{{PhotojournalismPhotojournalism

A Look into the Past : By Lauren A Look into the Past : By Lauren Jester Jester

What is Photojournalism? “Photojournalism” is branch of journalism that uses pictorial images to document an event or story.There are several variations of photojournalism: Weddings, news, documentary, sports and features.

History of Photojournalism: - The first documented process of photography

date back to the 13th century. - Roger Fenton and Carol Szathmari are credited

to being the first official war photographers. - Sent by Prince Albert of Britain to document the

Crimean War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.(1843-1856).

- During the mid 19th century photography became a luxary for the elite class.

- Newspapers up until the 1980s would only receive imagery and engrave them not even close to publication yet.

- Other famous wars that were photographed the Mexican-American war (1846-1848) and the Civil War (1861-1865).

- Civil War became the leader of photojournalism, as many documented this war in detail.

- Matthew Brady being one of the first to photograph President Abraham Lincoln.

- 1897 flash powder introduced and half tone prints.

History of Photojournalism:

Valley of the Shadow of Death. Crimean War.Photographed by Roger Fenton.

Self Portrait. President Abraham Lincoln, 1860.Photography by Matthew Brady.

Photojournalism’s Finest Hour: -1921 wire photos enabled. 1925 first “35mm Leica” created and in 1927 first flash bulbs invented.-“Golden Age” of photojournalism occurred between 1930s to 1950s.-As many photographers of this time put it “being at the right place, at the right time”.-Creation of LIFE magazine and Sports Illustrated in the USA.-Famous photographers such as Robert Capa, Margaret Bourke-White and Henri-Cartier Bresson arise.-World War 2 is photographed intensely by some of the best photojournalist of all time allowing the public to view the world’s stage.

Henri-Cartier Bresson.Last Days of the Kuomintang, Shanghai, 1949.

Joe Rosenthal’s five U.S. Marines and a U.S. Navy Corpsman raising the flag during the Battle Of Iwo Jima in World War II.

Photojournalism’s Finest Hour: - Newspapers began to run publication with black

smudged ink on off white paper which later after development of The Wall Street Journal and LIFE magazines, they switched to white paper and high ink quality.

- LIFE magazine is recongized today with having the best quality images and photographers.

- Throughout the 1960’s the world viewed war as a post production and focused more on individual photojournalism of modern life.

1900’s LIFE magazine.Pan Am Airways.Photographed by George Strock.

1900’s New York Times newspaper.

Modern Day Modern Day Photojournalism:Photojournalism:

- Photojournalism in modern day has grown tremendously in technology using images along with video and audio to document a story.

- It is widely more accepted regarding honesty and creativity to one photographers own style.

{{Lee Miller Lee Miller

From Model to Female War From Model to Female War PhotojournalistPhotojournalist

Lee’s Early Years- Born in Poughkeepsie,

New York on April 23, 1907.

- Parents: Theodore and Florence Miller.

- Siblings: Erik and John.

- John used Lee as a model for his beginner’s photography.

- Eight years old Miller was raped. She contracted gonorrhea.

- The rape became her inspiration for shooting war photography in her latter years. She simply wanted to “help” those in need.

Lee Miller. Self- Portrait, 1932.

Modeling Life

- Theodore Miller, Lee’s father introduced her to photography at a young age.

- She began modeling in the nude as her first job.

- Conde Nast, founder of Vogue magazine stopped Miller on the streets of NY and started her professional modeling career.

- Lee appeared on Vogue’s March 1927 edition, photographed illustration by George Lepape.

- Traveled to Paris in 1929 working with Ray Man, Edward Stiechen.

- Posing for a Kotex ad ended her career, scandalous!

Kotex. 1930. Photographed by Edward Stiechen.

Lee Miller: The Photographer

-Established her first photography studio in Paris in 1930s. -Worked as an assistant for Man Ray then became a leading partner. -She would focus on photographing Ray’s fashion assignments and paintings.-Famous friends of these two were Pablo Picasso, Jean Cocteau. -Appeared as a statue in Jean’s work, “The Blood of a Poet”.Lee Miller with Pablo Picasso. Paris,

France 1944.

Lee Miller: Home sweet

Home.-Returned to hometown of New York in 1932.-Founds a commercial and portrait photo studio with her brother Erik as a darkroom assistant in the big apple.-Included in the Modern European Photography exhibition at Julien Levy Gallery. -1933, Lee receives her own life galley showing.-Photographs portraits of famous actresses Lilian Harvey and Gertrude Lawerence. -1934, marries Egyptian businessman Aziz Eloui Bey and moves to Egypt.

