crichtoa Stuart. M.P. for Cardiff : ¯ . I0 0 0Miss Vernon IIarcourt, Penton Grange, Andover . 5 5 0]~ev. Edward Hoare, Incumbent of Trinity Church,Tunbridge Wells, . 2 0 0~urney Heave, ~s~., rrampste~d . . ~oo oA Friend of the Atrican . 3 0 0Mrs. Bruce . 1 0 0The Right Hen. Sir’John’raki~gton: Bar(., ~.I’.. 2 0 0

Vice-Admiral HamiltOn, Blackheath. 1 0 0T. S. Harford, Esq., Blai~ Castle, Brlstol" 2 0 0Conrad Finzel, E~., Bristol 1 0 0Lord Bishop of Chichester ¯ ̄ ̄ ̄ " 5 0 0:Rer. William Marsh, D.D., Beckenham 0 5 0Rev. A S. Latter, Fulham .... . 0 5 0Ray. J’. J; Coxl~ead, :Fulham - . . 0 5 0Mrs. Thomas Canon, Pyon ]q’ouse, Hereford 0 l0 0Right Hen Lard Colchester, Berkeley.square ~ 1 0 0Miss Emily Cuppage, Dublin ..... 1 0 0

AD rNIST AT O --0r STIC __TE RIBrEREVELATIONS.

[~o. 1.]TO T~E EDIEOR OF THE AFRICAX T/31ES,

Cape Coast, April 14, 1864.S]r,--If Africa is to make known her wrongs--and your journal

has been put forward to accomplish that cud--let me write yousomething which I will defy the powers of Cape Coast to gain.say. At the present moment there are seventeen prisoners fortrial here. These poor wretches have been kept for terms vary-ing from three to tour months ; some are chained like the slavesin Domingo Marfinez’s barrscoons at Whydab; that is, with a largeiron collar round the neck, connected with irons at the feet, andthen fastened to an immense log of wood. In Cape Coast gaol(at Gothic House) a poor wretch was so starved, that he actwdlywas forced to eat his own ---, which he did with a gustothat made the gaoler vomit. This man’s name, is Coffey Tetlee.His chains have since been taken off, his iron collar unhooked,and hints have been given to him constantly to go away ; butthe miserable ~-retch, up to the present time, has not taken thehint.What seems to me an act of gross cruelty and oppression has

also just been practised on a man who, for some years, has beena Wesleyan local preacher, but through the tad conduct of hiswife has been suspended from his duties until the issue of hisdivorce ease (which he has brought himself) is settled. The

facts are simply these: Mr. Martin Doorly, the paymaster ofthe 4th West India Regiment, was in the camp. He wantedmoney to pay the troops. He wrote to his son to send him up2001., and instructed him to go to the Commissariat for it. Theboy did so, Mr. Doorly writing at the same time to the Commis-~riat that he would be responsible. The Commissariat gave themoney to the boy, and it was sent up privately (withovt an e$¢ort)to the camp, at Mr. Dcorly’s personal risk. 0n their way up,the men who carried it went to the house of this man,Rieketts, and requested him to give protection to the box ofmoney. Ricketts is ~id to have told them he would no~ beresponsible, and to take the box away. They persisted, however,in putting the box with the money ia another room in the samehouse. Several strangers slant at the houre that night, all ofwhom knew the money was’there. In the morning, on theirawaking from their slumbers, the carriers found that some onehad walked off with the box of money. Mr. , who i~stipendiary magistrate and Inspector of :Prisons, arrived twodays after from the camp. He immediately ~t to work, byvirtue of his ol~ce as police magistrate and Inspector of Pri~ns,put irons on the hands of this unfortunate man, andplaced him in a dark hole for two weeks without ever~nc¢ taking off the (rons, and only allowing him one hour inthe forty-eight hours to go out. I implored of him to take.the irons off, which he did ; but still the poor wmtehis kept in amost loathsome, d~rk cell, to eke out a miserable punishmenton mere suspicion, without a thence of a trial. I do not saythat Rioketts is or is not guilty; all I say is, that before a manis brought to trial here his health is so seriously injured, that herarely lives long after escaping from the black holes of the prisonat Cape Coast, which were never intended for human beings tolive in, but only aa stores for gunfiowder, and other goods suitedto African markets.I know Mr. Doorly is r~ponsible for this money, because he

told me that he had written to the Commissariat to say so, andthat the CommissarJ at office~ had told him that in case the Homoauthorities put the blame 0n them, they would shift it over toDoorly, and produce his letter. So you see an of~eial personhas a deep stake in this affair; and I humbly submit thatno stipendiary magistrate has a right to make use of hispower to torture a poor black man, before trying him in atrue British, legitimate way; or any Insnector of Prisons to pu~a man in-irons who ha~ never opposed the barbarous treatment¯he is undergoing now, on mere suspicion alone, without a tittleof evidence, that I can see, to condemn him.Sir, it is time" that these atrocities should cease. I, for cue,

will never sit quietly and see the bodies of these poor creatureshacked by a cruel and relentless set of men who dare to say thatthey are Englishman.I have just been reading Buxtan’s works on the horrid slave°

trade, which has partly influenced me to come forward and expo~the oppression exercised here.Why, szarceiy a day passes without some poor wretched negro

being tied np and having one or more dozen of lashes inflicted onhis back for the most trifling Offences.I have visited all the slave barracoons in the Bights of Benin,

an I declare to God I have never seen anything equal to thepunishments inflicted here in a gaol that they tell us belongs tothat dear Queen whom all Englishman love so much, aud who, Ifeel confident, would not sanction the torturing of unfortunateAfricans before theyare tried or proved guilty. The food of theseunfortunates is something ridiculous. I assure you the poorwretches’ three days’ food would scarcely suffice for a single day.You will naturally ask, why have no representations been

made to the head of the Government here ? Why, Sir, the reason iaobvious; theyare afraid to my a word for fear of greater punishmentbeing added to their a]re.~ dy tolerable lot. I am not afraid, and willtell of the misery and wrongs done to this grcafly.oppressedpeopte.I have no objection that you inform any ons that Imn the

author of this letter, and I am willing and ready to proveevery syllable penned before a qualified commissianer from home,who ought to come out immediately, to inRaire into the sd-

:’Avovsr 25, 1864.] THE AFRIOAN TIMId. 27

ministration of British justice on the Gold Coast, or there willarise a ~candal infore(gn land~ that will net redound to the creditof my country.--I am, Sir, Ax’rr-D~eor, s.~./q’.B.--Ricketts has been more than six weeks in prison ; close

confinement in cells.P.S.~If this is published, I will continue it monthly, and be

assured it will be months before I have completed my sad tale.2.,¢n. P.S.--Sine0 writing this, the poor wretch Coffey Teflee

has been released, after enduring two months’ misery insteadof s’.’.x, which Mr. had sentenced him to. Thefact is, Sir, t.hey "knew that I promised to expose this affairin your blessed pages, and I am confident that was the reasonof his sudden releass yeMerday. Some of theprisoners have beensix months in prison without a triM, although Governor Pine¢isited the prison when he wa, here. ererg Sunday. 3Iark this.

[In another letter the same writer states : "We have a colo-nial surgeon at 2001. per annum, whose duty it is to attend tothe prisoners. He has not been in the prison for eight days,although there are prisoners dying."~En. A.T.].hrot%.~By J’une mail we learnecl that 1Rieketts had been tried,

declared guilty, and sentenced to the chain gang.--Em A.T.

~o.2~’ape Coast, June 14, 1864.

Sir,~You have published strange revelations about certainoffieiMs at the Gambia. But we can outdo them here. An English-man was cas~ into prison a few days ago for a supposed assaulton a mau who gave him the greatest possible provocation.

This Englishman rendered great service to Governor Pine’sGovernment on the £rst breaking out of the Ashantee war. Buthe was put in a criminal prison, and for nine days reeeirt~ notthe ,lightest prison allowance, water, or eren the common nee~sarie,oflil’e. If it lad not been for a frleud who smuggled food andwater to him, he must have died of starvation. This unfor-tunate victim is a suspected correspondent of your paper, which,doubtless, accounts for the severe and unheard-of vengeance Ofcertain authorities. I believe the ca~ has been referred to theSecretary of State for the Cronies; and if it has been properlystated, I" cannot allow myself to doubt that J’u~ti~ will be doneto this persecuted man.~Yours truly, A.[We insert this without in any way guaranteeing its correct-

hess. But we do know that the ease has, as is here stated, beenlaid before the Colanial-office. It would have appeared to usimpossible that such things could have happened, had we notreceived confirmation of some of the statements that appear (in theletter marked No. l) of fla~ant abuses in the so-caRed adminis-tration of justice for some months past at Cape Coast. We donot, therefore, think it right to presume that the allegations heremade are incorrect. At the same time, we feel it necessary to saythat by the mail which brought us the above letter we heardfrom other parties, cautioning us agaiust any statements wemight receive relative to the above alleged cruelties--althougheertaiuly not refuting in any way the main paints of the charge.--E~. A. ElLETTER OF GOVERNOR D’ARCY TO THE KINGS AND

CHIEFS OF THE GAMBIA.eIERR~LEONE I~DUSTEI~L ~XHIBITION.

