18 1

98.11.25

(thermocouple, TC)(thermister)

1 SET 998 19

18 2

(a)

(b) F/V

(c)

2 (a)

A. 19 B.

C.(b)

F/V

F/V (c)

18 3

A (Thermocouple temperature sensor, TC sensor)

()

(electromotive potential)

-

(1) [1,2]

1821 Seebeck

(Seebeck effect)

(diffusion current)

(hole)

()

18 4

(hard welding)

3

3

(2) [1]

(contact resistance)

(Seebeck electromotive potential)

f

f

staticf

=

Eq

E

staticnonf

staticnonstatic fff

f

ldf

Seebeck

ldf static

=ldE

= 0

staticnonf

18 5

= ldf staticnon

= VS T

S seebeck

T1 T2

T1

T2

T1 0 (273

K) -269oC (77 K)

4

4 ()

3

12

2

1212 )()()( TTcTTbTTa

abc

T = T1 - T2

V = S T

18 6

V S Seebeck T

S

(3)

(American National Standards

Institute, ANSI) J

()

(type of

thermocouple)

(conducting wire of positive

electrode)

(conducting wire of negative

electrode)

B -30%(Pt-30%Rh) -6%(Pt-6%Rh)

E (Ni-Cr alloy) (Ni-Cu alloy)

J (Fe) (Ni-Cu alloy)

K (Ni-Cr alloy) (Ni-Al alloy)

N (Ni-Cu-Si alloy) (Ni-Si-Mg alloy)

R -13% (Pt-30%Rh) (Pt)

S -10%

T

(4)

T

T0 = 0

T0 = 0

T

0 tn

18 7

(T, 0) = (T, Tn) + (Tn, 0) (1)

= +

(T, 0) 0T Tn

()

0 T

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

m v

-10 -0.383 -0.421 -0.459 -0.496 - 0.534 -0.571 - 0.608 -0.646 - 0.683 -0.720

0 -0.000 -0.039 - 0.077 -0.116 - 0.154 -0.193 - 0.231 -0.269 - 0.307 -0.345

0 0.000 0.039 0.078 0.147 0.156 0.195 0.234 0.273 0 .312 0.351

10 0.391 0.430 0.470 0.510 0.549 0.589 0.629 0.669 0 .709 0.749

20 0.789 0.830 0.870 0.911 0.951 0.992 1.032 1.073 1.114 1.155

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

mv

3 0 1 .196 1 .237 1.279 1.320 1.361 1.403 1.444 1.486 1 .528 1 .569

4 0 1 .611 1 .653 1.695 1.738 1.780 1.822 1.8 65 1.907 1 .950 1 .992

5 0 2 .035 2 .078 2.121 2.164 2.207 2.250 2.294 2.337 2 .380 2 .424

6 0 2 .467 2 .511 2.555 2.599 2.643 2.687 2.7 31 2.775 2 .819 2 .864

7 0 2 .908 2 .953 2.997 3.042 3.087 3.131 3.1 76 3.221 3 .266 3 .312

8 0 3 .357 3 .402 3.447 3.483 3.538 3.584 3.6 30 3.676 3 .721 3 .767

9 0 3 .827 3 .873 3.919 3.965 4.012 4.058 4.1 05 4.151 4 .198 4 .244

1 00 4 .291 4 .338 4.385 4.432 4.479 4.529 4.5 73 4.621 4 .668 4 .715

ITS-90 T -( 2

) (mV) T ()[4]

(T, 0) = 0.03875 T + 3.329 10-5 T2 (2)

18 8

[5]

(5)

1. (response)(Time lag)

2.

-200

1,800

3.

4. (mV)

5.

(6)

1.

2. 0

3. (Short Circuit)

4.

5.

6.

18 9

1. - T

2. Goodwill GWINSTEK GDM-350A

K-

1. B.( 2b)

()

2. T-

A.

() PN (PN )

5

5 A.PN

3.

(15V )

4. 6 C.

