” particulates „ characterisation of exhaust particulate emissions from road vehicles key action...
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Particulates Characterisation of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road VehiclesKey Action KA2:Sustainable Mobility and IntermodalityTask 2.2:Infrastructures and their interfaces with transport means and systemsSector 2.2.2:Environment, Sub-Infrastructures and their interfaces with transport means and systemsTask 2.2.2/2:Monitoring emissions from transport, including particulates
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BackgroundInhaled particulate matter has been associated with adverse health effects.Air quality standards are amended accordingly to set maximum ambient levels of particulates in different size modes.Information on the size and characteristics of vehicle particulate emissions is limited.Potential complications may be encountered if size resolved standards need also to be established for vehicle emissions.Information on particulate characteristics is required to explain the association of particulates with health effects.
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Key-targets of InvestigationScientific:To develop the necessary scientific understanding to underpin the technical targets.Analytical:To identify relevant methods capable of accurate measurement of whatever is identified as causal, with robust means of calibration and quality control; to prepare standard test methods of operation both with respect to sampling and measurement.Technical:To improve air quality by the development of soundly based air quality standards to address identifiable and attributable health effects; control measures to reduce emissions should provide cost-effective benefits.
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Objectives OutlineCollect and analyse information on the characterisation of motor vehicle emitted particulates.Include parameters introduced by the air quality standards (size, number concentration, etc.).Include further particulate characterisation dimensions (surface area, chemical composition, etc.).Provide coherent, consistent and transparent information on representative emission factors of current and future vehicle technologies.
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Scientific ObjectivesTo review the instrumentation and sampling techniques used so far for particulate characterisation.To develop a harmonised sampling protocol for the definition of exhaust aerosol sampling conditions.To use this protocol in a detailed measurement campaign which will cover most of the existing and near future fuels and vehicle technologies.To produce an adequate database with appropriate emission factors for particulates and other unregulated pollutants associated with them.
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Major Project InnovationsThe development of a common harmonised sampling methodology to be used as input to development at other levels.The development of a clear baseline in terms of emission factors or emission profiles for the physical and chemical characterisation of particulates.The investigation of the effects of future technologies on the emissions of particulates and other associated non regulated pollutants.The added value regarding the fate of particulates after dilution in the atmosphere.
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Contribution to EU PoliciesParticulate matter regulations under the auspices of the Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management Directive (97/62/EEC).Initiative Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) is targeting particulates as a key atmospheric pollutant.Ex-ante clustered proposals.Task 2.2.2/3: In service test procedures for road vehicle emissions.Task 2.2.2/1: Thematic network on transport and the environment.
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Contribution to Community Social Objectives: EnvironmentVehicle exhaust particulates are considered the primary source of urban aerosol. Information produced in the framework of thid project will be used for inventorying purposes, air quality modelling and accurate apportionment of urban aerosol to the road transport sector to allow a more efficient policy making.Investigation of the technically feasible measures to decrease the environmental pressure by road transport produced particulates
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Contribution to Community Social Objectives: Life quality, health & safetyControl of high urban particulate concentration will be beneficial to citizens health because of interception to:Acute health effects (toxic effects, headaches, etc.)Chronic health effects (asthma, cancers?, etc.)
Visibility improvementsMaterial damage (soiling of surfaces, wear of building materials, etc.)
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Economic Development and S&T Prospects: Community Added Value
Project output/
Result
Range of Applications
Expected Impact
Timing
Partner(s) responsible
for exploitation
Relevance of current PM emission standards and further aspects of particulate properties to be taken into account
Support towards the identification of directions to be taken by policy makers
Critical position against current emission measurement procedures.
Report available in 35 months
LAT: co-ordination,All: dissemination
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Economic Development and S&T Prospects: Social / Environmental Impact
Project output/
Result
Range of Applications
Expected Impact
Timing
Partner(s) responsible
for exploitation
Development of PM emission calculation methodology and relevant factors for current fleet (gasoline LDV, diesel LDV, HDV)
Emission inventorying and detailed input to air-quality modelling
Accurate estimation of particulate emissions from road transport to enhance efficient policy making
Report available in 34 months
LAT: co-ordination, All: dissemination
Detailed characterisation of exhaust particulates
Input to medical studies and to ambient aerosol physics / chemistry modelling
Assistance to medical research by covering a field were little is known. Acceleration of relevant studies.
Report available in 35 months
LAT: co-ordination, All: dissemination
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Overview of the Consortium - 1
Org. Name
Country
No of
Empl.