Government House, Bathurst, Gamble,May 24, 1864.

Kings and Chief.=, my h*eighbours--Listen--The Queen of Great Britain l:as heard with sorrow of the

wars which deso|ate and depopulate Africa. Her Majesty hasordered me to lead your minds away from the conduct of Cain tothat of Abel, who offered the fruits and produce of the earth tothe Almighty.~2. When seven moons have gone, on the full of the seventh

moon. I direct you, O Kings and Chiefs, to meet me in Bathurst.Bring with you the best you have : the swiftest and most beau-tiful of your horses, the strongest ox, the fattest sheep, alsot~pecimens of your cleanest cotton, your best grown indigo,

ginger, ground nut~, and all produce of the earth, together ~ithpagnes, couutry cloth, baskets, saddles, bridles, and whatever elseyou can display of the industry and trade of your subjects andcountl~.

3. These articles, O Kings and Chiefs, will be placed side byside with the work of my people in Bathurst, whereupon I willconvey all to Sierra Leone in the Dover; there a great housewilt be built by Major BlackeSt, the Queen’s representative, todisplay these things to all the world. Moreover, Her Majesty’swhite subjects in Evgland, arfizans and others, who gain theirdaily bread, as Adam did, hy the sweat of his brow, will ~ndacross the great water their work. More beautiful will be thearticles than you see for sale in the stores of Bathurst. Theglass hoa~ which is now building to contain these things iscalled an "Exhibition," and as it has been found to make thewhite man more clever, the good Queen has ordered the same tobe held to improve the black men, aud to perpetuate the memoryof her great husband, who was the first to think of these things.4. Eow, 0 Kings and Chiefs, medals and rewards in money

will be given to those amongst you who excel at this Exhibition,to the man who by his care has reared the finest stock, and tohim who has made from cotton the strongest pagne, the ownerof the best article of its class shall receive a prize, no matterhow small that article be.5. Travellers from England, from the African islands, from the

Gamble, from Lagos, from the inside of this country, from theGold Coast, from Cape Palmas, from all the world, will go to seethis Exhibition; it will ben great time of happiness. Whatare all these people to meet for ? ~ot to spoil the ground byshedding blood--for where blood falls, as you know, na corngrows--but to vie with each other in industry. Ou this happyoccasion all people will hear blended with the sound of theChristian’s bell shaken for prayer the voice of the marabout fromthe house-top ordering the adoration of the deity--distinotinnsof colour aud faith* are, after all, of His ordiuation--it is Hewho gives existence, and surely this Ged of all mankind willbless this great uudertaking.6. What more is there for me to write ? Lay these words to

your hearts, and by the hands of John Day, the interpreter, sendme answers in fitting time.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.According to last advices, apprehensions were still entertained

by the authorities, at the Cape, of a new Kafir war. Reinfome-meats had been sent to Natal. A t the same time, traders comingfrom the Kafir country expressed the belief that the Kafirs"were quite peaceably disposed, aud had no intention whateverof any warlike rising."The Bishop of Cape Town was stilt at Natal, from whence he

was expected to return iu about a month. Bishop Tozer, of thelate Central African Mission, was in Cape Town.The weather had been very seasonable for the farmers, and a

great breadth of land had been placed under cultivation. Theprices of colonial produce, particularly grain, were oa the increase.Trade was rather dull, aud the rates of interest were ca the

decline.

RAPID STEAM VOYAGE.~IMPROVEMENT IK STEAMENGINES.

The new steamer Eastern Produce, 647 tons, 100-horse power,arrived in Algoa Bay, South Africa, in thirty-two days fromLondon. tier speed is ~id to be owing to improved enginesbuilt under a new patent, the invention being that of a poormechanic at Sunderland. The engines, which are undoubtedlythe remarkable feature of the vessel, occupy but very little space.The cylinders are 38-inch diameter, the streko is only twofeet. A condensing apparatus is attached, by which 700 gallonsof fresh water per day were constantly produced daring thevoyage--a quantity ample for all purpose.

d~ument, ba~ we mint state cur dish, nat ~ tl~ ptopostuom--z,.o.a.a.

!

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I’i

28 THE AFRICAN TIMES. EAuav~ 23, 1864.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.HOUSE OF COMMONS, Jt’LV 21, IS~L

Mr. C. BLI~XEL~Z called attention to the fact that a vote of18,3531. for civil establishments and forts on the Western Coastof Africa was not properly set out in the clause. 14,3531. hadbeen voted for establishments, and 4,000L for the maintenance offorts. The two sums were bulked in the clause. He thoughtthe 4,0001. should be specifically appropriated to the maintenanceof the forts on the Coast, and with that view he moved the amend-ment of the elau~ by the substitution of 14,353t. for 18,353LMr. CxXDWrLr. and Mr. C. Fomrz~vP. denied that the sum of

4,000L had been specificMIy voted for the forts. The total sumwas for the maintenance of the establishments as a whole, andwas properly appropriated.Sir H. Willoughby, Sir Y. Elphinstone, Mr. Cox, and Mr.

Dillwyn maintained on the other hand that the vote was not ap-propriated in accordance with the intentions of the House whenin Committee of Supply.The amendment was ultimately withdrawn, and the clause

agreed to.

SIERRA LEONE EXHIBITION.We have already been instructed to order the purchase of

specimens from the Exhibition to the amount of 50/. for a privatemuseum forming in England.Mr. Thus. Clegg, of Manchester, will present to the Exhibition

a Box of Samples of the Cotton of Commerce, with the Seed, theFibre drawn out to show its length, &c., and offers the followingpremiums :-Three guineas for the greatest quantity of cotton fibre, whethercleaned or uncleaned, grown within fifty miles of Sierra Leone.

Two guineas for the next largest quantity.One guinea for the next largest quantity.If the cotton is in seed, four pounds of seed cotton are to count

for one pound of clean cotton.

NAVmATION-Or-TH~ RIVER roGER.We hare been solivitear by some of our subscribers, whe wer~ l~re-

senl at the annual general meeting of the Oompany of African.M’erehants, Lim,’ted, on the 6th July, to publish the followb,ysj~eeeh of Mr. A. Hamrzox, one of the .Directors, on the Nariea¯lion of t~e Rirer Niger :~Gentlemen,s--Be.~ore I explain to you, as far as I am able at

present, the course which we propose to adopt, with a view toopemng up the trade of Central Africa by means of the RiverNiger, it may be as well to give first a short statement of whathas been heretofore done with that object.It was in the ~ear 1830 that Mr. Richard Lander traced the

course of the River Niger down to the sea. The River Niger isdistinguished from all other rivers in this respect, that whereas agreat deal of curiosity always has existed about the sources ofother rivers (more particularly the Nile, which has recently beensolved, or is said to have been solved) with regard to the’Nigerit was as to the course which that river took after it left Tim-buctoo. It was known to rise in the mountainous regions notfar from the Atlantic, and to proceed in an easterly direction toTimbuctoo, and there this immense body of water was lost sightof, and was supposed for a long time to be swallowed up in thesands ef the Greet Desert. But by the enterprise and efforts ofBritish travellers, and with fearful sacrifice of life, the.questionwas at last solved by ~r. Richard Lander, who in the year 1830followed its course in a boat down to the sea. Therefore, in 1832,a company was formed~a mercantile company--in Liverpool, toopen up the commerce of the interior by means of the Niger. Theexpedition was attended with a total loss of the capital embarkedin it, and with a fearful sacrifice of human life; in fact, I havein my eye now my friend Mr. Hector, who I believe is the solesurvivor of that expedition.Well, during the years 1839 and 1841 the enterprise was taken

up by Mr. Robert Jamieson, who sent cut a steamer and navi-gated that river with very great success as far as proving itseapabilitiea for steam navigation, but, unfortunately, with verygreat loss as regarded the capital embarked in it.