() 100 +-

F/V

F/V

18 10

6

5. ( 7 )[6]

7 GDM-350A

K

250

7 (Goodwill) GWINSTEK GDM-350A

6.

K-

VmA(

)COM ()

oC

7. K-

18 11

LCD

8. 8

F/V Vi F/V

F/V E 20mV

8

[5] 0

9

8

9

18 12

9.

6

10. 8 -15V (-15 )

()( C.)

()()

2

11.

12,13

12. (

)()

tTC ()TTC ()

13. T Tn (T, Tn)

F/V 100 100(Tn,To)

0-

T- (T,To)

T 0(T,To)

VTC tTC ()TTC ()

14. -15V -15

9- 13

15. -15V (

-15 ) -15

()

16. 20 0mV / 24 67mV/ 44

18 13

88mv/50 102mV

50 102mV 100 1.02mV-

20 0.789mV 1.02mV -

VTC (Volt) 1.809mV-

tTC () 44.5 TTC (

) 50 TTC () 11%

1. -

100

9

2. 13 VTC (Volt) tTC ()

B

3. VTC R T0 R T T0

t0 = ____ ____T0 = _____________K

t0 = ____ ____T0 = _____________K

1 2 3 4 5 6

VTC (Volt)

R T0 R T

T0

tTC ()

T (K)

TTC

()

TR (K)

T (K-1

)

18 14

tTC ()

T (K)

1.

2. (Seeback effect)?

3.

4. 8

5. ANSI

[1] http://www.scu.edu.tw/physics/science-scu/M302/12.htm

[2] Seebeck effect

(1) Mark W. Zemansky and Richard H. Dittman, Heat and

Thermodynamics, P. 432. , 6th edition, 1981.

(2) Thermoelectric effect, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect,

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

(3) Introduction to thermoelectricity, website:

http//www.chem.cornell.edu.fjd3/thermo/intro.html

(4) thermoelectric effects, website:

http//www.techfak.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/elmat_en/kap_2/advanced/t2

_3_2.html)

(5) The Seebeck effect, website:

http//www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Physik/Jaeckle/papers/thermopower/nod

el.html)

[3] SET-998

[4]

[5] 31989

[6] GWINSTEK GDM-350A

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effecthttp://www.scu.edu.tw/physics/science-scu/M302/http/www.chem.cornell.edu.fjd3/thermo/intro.htmlhttp://www.scu.edu.tw/physics/science-scu/M302/http/www.techfak.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/elmat_en/kap_2/advanced/t2_3_2.htmlhttp://www.scu.edu.tw/physics/science-scu/M302/http/www.techfak.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/elmat_en/kap_2/advanced/t2_3_2.htmlhttp://www.scu.edu.tw/physics/science-scu/M302/http/www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Physik/Jaeckle/papers/thermopower/nodel.htmlhttp://www.scu.edu.tw/physics/science-scu/M302/http/www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Physik/Jaeckle/papers/thermopower/nodel.html

18 15

B.

200

1

[2][3]

2d

d1

T

B

T

R

R

T

TT -----------------(1)

B B = 3200 K

[2][3]

)0

11(

0

TTB

TT eRR

RTRT0 T T0

[2][3]

0

1ln

11

0TR

R

BT T

T ----------(2)

RT 20V

18 16

1. R T0R T0 2(c)

-15

-15 C

R T

R T -15V (

-15 ) -15

10

11

18 17

2. T0 K

3. R T0 R T T0(2) T

T T

TR

4. T (1) T

5. -15V -15

6. -15V (

-15 ) -15

()

(2) T

19 T0 R T0 11.92k

20 10.9k

21 9.98k

22 9.6k

23 9.27k

24 8.29k

.. .

.. .

47 3.35k

48 3.3k

49 3.26k

50 TR T R T 3.2k

1.

050

2. R T0 R T T0 (2) T

18 18

3. 9 Rt

4.

5.

[1] SET-998

[2]

[3] 31989