Business Activity
RTD Role in project
LAT/AUTh
GR
4000
University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Project management and co-ordination, emission measurements, data analysis
Concawe
B
S3
Oil Industries Organisation for Environment, Health and Safety
Emission measurements on light duty vehicles, provision of fuels, data analysis
Volvo
S
52000
Automotive Manufacturer
Emission measurements on heavy duty engines, data analysis
AVL
AUT
S6
Development of Power-trains, Instrumentation and Test Systems
Emission measurements on heavy duty engines
EMPA
CH
730
Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research - Department Combustion Engines/Furnaces
Primary responsible for the development of the common sampling protocol, emission tests at subzero temperatures
MTC
S
40
Research Institute for Vehicle Emissions
Emission tests at subzero temperatures, testing of alternative fuels
TUT
FIN
S6
University, Institute of Physics
Definition of particulate properties to be measured, relevant instrumentation techniques, contribution to the sampling protocol, support to the emission tests
TUG
AUT
S3
University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Emission measurements on heavy duty vehicles, alternative fuels, roadside measurements
VKA
D
135
University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Influence of sulphur content on ultrafine particles
depending on dilution ratio and temperature
IFP
F
1800
Research Centre in Engines, Fuels and Emissions
Contribution to the development of measurement methodology, testing of aftertreatment devices
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Overview of the Consortium - 2
Org. Name
Country
No of
Empl.
Business Activity
RTD Role in project
AEAT
UK
S7
Research Institute in Vehicle Emissions
Contribution to the development of measurement methodology, testing of aftertreatment devices, effect of oil consumption, tests at subzero temperatures
DG-JRC
NL
S6
Institute for Advanced Materials
Activation analysis of the particulate matter, investigation of PM sources
REGIENOV
F
S7
Automotive Manufacturer
Provision of in house experience to the development of the protocol, selection of vehicles and techniques, data analysis
INRETS
F
410
Research organisation, Lab for Transport & Environment, Emission Assessment
Development/provision of real world cycles, emission measurements on current light duty vehicles
DEKATI
FIN
S3
Aerosol Technology Company
Development of a prototype sampling system, support to the round robin tests
Stockholm University
S
S7
University, Department of Analytical Chemistry
Development of sampling and analytical techniques for determination of PAH in diesel particle size distributions
DHEUAMS
GR
S7
University, Medical School, Department of Epidemiology
Health effects of particulates
INERIS
F
200
Environmental and Health Effects Institute
Health effects of particulates
TRL
UK
400
Transport Research Laboratory
Non exhaust particulates measurements
LWA
UK
S2
Environmental Consultancy
Support to the dissemination of results and presentation of results for decision makers
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Work Programme OutlineDefinition of the exhaust aerosol properties which will be examined and evaluation of the available measurement instruments and techniques.Development and introduction of a harmonised protocol for the definition of exhaust aerosol sampling conditions.Examination of the particulate emissions of current light duty vehicles and heavy duty engines.Investigation of the influence of engine technology, fuel quality and after-treatment on particulate emissions.
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Project Workplan: Tasks 100-200
Empty table for borders
Workpackage descriptionPartners ManMonthsDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
Partner 1Partner 2Partner 3Partner 4Partner 5Partner 6Partner 7Partner 8Partner 9Partner 10Partner 11Partner 12Partner 13Partner 14Partner 15Partner 16Partner 17Partner 18Partner 19TOTAL246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Particulate properties to be recorded and analysed
320 Selection of instrumentation
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 The relevance of the dilution tunnel
420 Dilution ratio
430 Temperature distribution along sampling line
440 Residence time along sampling line
450 Use of secondary devices
460 Round robin test
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Selection of vehicle technologies to be tested
520 Selection of fuels to be used
530 Test of emission reduction techniques
540 Testing conditions
600 Testing of vehicles
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
TOTAL MANMONTH
In year 1
In year 2
In year 3
Final table (2)
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
130 Communication establishment with research bodies
140 Exploitation and dissemination of project output
200 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
210 Selection of relevant particulate properties
220 Measurement techniques
230 Sampling Methods
240 Selection of intruments for round-robin tests
250 Identification of users of emissions data requirements
Reporting Periods
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 Demands
420 Key Parameters
430 Measuring programme
440 Provisional protocol
450 Round-robin tests
460 Harmonised protocol
470 Dilution system
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Vehicle selection
520 Fuel selection
530 Emission reduction techniques
540 Overall test conditions
550 Roadside measurements
Reporting Periods
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
600 Testing of vehicles
610 Tests on LDVs
620 Tests on HDVs
630 Alternative fuels
640 Advanced engines & aftertreatment
650 Sub-zero
660 Oil consumption
670 Roadside measurements
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
710 Database and analysis
720 Emission factors
730 Final summary report