Following upon that Her Majesty’s Government sent out inthe year 1841 an expedition, which is popularly known as theNiger Expedition. It was fitted out with great pomp and circum-stance, under the auspices of Prince Albert and a great manyphilanthropic, and benevolent, and religious gentlemen, who tookgreat interest in this expedition. But it produced no commercialresult at all. The arrangements were conceived in such a faultymanner, and everything connected with it so badly organized,that it literally accomplished nothing. It neither added to oarknowledge geographically, nor did it, in fact, attempt to do any-thing commercially.The idea, therefore, lay in abeyance altogether I may say,

until the late Mr. Macgregor Laird, who had ascended the RiverNiger in the year 1832, in the first ex-pedition--he was a memberof that expedition--until Mr. Laird took up the enterprise oncemore. He entered into negotiations with Government, andobtained a subsidy to send an exploring vessel out. He sent outa vessel which Was called the Pleiad, in the year 1854. Thisves~l went up the Chadda, a large branch which joins the RiverNiger, about 270 miles from the sea, and ascended 300 milesabove the confluence, being a distance from the sea altogether of570 miles. I am glad to say that, owing to the precautions takenin this expedition of the Pleiad, there was no loss of life. In theinterval between this and the previous expedition medical sciencehad made such progress that the fearful Io~ of life which pro:viously attended enterpri~s of the kind was happily avoided;and the loss of life in all the expeditions and enterprises subse-quent to that ascent of the Pleiad has not been greater, I maysafely say, than the mortality experienced on other parts of theCoast of Africa.Well, Mr. Laird was encouraged by this success. I should

observe that this last was chiefly an exploratory expedition ; theGovernment, however, gave him leave to trade as well, and thePleiad brought down upon that occasion a cargo worth about2,000L Mr. Laird, therefore, pressed the Government andobtained a subsidy for five years; and he continued his operationsat intervals and with various success until the year 1861, ~henhe unfortunately died, and it became my duty, as his executor,to wind up his affairs in the country and bring everythingdown.It was an enterprise that was greatly beyond the means of any

single individual. It was impossible for Mr. Laird with justice tohimself and bis family to embark sufficient capital to carry out thisgreat enterprise to a satisfactory issue. Aa it was, his means"being cramped, his expeditions were upon a limited scale, andsubjected to heavy losses and failures, and various other con-tingencies; and it resulted in a considerable loss to his estate¯But the Government, I am glad to say, made a handsome com-pensation to me, as his executor, in consequence of the enter-prise and spirit that he had shown in carrying these things out.But the steamers of Mr¯ Laird, notwithstanding, were not such

as he was contemplating to send out when he died. Ho wasjust preparing to reap the fruit of the experience that he hadacquired by his previous enterprises and operations, when he wasuntbrtunately cut off.But these operations, limited in scale as they were, were so far

successful as to convince me that a great deal of good might beaccomplished on the Niger, and that a trade can be developedthere, but that it will take several years to develop it upon aproper scale ; that we can also now, by the.u~ of.steamers thatare better adapted for inland navigation, and by all the improve-ments which have been recently made with reference to navigat-ing the rivers of India; that we can undertake the enterpriseupon conditions and with facilities such as Mr. Laird un-fortunately did not enjoy.The River Niger has been navigated, in the course of these

operations~actually navigated by steamem~up to the rapids ata place called Rouses, which is 400 miles from the sea. aod aa Ihave already said, the steamer Pleiad, in the other branch of theriver, the Chadda, has ascended as far as 570 miles from the sea.Now the natives of the interior of Africa are well known by

all travellers to be of a class very superior to the heathens whoinhabit the sea.coast--the belt of land alon~ -. :--

" .’7

"AuGu~ 23, 1864:] THE ’AFRICAN TIMES. "29

which hitherto our commerce has been confined. The natives ofthe interior are ~ohammedans, and they posse.% comparativelyspeaking, a de~ee of civilization such as is not known on thesea-co~t. They dwell in lage towns, and them is the securityfor property which that necessarily implies. They carry ou alsoa considerable trade------caravan trade; in fact, a gentleman who re-turned from Dr. Baikio’s staff, who was attached to his staff forseveral years, and who I had the pleasure of seeing, told me thatat a place not far from the point where the steamers would reach~not far from the confluence of the rivers, only a few days’ journey,he ~w a caravan arrive with European goods, among which wasloaf sugar, made in "Whitechapel here. Well now, the~ goodshad been landed at Tripoli in the bulk, had been carried by slaveson their backs, across the great Desert of Sahara, and so theycame from one market to the other untilthoy rsaehed to within fif-teen or twenty days’ journey of the point to which by our steamer~iwe could send them. Nowif the trade of Africa is such that itwill bear the heavy expense of transit across the Desert, it surelywill be very greatly developed, if by means of steamers on theriver we could carry these goods~ aud establish a market on theRiver Niger whence the caravans would depart to the interior,instead of from Tripoli. In fact, as I have said, all the goodsare now carried on the head~ of slaves across the Desert in smallpackages, a journey of about six months.Now, the trade that we should look to would be trade in palm-

ell, such as now exists--that is, within a certain distance of thesea-coast. But we should go higher up, and draw our suppliesof palm.oil nearer the source. The present cour~ of the trade isfor the palm-oil to be sent down to the traders at the sea-coastbut we should probably go up, and should thus be able to get itat a lower rate.Then there is another article of produce which we should be

able to obtain, I have no doubt in considerable quantities, in theupper country, eared fines butter, sample parcels of which,consisting of some ten or twenty tons at a time, were broughthome by Mr. Laird’s vessels and also by Mr. Jamieson’s. It is avegetable matter, used by the natives for food, and it will becomeI believe, a very valuable article of import to this country, Itis, as I have said, a sort of article we caa.expecb to get in con-siderable quantities. It is a collection of the driblets of indi-vidual producers; every old wife will boil some of these nuts,skim off the oil, put it into a pot, and it is kept until it gets intocasksland comes home. The development of this trade in Sheabutter will, if we should succeed in carrying out our views, I amsure, astonish us all. I see no reason whatever why it shouldnot follow the same course precisely as the trade in palm-oil.Now, the import of palm-oH in the year 1830 was only 10,000tons; in 1840, it was 15,000 tons; in 1850, it was 21,000 tons;and in 1860 it was 40,000, or one million and a-half sterling.These are the results that I look for.But it is perfectly well known that cotton is an indigenous

plant in the countries to which we should Penetrate ; that it hasbeen grown them for thousands of years probably, an4 it is manu-factured into cloth, and dyed with indigo, which they also culti-vate, and they dye this cloth in a manner which, I dare-say, Mr. Samson will agree, would astonish the dyers ofManchester; and, besides this, there are other articles, which Ineed not enumerate, in which we might create a trade--inaddition to the trade which we might look to create in theimmediate neighbourhood--in the countries immediately border-ing upon the Niger. I think, as I have already said, that weshould at once eztsblish a diversion of the trade from Tripoli, andthat we should be able to supply the great markets in theinterior, Kano and Sockatoo, and Borusu, and other towns whichare ~aid to vary from a hundred to a hundred and fifty or twohundred thousand inhabitants.The company means to establish trading stations at various

points on the river, and to keep them constantly suppliedwithgoods throughout the dry season, as well as when the river isnavigable for vessels of a moderate draught of water, and so to~ve those facilities which Mr. Laird was not able to give. Hewould send up a cargo, barter it right off at a week’s notice, andthe vessel a ould come down again. We propose to establish

regular depht~. ’By this means markets will be formed; thenatives who will bring ivory from the country will know thatthey can exchange it for other goods---European goods; or,whether they bring Shea butter, or anything else, they willknow there is value to be had in exchange for it. For this pur-pose two powerful steamers will. be required for contantly eorres-pondinz~ with the~ _p° ints, and. besides, the~a, two steamers itwill be n~y to have a third of a light draught, drawing,perhaps, two or three-feat water, that might communicate all theyear, so that during the dry season we should still be able tokeep Up our supplies.Now, of course, this would involve a large outlay of capital,

and it would neces.~rily be some years before any return couldbe expected from that outlay. It is, therefore, for this reasonthat we have applied to the Government to sham with us therisk of the attempt, in the shape of a subsidy for maintainingsteam service on the River¯ We have told the Government thatwe should be happy to let these steamers be available for allother parties who, either with goods or passengers, wish toply on the River.We, of course, cannot expect a monopoly of the River, and we