Cover of the biography “The Lives of Lee Miller” written by her son Antony Penrose.

Lee Miller: The Female War Hero-1937, Lee Miller moves to Paris for the second time.-Meets future husband Roland Penrose, British surrealist painter.-During WW2 Lee was living in Hampton, London when the bombs went off. -Intrigued by the near death experiences Miller becomes the official war photographer for VOGUE. -December 1942, Conde Nast Publications accredits Lee Miller as a war correspondent.

VOGUE war correspondent photographer “Lee Miller”. December, 1942.

Lee Miller: Mirror Image

Brief Video about Lee Miller.

The Art of WAR

-Teamed up with fellow photographer David E. Scherman , Life magazine’s war corespondant. -Traveled to France a month after D-Day invasion to record the first use of napalm(gas agent) at the siege of St. Malo.-Photographed the liberation of France, Nazi concentration camps and battle of Alsace. -Famous photograph of Lee Miller in Hitler’s bathtub taken by David Scherman is exposed.

Lee Miller sneaks a bath in Hitler’s apartment after the fall of Berlin, 1945. She later explained blithely, “I had his address in my pocket for years.” -Photography by David Scherman

Lee wearing a special WW2 helmet. Photographer unknown.

Lee Miller: The Photojournalist

-Lee begins to photograph the dying children in aVienna Hospital.-Post war life in Hungary.-Execution of Prime Minister Laszlo Bardossy.-After the war Miller continues to work for Vogue covering celebrities.

The daughter of the mayor of Leipzig, Germany, poisoned herself in 1945 as the Allies approached; Miller took this photo.

Lee photographs a Nonconformist chapel in London, 1940.

Execution o fascist ex- Prime Minister of Hungary, Laszlo Bardossy, facing fire squad. Budapest, Hungary, 1946.Photographed by Miller.

Broadway Piano. London, 1940.Photographed by Lee Miller.

Dead SS guard in the canal. Dachau, Germany, 1945. Photography by Miller.

Lee Miller in Alsace, 1944.Women in fire masks. Downshire Hill, 1941.

Post-War- After returning to London,

Lee Miller experiences clinical depression aka post traumatic stress syndrome.

- As a cure Miller begins to drink her life away until 1946 when she and Roland travel to the US.

- Lee finds out she is pregnant with her only son Antony, she divorces Bey and marries Roland on May 3, 1947.

- Antony was born in September of that year and they bought Farley Farm house in Sussex. Throughout 1950s and on became muse of Picasso, Henry Moore etc.

Pablo Picasso. East Sussex, 1950.Photographed by Lee Miller.

Death and Legacy- After turning her

darkroom into a gourmet kitchen, Lee Miller’s depression worsened.

- Images from the war, concentration camps and her husbands affair with trapieze artist Diane Deriaz broke Lee for good.

- Miller dies from cancer in 1977 at the age of 70 years old.

- Current day: Tony, Miller’s only son lives at the Sussex house and offers tours along with keeping his mothers work alive in her personal biography.

Lee Miller. Photographed by Edward Steichen.

Works Cited Kobre, Kenneth. Photojournalism: The Professional’s Approach. <http://www.mac-on-campus.com/LearningCenter/Print/12589.aspx> Michael Hoppen Gallery .Henri Cartier Bresson.http://www.michaelhoppengallery.com/artist,show,1,35,37,1898,0,0,0,0,henri_cartier_bresson_last_days_of_the_kuomintang,_shanghai,_.html>

Case, Justin. A Modern Day Appreication on the History of Photojournalism. Weblog. 26 April 2011. Uniquephoto.com <http://blog.uniquephoto.com/2011/04/26/a-modern-day-appreciation-on-the-history-of-photojournalism/> Photojournalism. 2011. 13. September <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalism> 

Facets Multimedia. Lee Miller: Through the Mirror –Youtube. 18. August . 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0nsA65T73Q>

Works CitedWorks CitedOrdinary Finds: Streampost. Lee Miller. August 23 – September 20. <http://i12bent.tumblr.com/search/lee+miller> Cultural 24 Staff. Lee Miller and friends head to Pallet House Gallery. 3. December. 2008. http://www.culture24.org.uk/art/photography+%26+film/art62797

 Sensen. Lee Miller. Weblog. March. 20. 2009. Livejournal.com <http://adski-kafeteri.livejournal.com/806928.html?thread=2549776> Willis, Mark. Lee Miller: War Photographer. October. 24. 2007. <http://blindflaneur.com/2007/10/24/lee-miller-war-photographer/> Lee Miller. August 28. 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Miller>