Reporting Periods
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
Final table
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
130 Exploitation and dissemination of project output
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review on health effects
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification of users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Selection of properties
320 Measurement techniques
330 Evaluation
340 Final selection of quantities
350 Selection of instruments for round-robin tests
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 Demands
420 Key Parameters
430 Measuring programme
440 Provisional protocol
450 Round-robin tests
460 Harmonised protocol
470 Dilution system
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Vehicle selection
520 Fuel selection
530 Emission reduction techniques
540 Overall test conditions
550 Roadside measurements
600 Testing of vehicles
610 Tests on LDVs
620 Tests on HDVs
630 Alternative fuels
640 Advanced engines & aftertreatment
650 Sub-zero
660 Oil consumption
670 Roadside measurements
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
710 Database and analysis
720 Emission factors
730 Final summary report
Reporting Periods
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
-
Project Workplan: Tasks 300-400
Empty table for borders
Workpackage descriptionPartners ManMonthsDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
Partner 1Partner 2Partner 3Partner 4Partner 5Partner 6Partner 7Partner 8Partner 9Partner 10Partner 11Partner 12Partner 13Partner 14Partner 15Partner 16Partner 17Partner 18Partner 19TOTAL246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Particulate properties to be recorded and analysed
320 Selection of instrumentation
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 The relevance of the dilution tunnel
420 Dilution ratio
430 Temperature distribution along sampling line
440 Residence time along sampling line
450 Use of secondary devices
460 Round robin test
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Selection of vehicle technologies to be tested
520 Selection of fuels to be used
530 Test of emission reduction techniques
540 Testing conditions
600 Testing of vehicles
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
TOTAL MANMONTH
In year 1
In year 2
In year 3
Final table (2)
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
130 Exploitation and dissemination of project output
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review on health effects
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification of users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Selection of properties
320 Measurement techniques
330 Evaluation
340 Final selection of quantities
350 Selection of instruments for round-robin tests
Reporting Periods
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
300 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
310 Demands from sampling conditions
320 Key Parameters
330 Measuring programme
340 Provisional protocol
350 Round-robin tests
360 Harmonised protocol
370 Dilution system
400 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
410 Vehicle selection
420 Fuel selection
430 Emission reduction techniques
440 Overall test conditions
450 Roadside measurements
460 Non-exhaust particulate measurements definition
Reporting Periods
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
600 Testing of vehicles
610 Tests on LDVs
620 Tests on HDVs
630 Alternative fuels
640 Advanced engines & aftertreatment
650 Sub-zero
660 Oil consumption
670 Roadside measurements
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
710 Database and analysis
720 Emission factors
730 Final summary report
Reporting Periods
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
Final table
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
130 Exploitation and dissemination of project output
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review on health effects
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification of users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Selection of properties
320 Measurement techniques
330 Evaluation
340 Final selection of quantities
350 Selection of instruments for round-robin tests
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 Demands
420 Key Parameters
430 Measuring programme
440 Provisional protocol
450 Round-robin tests
460 Harmonised protocol
470 Dilution system
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Vehicle selection
520 Fuel selection
530 Emission reduction techniques
540 Overall test conditions
550 Roadside measurements
600 Testing of vehicles
610 Tests on LDVs
620 Tests on HDVs
630 Alternative fuels
640 Advanced engines & aftertreatment
650 Sub-zero
660 Oil consumption
670 Roadside measurements
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
710 Database and analysis
720 Emission factors
730 Final summary report
Reporting Periods
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
-
Project Workplan: Tasks 500-600
Empty table for borders
Workpackage descriptionPartners ManMonthsDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
Partner 1Partner 2Partner 3Partner 4Partner 5Partner 6Partner 7Partner 8Partner 9Partner 10Partner 11Partner 12Partner 13Partner 14Partner 15Partner 16Partner 17Partner 18Partner 19TOTAL246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Particulate properties to be recorded and analysed
320 Selection of instrumentation
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 The relevance of the dilution tunnel
420 Dilution ratio
430 Temperature distribution along sampling line
440 Residence time along sampling line
450 Use of secondary devices
460 Round robin test
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Selection of vehicle technologies to be tested
520 Selection of fuels to be used
530 Test of emission reduction techniques