shall be happy to take anybody up and down, charging them fairterms. We shall be happy to co.oporate with anybody in anyway that is fair and reasonable. We do not want to establish amonopoly in the matter, nor to selfishly grasp the thing to our-selves. You must see on all aecoants that it would be impossible.:But inasmuch as we are going to incur a very large outlay in thefirst instance, and ~s we are willing that it should be open to all,if we succeed, to come up and enjoy the fruits of our enterprise,we say to the Government it is fair that we should have someassistance towards maintaining steam navigation on the RiverNiger. Surely, if a subsidy can be justified anywhere--if theCunard subsidy can be justified, where there are independentHues running across the Atlantic without a subsidy--surely fora purpose like this the very small subsidy which we have askedshould be granted. And I believe it is likely it will be granted.I am sorry to say that we have met with some opposition fromthe members of firms engaged in the coast trade. Now, as regardsthese gentlemeu~for I obtained copies of their petitious~theirgrounds of objections to our application are based, I am sorry tosay, upon the narmwest footing that we can conceive. I thinkwe ought to have no difficulty in overcoming tho~ objections;because in point of fact these gentlemen, who have been engagedall their lives, and their fathers before them, in the trade of theWest Coast of Africa, have in point of fact never pushed theirway ’twenty miles from the sea-coast in any direction. Theyhave decried the expeditious of Mr. Laird, and done everything toimpede him. But in addition to that, in carrying on this negotia-tion with the Government, we have not only told the Govern-ment that we are willing to co.operato in a fair and reasonableway with any other persons who may desire to join us; but ffany other persons can satisfy Government that they are able tocarry out the same objects that we desire to carry out, we havetold the Government that we are willing to stand aside, and letthat other party get the subsidy and go up the River Niger, andwe will follow when the result is obtained. We have shownno dezire to be selfish, or to prevent any other parties whateverfrom embarking in the enterprise.Now, I need not enlarge un the moral results which we hope

will follo~r upon our efforts, if we are able to carry out ourviews. Our object is directly your benefit, of course--to forwardyour interests, to extend the trade of the company, and, if pos-sible, to enlarge our business. But if at the same time we cancarry out the great objects for which I imagine that all themoney that has hitherto been expend.ed upon the Niger--thegreat objects for whichit was expended~if we can carry outthese objects, and extend British commerce into the interior ofAfrica, and open up a fresh market for others, and at the sametime strike a great blow at the stave-trade, and introduce com-merce, and with it civilization and the Christian religion into theinterior of Africa, I am sure that the dividends which you ,,rillreceive will not be less acceptable, because they will be accom-panied by these beneficial results. (Applause.)

I

30 THE AFRICAN TIMES. [Avou~ 23, 1864.

i o Z’,T TJIT,I)-f G-8, -Of every desoripfion, adapted to all climates, made portable, so that inexperienced workmen can easily re-erect them.THEAT’RES, CONCERT-ROOMS, HOTELS; BARRACKS, WAREHOUSES, VILLA RESIDENCES, CKWRCHES,SCHOOLS, SCHOOL-ROOMS, SHOPS, MARKET-PLACES, LABOURERS’ COTTAGES, STABLES, LODGES, &c.j &o.

Esn~ and D~Awr~os may be had on application at the Of~ces, 21, MOORGATE-STREET, LONDON.

II~ ClOT I~5OOFII~T~Is the cheapest, llghtest, and most durable of any description of roofing. Is very portable and inexpensive in carriage. CorrugatedIron Sheets, Painted or Galvanised, supplied in any quantity, and packed for exportation.

.. BRIDGES, RAILWAY--STATI’~NS, &e., &e., Manufactured by S. C. HEkIMING and CO.: Experienced Workmen sent to all parts of the World, at a moderate charge.

. ~N~EL’8 PERFUMEKY~is particularly well suited for the

¢’)~~ African Trade, owing to its superiorg~Cfll ~X~.’~ ~ quality, which makes it keep good in%~_~~ any climate. The following articles

~ ~r~-r~ are particularly recommended :~RIM3IEL’S Toilet Vinegar and Lavender Water.RIMMEL’S Marrow Oil and Phi Income for the Hair.RIMMEL’S Windsor, Honey, Glycerine, and other Toilet

Soaps.RIMMEL’S Perfumes for the Handkerchief, Tooth Pow-

ders, &c., b.c.RIMMEL, Perfumer by appointment to H.R.H. the

Princess of Wales.

Sole Agent for the Coast of Africa,3[. L. LEVIN, 1, BEVIS MARKS, LONDON.

B EADS, HARDWARE, CORALS, &c., on SALE at M. L.Lenin’s Warehouse, Benin Marks, London.

List of Goods now ready: Large Yellow Agra Beads, dittoBlack, ditto Green, Seed Beads all Colours, :Fancy Agra Beads,Pipe and Bend Corals, Imitation Corals, Musket :Flints, Cowries,Geneva in Green Cases, Brandy ditto, Gin ditto, Champagneditto, Cordials ditto, Sardines, Candle~, Perfumery (Rimmel’s),Drugs (Lamp]ough’s), Muskets, Matchetts, Swords, BowieKnives, Table ditto, Locking.g~, Wine ditto, Tumblers,Clothing.

M. L. LEV1N, BEVIS MARKS, LONDON, E.C.

W EST COAST of AFRICA, MADEIRA, and TENERIFFE.--The African Steam-ship Company’s vessels (carrying Her

Majesty’s Mails) leave LIVERPOOL monthly, with goodsand pas=-engers, proceeding direct ta MADEIRA, TENERIFFE,BATHURST, SIERRA LEONE, CAPE PALLAS, CAPECOAST CASTLE, ACCRA, LAGOS, BENIN, :hUN, BRASS,BONNY, FERNAND0 PO, CAMEROONS, and OLDCALABAR.Norz.--Goods for Sz~m~ Lzo.~’E will be delivered at consignees’

risk into the Company’s floating dep6t, from whence delivery isto be taken within seven days after arrival, otherwise they willbe landed and put into Customs warehouse at consignees’ riskand expense, under stop for charges. Goods for EZm’~A,~DO Pcand the Rivers are transhipped at Bo~xr, and forwarded bybranch Steamer at shippers’ risk.The E plendid new steamship CALABAR, 1,200 tons and 240-

horse power, A. A 3[. CROFT, Commander, ~ill leaveLIVERPOOL on Wedne~ay, Aug. 24, st 12 noon. Pa~engersembark by steam tender, leaving the North Landing Stage at10.30 x.u. punctually. Goods and heavy baggage must be along.side the ship at the loading berth, Huskisson Dock, not later thannoon of the 22nd. No goods or parcels can be shipped withoutpre-payment of freight.For further information apply, in Liverpool, to the agents,

Messrs. FLETCHER and PARR, 23, Castle.street; or at theCompany’s U~c~s, 14, Lemdenhall-street, London.

[/~OTTON, WOOL, and other Material, PRESSED andxJ PACKED by WALKER’S PATENT ROTATINGPRESS, in HALF the USUAL TIME. ~ugar Mills forSplitting the Can% Palm :Nut Assorters, Nut Crackers, andevery kind of Machine for Africa or India.

17, COWPER STREET, CITY ROAD, LONDON/

LAMPLOUGH’S PYRET’~C SALINE.~fferu*¢~a a~ tazfe~, it* coasfant sue i~ e.~via~ly caleMated to ~a~..

fain ~alth a~ vreve~# 8ma~l..por, Fever#; and Avail.e.g.

Her Majesty’s representative, the Governor of Sierra Leone, in a letterof request for an additional supply, state*, "It is of great value; it shouldbe in the hands of all Europeans visiting the tropics."

FelS an agreeable effer~esdmg remedy, of great effieavy in all kincls ofver and Blood diseases, espociMIy those occurring during hot weather,Dr. Gibbon, Staff-Surgeon in the Crimean war, stat~ that Europeanresidents in hot conntries find that the use of this refreshing bev~geprevents exhausting perspiration grid ira alternative deadly fever.The elegance, purity, and u~efulness of the In’eparbtlon has been certified

by, some of the most eminent physicians in the Army, Naval, and’Ho~talservice of Great Britain.It acts by purifying and lowering the temperature of the blood ; hence

its great importance to all personsseeking to reside with safeiy and comfortin_’tropical countries, or subjected to unusual heat.His Excellency the Governor of the We~t India Colonies, in a letter of

request for an sd&tional suppty, states, "After a residence of seventeenyears~n the Colonies, I am bound to admit it is the finest and best prepare- -ticn x nave ever met with. I keep it on’my sideboard, hoping that o..tIAerli,seeing it, will be induced to take andprofit as Ihave done by it. I attl-ilmle theexcellent state of my health to its use, and I lose no oi~-rt~ly bf-uxgi=gothers to take it." -~ "Lieutenant.Colonel Murray, tat West India Regiment, Sierra Leone:

" I have enjoyed unh~terrupted health since I have taken your l~etieSaline."Dr. Sparks, the Government Medical Inspector, Port of London, bears

cordial testimony to its efficacy in chronic forms of Gastric complaints andFebt fie Dyspepsi s.William Stevens, Esq., M.D.. D.0.L., states, in his work on West India

Fevers, that wherever the saline treatment is ~opted the fatal yellowfevers are deprived of their terrors.Oat of One Thousand cases treated on the SMine plat), "the astonishing

number of Nine Hundred and Eighty.nine recoTered-."Orders for the West Co~t of Africa promptly executed per return of

mail by the Sole Manufacturer, 113, Holbern-hill, London, W.O., or by M.L. Levin, Shipping Agent, Boris.mark.% he hav~ng ~pe:iaI cerreqxmdentsat Bathurst, Cape Coast, Anamabo, Acera~ Lagos. Cameroons, Bonny, andOld CMabar. Agent for Sierra Leone, J. B. Elliot, Esq,; Mes~r~. Bidenand Gardner, Cape Town, who are appointed also for the sale of the

CONOENTRATED ESSENCE OF PERUVIAN BARK,Superior and more agreeable than Quinine, it truly eentain~ all the

elements cf the Cinchona Bark, dissolved out by a peculiar process, thateliminat~ entirely the active principle, adding nmteritlly to its eAtlca~ ~ aremedial agent ; being fluid, it does nat Pass off or through the s~etem, ,mQuinine ocessionally does, it sits easier on the stomach, and will notproduce either he.~lache or constipation, mixes well with water, vine, orspirits, being exclusive, very important, rare and valuable properties fullyappree~attd by all who use it.--Sole Maker, H. LAMPLOUGH, ChemL~,113. HOLBORN.HILL. LONDON, W.C.Printed by WILU~ Jo~ JoI~,.-so.’.’, at 121, Fhet-~reet, in ~e City cf London ;

Pa~l~bed by h~m, for the Africa.n.AId ISociety, at 8, AdelpM-tcrrace,~trtnd, I~n4~.~

SUPPLEMENT TO

8~

AFRICAN TIg[ES {No,...... --w-

ADELPH£ TERRACE, STRAND,

38},AUG, 23, 186t

LONDON.

THIRD REPORTFRO.~ MARCH, 1S53, TO AUGUST, 18~1.

Ix presenting their third Report, the Society feel constrained togive prominence to those changes affected during the past year,under which this Society has become, perhaps, tha most cheaplyadministered of all the philanthropic Societies of London.In the second Report, published in August last, it was stated

that "temporary nrrangements had been made, by which theexpenditure of the Society, during the time they might be inforce, would be reduced to a maximum of 200L per annum."These arrangements were only intended to serve for a period

of transition ; and st the beginuing of February. of the presetyear, the Secretary announced by letter to the Chairman hisdetermination not in future to accept any remuneration or emo-lument whatever ~om the Society; offering at the same time tocontinue to conduct its affaks as heretofore, including the editor-ship of the African Time~, as tYonorary 8ecretary. Specialmeetings of the Council were called, in order to effect the changesconsequent upon this proposal, which was accepted by theCouncil. Mr. Fitzgerald was unanimously elected an HonorarySecretary, and as such has since conducted, and will D.V. con-tinue to conduct, the affairs of the Society.Simultaneously with this economical ’change, the Council

authorized the sub-letting of a portion of the Society’s Rooms,which it was found could be disported with. By this a furthersaving of 30L per annum was affected.The current expenses of the Society since the 1st February,

1864, consist therefore of 52L per annum for salary of clerk, 30Lper annum for rent, and the unavoidable charges for cleaningnieces, fire, postage, stationery, occasional printing, with theordinary petty disbursements; aud it is believed that the entireexpenditure may, aud will, thus be kept within the sum of onehundred and ten pounds (110/.) a-year.There can be no doubt that this sum ought {o be furnished by

annual sub~riptions of an amount that wilt not prove onerous toany individual. Subscribers to the Society will have the satis-faction of knowing that the sums they contribute are applieddlrecfly to the objects for which they are destined, and a littleeffort on the part of the friends of the Society would certainlyresult in an a~ured income of above 200L per annum, which itis desirable should be available for the Society, in order to guardagainst all probable contingencies. The friends of the Societyare therefore entreated to use their influence for the attainmentof this object.

co~ov~z~ z.~zo~zox ~o A~cs.r~e enormous pretensions of all the people of colour who

offered them~lves in Canada and the United States for emigra-tion. to Africa, made it hopele~ for the Society to endcavourto raise the money that would have been indispensable for theirvoyage to, and establishment in, Africa.The total change in the status of the coloursd population

in America, consequent on the war now raging between theNo,hem and Southern States, rendered it advisable alsd that no

further effort, as regards the removal of any of them to Africa,should be made until after the termination of the war, when itis probable that a portion of the most intelligent of the peoplewill organi~ a spontaneous emigration, which will only requirethe aid of this Society to facilitate their advantageous settlementin Africa on their arrival them.

rx~PX~.~,zZOX Ix A~RICA ~’o~. Xm~RA.’,-rS.Meanwhile the efforts of the Society are directed to the

affecting such beneficial changes at various parts of WesternAfrica, such material improvements, and such industrial de-velopments, as shall make the West Coast and its adjacentcountries more attractive than hitherto to those of African race,who may have obtained a greater or less degree of Christiancivilization and knowledge, in the United States and the othertransatlantic countries. In this political field, and field of in-dustrial stimulus, the Society is working with untiring effort.

XlSS n-essay’s SLXVr. ~D.

In the Repcr~ last issued allusion was made to a fundcreated by accumulations under a bequest of Miss Hussey, in1715. The gentlemen who had by invitation consented to actas trustees of this fund were not summoned to:meet, ashad been ofcourse expected. The Society, therefore, adclre~ed the Master ofthe Rolls on the sub~ect, expressing a deep regret that the nomi-nation of trustees had not been proceeded With, and a hope thatthey would soon bo invited to meet. Instead of this being done,the Secretary to the fund, nominated by the Attorney-General(Mr. Clabon, of Mesas. 6qabon and Feardn, Solicitors), ad-dressed letters to merchants and others connected with Africa,St. Helena, &c., for further information and opinions--a coursewhich, as might have been expected, has not yet led to any prac-tical result. The Society will do all tha.t can be done for makingthis fuud, now amounting to above 20,0001., available for thebenefit of the Africau races. A scheme for its disposal is nowsaid to be preparing:by the Attorney-General.

H’O~LLW SACRIFICES LN DA llOM~X’.

In 3une, 1863, the Society represented to Her Majesty’sGovernment the impropriety of any person in Dahomey, on anofficial relation from Great Britain, consenting to become daybyday spectators of the human slaughter which takes place at theCustoms, held in Abemey and Cannah. The Society urged"that it should be a condition exacted from the King of ])a-homey, by any future British Envoy, before proceeding to hiscapital, that there should be no human sacrifices during his stayat the above-named places, such sacrifices being abhorrent to thefeelings and principles of Christian people, and such as noChristian Envoy should ever sanction by his presence."Learning that instructions were being sent out by the

August mail to Mr. Consul Burton to proceed on an official visitto the King of Dahomey, this subject of obtaining a promisefrom the King, that there should be no human sacrifices duringhis stay, was again urged strongly on Her Majesty’s Government,and the Society were informed at, at indr~¢.tions would be for-warded 3y f~ ~ame mail to Mr. Comul Burton to obtain suchpromise from the King.

. !

SUPPLEMENT TO THE AFRICAN TIMES. [Auausr 23, 1864.Mr. Consul Burton’s Report has not yet been publlshed;

but the Society have, of course, every reason to believe that theinstructions then ~ven by Her Majesty’s Government have beenfaithfully observed, and the Council feel that it must be verypleasing ’to the members of the Society generally that such aresult should have been obtained.