540 Testing conditions
600 Testing of vehicles
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
TOTAL MANMONTH
In year 1
In year 2
In year 3
Final table (2)
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
130 Exploitation and dissemination of project output
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review on health effects
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification of users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Selection of properties
320 Measurement techniques
330 Evaluation
340 Final selection of quantities
350 Selection of instruments for round-robin tests
Reporting Periods
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 Demands
420 Key Parameters
430 Measuring programme
440 Provisional protocol
450 Round-robin tests
460 Harmonised protocol
470 Dilution system
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Vehicle selection
520 Fuel selection
530 Emission reduction techniques
540 Overall test conditions
550 Roadside measurements
Reporting Periods
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: Milestone
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
500 Testing of vehicles
510 Tests on LDVs
520 Tests on HDVs
530 Alternative fuels
540 Advanced engines & aftertreatment
550 Sub-zero
560 Oil consumption
570 Roadside measurements
580 Non exhaust particulate measurents
600 Evaluation of results / Final report
610 Database and analysis
620 Emission factors
630 Final summary report
Reporting Periods
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
Final table
Workpackage descriptionDuration / Critical path: See milestone list
1st year2nd year3rd year
246810122468101224681012
100 Project management and co-ordination
110 General project management
120 Specific project management
130 Exploitation and dissemination of project output
200 Analysis of collected experience and refinement of existing knowledge
210 Literature review on health effects
220 Critical review of sampling methods
230 Review of instrumentation techniques
240 Identification of users of emissions data requirements
300 Selection of particulate properties and instrumentation
310 Selection of properties
320 Measurement techniques
330 Evaluation
340 Final selection of quantities
350 Selection of instruments for round-robin tests
400 Investigations for the definition of sampling conditions
410 Demands
420 Key Parameters
430 Measuring programme
440 Provisional protocol
450 Round-robin tests
460 Harmonised protocol
470 Dilution system
500 Selection of vehicles, fuels, emission controls and testing conditions
510 Vehicle selection
520 Fuel selection
530 Emission reduction techniques
540 Overall test conditions
550 Roadside measurements
600 Testing of vehicles
610 Tests on LDVs
620 Tests on HDVs
630 Alternative fuels
640 Advanced engines & aftertreatment
650 Sub-zero
660 Oil consumption
670 Roadside measurements
700 Evaluation of results / Final report
710 Database and analysis
720 Emission factors
730 Final summary report
Reporting Periods
6 m
Mid-term
Final
12 m
24 m
30 m
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Project Products OutlineA detailed framework for a future vehicle particulate sampling and measurement methodology.Input to emissions modelling tools, in relation to existing knowledge, in terms of usable emission factors for current vehicles.Assessment of the effectiveness of the technical measures for reducing particulate emissionsUseful input to medical studies.
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Overview of the Deliverables - 1
Deliverable
No
Delivery date
Output from W.P. Nr.
Nature of Deliverable and brief description
D1
3
100
REPORT: Inception report
D2
6
200
REPORT: Vehicle exhaust particulates characterisation-properties, instrumentation and sampling requirements
D3
12
300
REPORT: Sampling conditions and relevant protocol for particulate characterisation
D4
12
300
PROTOTYPE: Dilution sampling system
D5
12
400
REPORT: Detailed test matrix and overall test conditions, incl. definition of roadside and non-exhaust particulate measurements
D6
20
500
REPORT: Intermediate report on the emission measurements (focus on current vehicles)
D7
28
500
REPORT: Roadside measurements results
D8
28
500
REPORT: Non-exhaust particulate measurements results
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Overview of the Deliverables - 2
Deliverable
No
Delivery date
Output from W.P. Nr.
Nature of Deliverable and brief description
D9
28
600
REPORT: Preliminary proposal for a PM emission methodology and relevant emission factors
D10
34
600
REPORT, METHODOLOGY and DATA FILE: Development of PM emission calculation methodology and relevant factors for current fleet (gasoline LDV, diesel LDV, HDV)
D11
35
600
REPORT: Particulate characterisation from current vehicles
D12
35
600
REPORT: Particulate and PM characterisation in non-legislative conditions (cold start effects, high power effects, etc.)
D13
35
720
REPORT: Effects on particulate emissions and relevant emission factors of anticipated future engine and exhaust aftertreatment technologies complying with future emission standards
D14
35
600
REPORT: Effects on particulate emissions and relevant emission factors of fuel quality
D15
35
600
REPORT: Relevance of current PM emission standards and further aspects of particulate properties to be taken into account
D16
36
600
REPORT: Final summary report of the project
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ImpactsThe whole project should be seen in the frame of an integrated effort towards the understanding of particulate generation, particulate evolution in the atmosphere (ageing) and finally particulate impact on human heath. This effort may lead to the efficient decision-making concerning air quality improvement and citizens welfare. It is also self evident that it will contribute to the competitiveness of the European industry and the European technological progress.