JOINr-SIOCK COxtP3_~’rES £OR WEar &FKICA.It became evident, at an early period of the Society’s action,

that new elements were wanting for the promotion of industrialdevelopment, and the consequent advance of civilization on theWest Coast of Africa. The commerce between England and theCoast, in private hands, as hitherto carried on, did not affordthat amount of stimulus Which was indispensable to an increasedratio of progress ~ every way desirable for Great Britain aswell as for Africa, which must also require the application ofcapital for developing the resources of the soil. Although, there.fore, the Society could not of itself take any part whatever incommercial enterprises, it aimed, in the first place, at thecreation of 3oint-Stock Companies for trade with Africa as anabsolutely necessary instrument for bringing portions of WesternAfrica, until then having no legitimate trade with this country,into humanizing and civilizing mercantile connexion with her.The Society is therefore glad to be able to state that the

summer of 1863 witnessed the formation of twb new Com-mercial Joint-Stock Companies for Trading on the West Coastof Africa. The close of 1862 had seen the advent of the WestAfrica Company, Limited; the spring of 1863 the EgyptianTrading Company; and in 3uly, 1863, the London and AfricaCompany, Limited, and the Company of African Merchants,Limited, were established. The application of the limitedliability principle to the African trade, and the creation ofpowerful Companies under its regulations, marks an importantera in the affairs of the West Coast. There can be no doubt thatindustrial development ~vill be stimulated by their operations.It must therefore be a source of great ~Esfacfion to the Society,that its efforts in the African cause are considered on all handsto have been the indispensable pioneers in this important move-ment; and that it is believed such Companies could not havesucceeded in establishing themselves as theyhave done, withoutthe previous efforts of this Society. The Society regards apowerful ~oiut-Stock Company as a great agent for the pro-motion of civilization in Africa, and will have occasion in thisRepor~ to show that evidence has been already furnished injust~cafion of this view taken by the Society.( ~’de Dahomey,pp. 4.)

]FORt OF QUITTAIL

It is &eply to be regretted that the Fear of Q~rrx~r hasnot yet hen re-occupied by a British detachment. The neces-sity of this re-occupation had been long urged upon the Govern-ment, and when last year’s Report was issued there was reasonto believe, as therein stated, that orders for carrying it intoeffect had been given.:Finding, ia November, 1863, that nothing had been done,

and that the transit of slaves through Quittah, from Ashanteeand the Ve!:a district generally, to the ports ef Dahomey forshipment w~s constant, large, and increasing, urgent letters onthe subject were sent by the Society to the then Secretary ofState for the Colonies, under datecf the 7th and 17th November,lamenting the ccnfinuanee of this great abuse, and renewingtheir application that a stol! should at once be put to practices soiniquitous and injurious.A reply was received, dated the 19th ~Novemberj in which the

Duke of Newcastle state% "that the re.vccupadon of that fort(QnRtah)" has been delayed in consequence of the impe.~sibilRyof detaching a suffident number of men for that purpose," andthat "the Governor (of the Gold Coast) has stated to theColonial-office, that he is very sensible of the importance of re-occupying Quittah as soon as it may be practicable to do so."

coYeo.

In the River Congo a great diminution of the slave-tradewas "known to have taken place¯ The Society, therefore, on the9th :December last, represented to Her Majesty’s C-overnment theadvisability of some complete survey of that fine river (whichhas not any obstructive bar at its mouth, as is usual in Africanrivers), in order that legitimate commerce, which had for manyyears been almost entirely excluded, might again bo organisedand carried on there, the regions through which the river flowsbeing very productive.

CAPB COAST KND ASHAI~/EE.

By the December mail the Society received intelligencethat fifteen soldiers of the 4th West India Regiment had died,and that a large number were seriously ill, the disease beingcaused principally by "the great impurity of the water theresupplied to the troops." The Society brought this subjectimmediately under the notice of Her ]k[ajesty’s Government, andinformed them that, after mature inquiry, they had found that anapparatus guaranteeing the complete purification of 1,500gallons per diem could, if Her Majesty’s Government so resolved,be obtained and sent out by the January mail, and applied at atotal cost of less than 100/., and probably not exceeding 60Lor 70LThe Coloniai-office replied that fifty dripstenes had been already

sent, and a condensing apparatus would immediately follow, alsothat "instructions had been issued by the War-office to the Com-m£ssariat to reduce the supply of salt rations by substitutingfresh or preserved meat, as circumstances might admit." Thecondensing apparatus, unfortunately, never produced more than500 gallons a-day.

I~’A TI’YE SUEOEONS.

Her ~ff~jesty’s Government advertised for assistant-surgeonsfor the West Coast of Africa. The 8~iety had long been con-vinced of the advisability of increasing the number of nativeAfrican surgeons in the Government employ on the West Coast,and forwarded to the Educational Committee of the War-office,in the months of December, 1863, and ~’anuary, 1864, certainproposals made by J’. Africanus Herren, ZLD, 8.A.8., employedon the Gold Coast, for the establishment of a Medical School atSierra Leone for the educated natives of various parts of Africa.On the let of February, 186~, the Society addre~¢.ed Earl de

Grey and Ripen, President of the Educational Committee andSecretary at War, representing the perfect immunity from" yellowfever enjoyed by the native born African at periods when thatdestructive epidemic sweeps off the Europeans from the WestCoast of Africa ; and pointing out that native Africans having beenproved to be fully capable, if properly educated, of obtaining anadequate degree of efficiency in surgery and medicine, it seemedmost desirable that precautions should be taken, by an additionto the number of native surgeons employed, to prevent therecurrence of that lack of medical assistance, on the "West Coastwhich has often been occasioned by the sickness and death ofEuropean surgeons there. The Society deem the increa~ inthe number of African surgeons to be an important and indis-pen~ble aid to the progress of civilization in Western Africa, andtherefore solicited that Her Majesty’s Government would give to

kvovs~ 23, 1864.] suPPLE~ENP TO THE AFRICAN TIMES.

any suggestions with such object "that full and impartial con-sideration which Her Majesty’s Government must naturally bedisposed to give to a matter connected with an economy ofvaluable European life in Africa--an ultimate economy of moneyin the medical department of ]=[er Majesty’s service in Africa--and an effective application of the inestimable benefit of medicaland surgical skill among the suffering multitudes of Africa, whoare known to appreciate this result of our civilization wheneverit is brought within their reach." The reply of the Secretary ofState for War was unfavourab]e, on the ground that the matterwas "more intimately connected with civil or colonial employ-ment and considerations." The Society felt this view to be anincorrect one; and their opinions have been but too fully andlamentably justified by the great sickness and mortality amongthe European officers employed on the Gold Coast, where theprincipal burden of medical service during an almost unexampledsickness among the troops has fallen upon Dr. Horton and Dr.DaVies, the only two native African staff assistant-surgeons them.The following table of sickness and mortality among the

Officers at the Gold Coast (in which the surgeons are markedwith an ~) will, in the belief of the Society, bring conviction onthe subject to the mind of every impartial person :~Lis~ of 08?eer~ Dead and I.ralided dnce t~ Comme~ceme.~ of thepre~ent A,fiantto Di~adHt, on t~e Gold Coa~ of We, tern.Africa, from .M’ay, 1863, 1o dune. 10. 1864 :--

Names of Officers.

S. B. Lamb ..........G. J. Ivey ..........C. F. Welt ..........W. R. l[ulliner ......Thomas Herrick..__ homas V D.’uayD. B. Gabb .........P. W. Kingsmill .....S. McDonough ......C. I. Barnard ......A. W. M’Kay .......~[. W. B. EdwardesW. A. Williams ....

Danger ........if. B. ffackson ......~’. Thomson ..........J. W. Kean ..........~. D. E. Cross. .......W. Low ............C. F. Barry ..........F. Blacklin ..........:F. D. Crozier ........A. W. Dathie ........A. R. Lees ..........

Stewart ..........G. :F. Coward ........A. M. Brock ........A¯ :F. Wilkinson ......C. B. ~’L. ~orales ....C. O. Bulgar ........I. lq’. Briea ..........H. L. Baldwin .....#-- 8chroeder .......#~ G’--h’ow .........*-- Rutherford .....#-- Hooper ........."~ Gmig .........#-- Oughton .......~ Lewis .........#-- Sanderson .....-- Goldie ............

WhatRegiment.

4th W. I. R.ditto

O. C. A.3rd W. I. R¯4th W. I. R.

dittodittoditto

3rdW. I. B.4th W. I. R.

dittoditto

2nd W. I. R.G. C. ~.

3rd W. I. R.G. C. A.

2nd W. I. R.G. C. A.

3rd W. I. R.4th W. I. R.

dittoditto

2nd w. I. R.4th W. I. R.

4th W. I. R.ditto

3rdW. I. R.4th W. L R.

dittoO. C¯ A¯

2nd W. I. R.Attached.

o,

o¯

¯ |

oo

Rank of t Dead orOfficers. ]Invalided.

Lieut.- Colonel Invalided.Major

Captain

Lieutenant

,#

Ensign

S. Surgeonks~t. Surgeon

Clerk of Works

Dead.

Invalided.

Dead.Invalided.Dead.

I,

|,

Invalided.,|

$,

Dead.

Invalided,Dead.

Invalided,

¯ ’Dead.

The Society feel bound, therefore, to continue their efforts fora considerable increase in the number of native African surgeonsin Her Majesty’s service on the West Coast of Africa.

RIVER NIOER.

The Society has never cea~d to urge upon Her Majesty’sGovernment the necessity, in the interests of African civilization,ef establishing steam navigation on the River Niger in some waythat would secure its permanency, and that it should not againbe discontinued in consequence of the death of a single individual,as in the case of the late lamented Mr. McGregor Laird.The Society followed up its former efforts by again impressing

on Her Majesty’s Government, by letter dated let :February, theimpossibility of the friends of Africa making any adequate effortsfor the spread of civilization in the interior by way of the ~iger,until such steam navigation should be permanently establishedon that river.Mr. Peel replied, on behalf of the Treasury, that the Go-

vernment did not feel disposed to make any farther grants ofmoney for such purposes.Some Niger papers have lately been placed before Parlia-

ment, having reference to certain proposals made to the Govern-ment by the Company of African Merchants (and West AfricanCompany) for the prosecution of that great enterprise. Fromthese papers it sppeam that there is no hops of anything beingdone during the present year.The Society have also been semi.officially informed that

Dr. Baikie, the Government Resident Agent in the river, is nowto be withdrawn.Great opposition has been made by the private European

merchant traders to Africa against any grant; and there seemsreason to believe that such opposition has prevailed with theTreasury against the known sympathies and recommendations ofLord Palmerstou and Earl Ruse-ell. Such a disappointment ofhopes which the Society had reasonably entertained of seeing theNiger opened to steam navigation this year is greatly to bedeplored.The Niger papers alluded to will be published in the African

Titan, and the Society will renew its eudeavours to obtain steamnavigation on the Niger whenever a favourable opportunity mayoffer.

TURNER~S PENI~’$ULAR¯

Turner’s Peninsular, near ~Sierra Leone, on the WestCoast of Africa, was ceded to Great Britain in 1826 ; but thecession was not accepted by the Government of this country.There is a strong desire both in Sierra Leone and in Turner’sPeninsular for the annexation of the latter to Sierra Leone.The Society conceive that there is a marked distinction between

thus extending the bounds of a colony and doing anything withthe object merely to acquire new possessions on the Coast. Theytherefore ventured to express a hope to l~er Majesty’s Govern-ment that, should the chiefs of Turner’s Peninsular renew theact of cession, this country would admit of the annexation of thatterritory to the colony of Sierra Leone¯The Secretary of State, in his reply, rather discourages the

belief that Her Majesty’s Government would be induced toaccept the territory that might be thus ceded, there being"serious objections to the extension of our territories and respon-sibilities on the West Cdast of Africa."

~OLY3LAh’, OALLL’~AS, ~A~N’NA, AND MUI~AN ~ERRIIOKIT-,S.

The Liberiau Government, having claimed the acknow-ledgment of the Sherbro, at the northern boundary of Liberia,

.:t.-

I

t

l

: I

i

@ SUPPLEMENT TO THE AFRICAN TIMES. [AuGusT 23, 1864.

the examination of titles was deputed to Commissioners appointedby Great Britain and Liberia. The British Commissionersdecided against the Liberian claims, which included tha Solyman,Gallinas, Manna, and X[attau territories.It is greatly to be deplored that those countries should continue

to feed the small slave-trade which is being continually carriedon from them to the Portuguese possessions northward, and whichgives great trouble to the authcriti~ of Sierra Leone. Thesefruitful territories might be made very productive by legitimatetrade, if the chiefs were under the restraint of subjection to SierraLeone. The constant waste of human life there by native warscan only thus be prevented. And the educational resources ofSierra Leone are now so extensive, that the colony is capable ofexercising a constantly-increasing civilizing influence on the~rest Coast, and particularly on the neighbouring countries. TheSociety, therefore, ventured to suggest to Her Majesty’s Govern-meat the propriety of preparing for the gradual reception of thoseterritories into the colony of Sierra Leone, whenever the chiefsand t’ings might so desire. It was nrly a suggestion to theGovernment--though an important one--and not demanding anypresent decision or reply.

ASILKNrEE WAR.

The lamentable war with Ashantee, which has beenattended with so much sickness and loss of hfe among the troopsemployed at Cape Coast, has greatly occupied the attention of theSociety during the last few months. The Society cannot avoidexpressing its deep regret that those material influences, otherthan the action of an armed force, which might have been broughtto bear on hshantee with a power that the Society believed wouldhave conduced to a pacific arrangement, were not resorted to.The Society has been year after year urging the construc-

tion of a good military road from the coast to the kshantee fron-tier. At the commencement of the present difficulties withAshantee, they represented that to make such a road should be thefirst among the means to be employed. They also recommended rathe strongest mauner that the Volta River should not be allowedto be used for supplying the Ashantees with European goods,munitions of war, &e., aud above all that the continued supplyof salt from the coast at Adds, without which it is said theAshantees canuot exist, should be made to depend upon a pacificarrangement being arrived at.The Society do not wish to dwell upon what might have

been the beneficial results, had their suggestions been followed.The Society’s work is to make the best of the actual state ofaffairs, where it cannot make its counsel prevail. It is, therefore,in constant private communication with Her Majesty’s Govern-ment for forwarding such measures as may make the latecalamities lead to great and lasting good.They have season to hope and believe tbet a good military

road will now be made and maintained from the coast to theAshantce frontier ; that other roads will be also made; and thata greater impetus than hitherto will be given administratively toell that may tend to the development of the material resources ofthe territories.

DUrCII POSSE~SIONS ON THE GOLD CoAst,

It was impossible that such subjects should be under con-sideration and discussion without the difficulties created throughthe intermixture of the Dutch settlements on the Gold Coast withthose of Great Britain being adverted to. The Society, therefore,printed a translation of an important pamphlet lately publishedin Holland (this was sent to the Government, with a letter, on the

4th Juno), relative to those Dutch po.~sessions. Hitherto, theonly feasible arrangement thought of seems to be the cession ofthe Dutch possessions to Great Britain; the Dateh Government inthis following the example of Denmark, who ceded those whichshe possessed on the same coast in 1851. But the Society regretto say that this most important question has not made much pro-gress. The Dutch Government have not expressed any willing.ness to cede their possessions, and it is not thought they would,in any case, do so without being paid for them; while the :BritishGovernment evince no desire to become purchasers, or to acceptthem in any other way than as a gift to them, which would bean annual saving of nearly ll,000L a-year to the NetherlandsGovernment. The Society attach great importance to bringingthe entire (}old Coast under British dominion, and ~ leave noposgble effort untried to induce the two Governments to recon-sider this question with a vie~v to its settlement.

Dzrvrx~zo.x zo z~s C0~oxL~-0~nC~.

On the 4th of June, the Society solicited an audience of theSecretary of State for the Colonies, and were received by Mr¯Cardwell in deputation on the 18th June. The desires andviews of the Society with regard to the Protected Territories ofthe Gold Coast, in connexion with the Ashantee difficulty, wereexplained, and the Rev. M. Schenke, Basle ]~fdssicnary from theGold Coast, who attended the deputation, was heard at length bythe Secretary of State for the Colonies, as to the wants and neces-sities of those territories, and especially of the Eastern District.It is hoped that much good may result from this interview.

SIERI~ LEONE LA’DUSTRIAL EX]EIIBITIOI~.

It is not only a gratifying sign of progress in Africa, but alsoan additional proof of what may be done by the appointment ofgood governors to our African possessions, that an Industrial Exhi-bition should be in course of organization at Sierra Leone.This :Exhibition ori~nated with, and has been ardently pro-

moted by, his Excellenoy~ Governor :Blackall, and by CommodoreWilmot, senior officer of the squadron on the Coast. It is in-tended that it shall be held at the close of the present year. TheCouncil of this Society opened a subscription in aid of the fundbeing collected for defraying the expenses. The contributionsmade to the Society for the purpose in :England have been regu.lady advertised in the African Tim~. The total amount knownto have bean subscribed in the colony when the June mail for :Eng-land left was 7501., which, with 60L subscribed here, raises thefund at present to above 800l. A much larger amount is required,and the Society cannot avoid expressing the hope that the friendsof Africa in this country will yet come forward liberally to aidin this most praiseworthy effort at Sierra Leone.This Exhibition at Sierra Leone must be regarded rather

as a stimulus to what is wanted and could be done in the colony,than as an evidence of what has yet been accomplished. Theagriculture of the colony has heen greatly neglected. The in-tell/gent classes of the community failed to comprehend the noblecharacter of industrial effort made for developing the naturalresources of the colony, and turned their attention principally totrade. It is most desirable, therefore, that the present step inthe right direction should be practically encouraged by the friendsof Africa in Great Britain.

LEOIrIHATE ~£RADE WITH DAHO’WEY,

Dahomey has always occupied the attention of the Society,one of whose earliest public efforts was a deputation to LordPalmerston to urge on Her lfejesty’s Government the adoption of

Ava.~ 23, 1864.] SUPPLEMENT TO THE i_-VRIOIN TIMES.

measures that might bring about a change of system there. TheSociety has never ceased to recognise that the war slave-hunts,and the massacres at Customs, could only be adequatelyattacked by legitimate trade. They have never ceased in desireand effort to promote this great civiliser, and to bring its power-ful influence to bear on the bloodthirsty practices and supersti-tions of Dahomey. It is, therefore, with very great satisfactionthey are enabled to state that, through the co-operation of theCompany of African Merchants (the formation of which lastsummer has been already adverted io), the trial of its influencein Dahomey has fairly commenced. Mr. William Craft, havingreceived encouragement from the King, has been established bythat Company as their representative at Whydah ; and efforts arenow making to prove to the King and chiefs, bypractieal results,the great advantages which the cultivation and export of cottonwill procure for them and their people. The King and chiefshave premised, that if revenues can be obtained by the cultivationand export of cotton, equal to or greater than those derivedfrom the export of slave% the slave-trade shall be discontinued.And there can be little reason to doubt that, under such circum-stances, the new value given to human life would tend greatlyto modify, if not altogether to abolish, the system of humansacrifices which has hitherto so horribly prevailed. Mr. Craft,who is of African descent, has already obtained in Dahomey thename of "the truthful black Englishman," and is listened to bythe King; and the Company of Af~eau Merchants are really on-tided to the thanks of the Society, not only for undertaking theeffort at "Whydah, which individual merchants had all refused todo~ but for having selected Mr. Craft as their representative there¯

ABEOKU~A x.~ rAGes.The great repulse of the King and army of Dahomey, by the

Abeokutaus affords just grounds for congratulation; hut wemust, at the same time, express our r%~rets that the differencesbetween the authorities of Loges and those of Abeokuta remainunsettled, and that trade between those places has not been re-sumed. The same feelings among a certain portion of theinhabitants of Abeokuta which finally l~mvailed against theintroduction of settlers from America, and the reception of aBritish Vice-Consul, have prevailed against the British colony ofLoges. There is reason, however, to hope that the mutual wantsof the two places will shortly lead to that renewal of friendlyrelations under which alone the increase of cotton planting andof other industrial efforts can be expected.

~rssr ,xA~rVX ~tucsw sis~oP.

The Society cannot allow to pass unnoticed the consecra-tion of Dr. Samuel Crowther, as first Bishop of the newly-formedSee of the ~’iger Districts. Dr. Crowther was sold as a slave,when a boy, from those districts over which he is now to exercise -episcopal authority as a’ Bishop of the Anglican Church. Thisfact is in itseff evidence of a great change in the relation ofnative Africa with Europe and the world at large; and theSociety hope that the attention to the affairs of Africa, whichthis elevation of a native African to episcopal dignity hasawakened ia England, may lead to increased effort for thegeneral advancement and civilization of countries so long syste-matically brntalised andi depopulated hy the foreign slave trade,and commend itseff to the thoughtful attention of the freeblacks in the United State~, in connexion with the efforts making

there for the abolidou of slavery and the advancement of theAfricans in the social scale.

ASSlSZX-XCZ, &c. zo ~cezr. s~vrz.

As in former years, an amount of good has been done amongdestitute refugee slaves in England, that is not at all representedby the small outlay annually shown in the Society’s accounts forsuch purposes. Temporary distress has been relieved, situationson board ship have been obtained, and assistauce has been ~ventoward emit’ration to Liberia, by gentlemen connected with theSociety, who have been privately solicited for tbe~e purpose~.

PVBLIC ~_LE ETLNOS.

No public meetings whatever have been held during thepast year. The Society keep this accessory in reserve for occa-sions that may possibly arise, when the raising of some fund fora specialobject would justify the outlay which necessarily attendssuch meetings.

THZ c~ A~’RICAN T~."

The monthly journal of this Society, the African ~’mez,has now entered upon the fourth year of its existence. Its cir-culation has sufficiently increa~-<l to enable sixteen pages to begenerally issued in lieu of eight, with which the publicationcommenced. The Society have reason to believe that this journal,which has between 300 and 400 subscribers in Africa, hasalready effected great good; and to hope that, if adequatelysupported, it may, with God’s blessing, prove to be an importantinstrument in the promotion of good government, of materialprogre:,s, of industrial development, and of civilization in Africa.The friends of the Society are earnestly entreated to obtain for itnew subscribers, and a generally-increased support.

pARIJ.AM~N’~ A RY COMx-.IxrT~¯

Notice has been given in the House of Commons of a metierfor a Committee of :Enquiry into the affairs of the Gold Coast,early in next ensuing Sea.s/on. The Society feel that thismay mark an important era in the history of the progress ofcivilization and industry in Africa. Efforts will therefore bemade to ensure that the claims, wants, and value of theBritish possessions in Western Africa shall be adequately pre-sented before the Committee by competent witnesses.

ACCOD2qIS.

The accounts as audited will appear at foot.

A~PEAL. ¯

The great human family, under the influence of pro~e=-sivecivilization, has ever.increasing wants. A productive Africabecomes thus every year more and more needed to meet thegrowing demand for tropical and other commodities. In strivingto bring the powers of civilization to bear upon poor and inertAfrica, for stimulating the development of her latent naturalwealth~ the African-Aid Society is working for the generalinterests of humanity. ~rhile miss:.onary effoEt is directed tothe benefit of the individuals in a barbarous community, theenergies of this Society are employed for aiding the more rapidelevation of such communRies in the scale of civilization; andthese are works that ought equally to enlist the sympathies andsecure the co.opersting assistance of every one who desires thehappiness of mankind, and the glory of God.

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6 BUPPLB~TENT TO THE AFRICAN TI~IES. [Auousr 23, 1864.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS

To balance in hands of Secretary. £I I i 8

,, Balance at bankers’. ̄ 150 1 8

,, Subscriptions and donations 335 5 6

-~.

3 io

FROM APRIL 1, 1863, TO AUGUST 1, 1864.

By balance of John~u’s old printing account(1860-1-2-3) . £96

Stationery 8Postage ¯Travelling expensesNewspaper accountCleaning, coals, l~ght, &c."Miscellaneous.Az~istance to negroesMeeting at Fendall’s He(el1~ew Printing account (1863-4)Rent, one year and a-halfSecretary, clerks, &c. ̄Chair to Make of AbeokutaCheque-book and[ di~ount . ¯Balance at bankers’, August 1, 1864

12 015 2

12 16 4418 74 15 2718 13 13 42 10 10I 5 01 1 0

90 0 0184 5 011 14 00 9 456 15 0

£487 8 10,

=.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 1864.The Annual General Zfeeting washeldattheSooiety’sRoomsonEsq., and carzied unanimously: "That the Honorary Secretary

the 25th 3uly. The Report and statement of accounts were be instructed to draw up a short abstract~ of the last year’sread and approved, and ordered to be published. The other proceedings of this Society, to be printed and widely circulated;general business of the annual meeting having been transacted,and that an appeal he made for the raising of the income ofthe following resolution was moved by 5. Purcell FitzGerald,the Society to 200l. per annum."

# It is intended to i~e th~s Abstract with the September or October number of the dfrica, Ti~ne-y.

Printed by Wltw.~x Jo~.~ Je;i.~’~.~.~, :,% I91, F~c:~.~Ir.:~t [~ th~ C’:tv ¢f I~:dor. : ar,,:I l~lbl!,h~l by him, fc, r the Afrk~u.Ail ,~.~iety, at $, Adelphi-terr~,:e, Strand,- I~..;.~C~--AL’GU",’[ "-::, |.~.’4.

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