© qmed knowledge foundation 2011 1 structured approach to database / literature searching vasumathi...
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© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 11
STRUCTURED APPROACH TO STRUCTURED APPROACH TO DATABASE / LITERATURE DATABASE / LITERATURE
SEARCHINGSEARCHING
Vasumathi SriganeshVasumathi SriganeshQMed Knowledge FoundationQMed Knowledge Foundation
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 22
QMED KNOWLEDGE QMED KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATIONFOUNDATION
Three year old not for profit trustThree year old not for profit trust Mission: To train and enable healthcare Mission: To train and enable healthcare
professionals to obtain the best professionals to obtain the best evidence from systematic researchevidence from systematic research
We work with students, faculty, We work with students, faculty, practitioners and libraries in the health practitioners and libraries in the health sciences domainsciences domain
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 33
RESEARCH DISCOVERYRESEARCH DISCOVERY
Four stepsFour steps Identify your research problem Identify your research problem Identify types of resources you hope to Identify types of resources you hope to
findfind Identify the appropriate search tools to Identify the appropriate search tools to
retrieve and organize the informationretrieve and organize the information Carefully and critically evaluate the Carefully and critically evaluate the
information you have foundinformation you have found
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 44
Identifying the Identifying the problemproblem
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 55
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEMIDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
Defining the problem clearlyDefining the problem clearly Defining the reason for the Defining the reason for the
information-questinformation-quest
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 66
RESEARCH PROBLEMRESEARCH PROBLEM
Simple ---------> ComplexSimple ---------> Complex– Meaning of OsteoarthritisMeaning of Osteoarthritis– Information about Kawasaki DiseaseInformation about Kawasaki Disease– Incidence of breast cancer amongst Incidence of breast cancer amongst
unmarried women in North Indiaunmarried women in North India– Is bed rest better than being active for low Is bed rest better than being active for low
back pain and sciaticaback pain and sciatica
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RESEARCH PROBLEMRESEARCH PROBLEM
ReasonsReasons Meaning of OsteoarthritisMeaning of Osteoarthritis
– I have to show off to my older brotherI have to show off to my older brother Information about Kawasaki DiseaseInformation about Kawasaki Disease
– Need to prove to the world that I know Need to prove to the world that I know a lota lot
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RESEARCH PROBLEMRESEARCH PROBLEM
ReasonsReasons Incidence of breast cancer amongst Incidence of breast cancer amongst
unmarried women in North Indiaunmarried women in North India– I want to relate the incidence of breast I want to relate the incidence of breast
cancer to xxxxcancer to xxxx Is bed rest better than being active for Is bed rest better than being active for
low back pain and sciaticalow back pain and sciatica I have to treat a patient with lbp + sciatica and I have to treat a patient with lbp + sciatica and
there is conflicting evidencethere is conflicting evidence
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Types of ResourcesTypes of Resources
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TYPES OF RESOURCESTYPES OF RESOURCES
TraditionalTraditional BooksBooks
– Text books / MonographsText books / Monographs JournalsJournals
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 1111
TYPES OF RESOURCESTYPES OF RESOURCES
TraditionalTraditional Other reference sourcesOther reference sources
– Dictionaries / Encyclopediae / Biographical Dictionaries / Encyclopediae / Biographical sources sources
– Handbooks / Manuals etcHandbooks / Manuals etc
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TYPES OF RESOURCESTYPES OF RESOURCES
TraditionalTraditional ““Indexes”Indexes”
– Monthly / CumulativeMonthly / Cumulative Directories / ListsDirectories / Lists
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RESOURCESRESOURCES
Primary – The resourcePrimary – The resource Secondary – List of resourcesSecondary – List of resources Tertiary – List of lists of resourcesTertiary – List of lists of resources
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IT ERAIT ERA
Same sources on the webSame sources on the web– Formerly in printFormerly in print
New – E-only resourcesNew – E-only resources– Based on the aboveBased on the above
Search enginesSearch engines– GeneralGeneral– Databases with highly featured search enginesDatabases with highly featured search engines
Meta-search enginesMeta-search engines
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Appropriate Appropriate
Search ToolsSearch Tools
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APPROPRIATE SEARCH TOOLSAPPROPRIATE SEARCH TOOLS
SimpleSimple
– Google it Google it Slightly more complex / important reasonsSlightly more complex / important reasons
– Know standard resources and search themKnow standard resources and search them Complex / very important questionsComplex / very important questions
– Best resources, best search strategies, if Best resources, best search strategies, if needed – all possible resources, with indepth needed – all possible resources, with indepth strategiesstrategies
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APPROPRIATE RETRIEVAL / APPROPRIATE RETRIEVAL / ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
Web-enabled updating tools like email Web-enabled updating tools like email alerts / RSS feedsalerts / RSS feeds
Storage in bibliographic managers for Storage in bibliographic managers for easy re-retrievaleasy re-retrieval– Using importing / other tech-based toolsUsing importing / other tech-based tools
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Evaluating Evaluating Internet Internet
InformationInformation
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AUTHORITY OF SOURCEAUTHORITY OF SOURCE
Author - individualAuthor - individual InstitutionInstitution SponsorSponsor
Issues to check:Issues to check:– CredibilityCredibility– BiasBias– Political or other linking?Political or other linking?
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 2020
RECENCY OF INFORMATION RECENCY OF INFORMATION
When was the site last updatedWhen was the site last updated How often is it updatedHow often is it updated Is there any obsolete informationIs there any obsolete information Are there archives to check old Are there archives to check old
informationinformation How quickly is any latest information How quickly is any latest information
addedadded
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SITE ORGANIZATIONSITE ORGANIZATION
Ease of navigation Ease of navigation LinksLinks
– Too fewToo few– Too manyToo many– Key links from home pageKey links from home page
Good index / sitemap / search facilityGood index / sitemap / search facility
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PURPOSEPURPOSE
Intended audienceIntended audience Students / professionals / lay peopleStudents / professionals / lay people
ObjectiveObjective Inform or persuade? Inform or persuade? Promotional? Promotional?
CheckCheck Is the information original or copiedIs the information original or copied
with or without permissionwith or without permission
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 2323
EVALUATING AT INFO-LEVELEVALUATING AT INFO-LEVEL
Eg – a Journal article can make a tall Eg – a Journal article can make a tall claim – “this drug is fantastic”. Need to claim – “this drug is fantastic”. Need to evaluateevaluate
Methodology of studyMethodology of study– True randomization / blinding / allocation True randomization / blinding / allocation
concealment?concealment?– Statistics / calculations – correct?Statistics / calculations – correct?– Other bias – eliminated?Other bias – eliminated?
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 2424
BACK TO RESEARCH PROBLEMSBACK TO RESEARCH PROBLEMS
Simple ---------> ComplexSimple ---------> Complex– Meaning of OsteoarthritisMeaning of Osteoarthritis– Information about Kawasaki DiseaseInformation about Kawasaki Disease– Incidence of breast cancer amongst Incidence of breast cancer amongst
unmarried women in North Indiaunmarried women in North India– Is bed rest better than being active for low Is bed rest better than being active for low
back pain and sciaticaback pain and sciatica
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IDEAL SOURCESIDEAL SOURCES
Medical Dictionaries / EncyclopediaMedical Dictionaries / Encyclopedia DatabasesDatabases
– PubMed (index to journal articles)PubMed (index to journal articles)– Cochrane Library (Systematic Reviews)Cochrane Library (Systematic Reviews)– ““Summaries” (UpToDate, First Consult, Summaries” (UpToDate, First Consult,
BEST BETS / Bandolier)BEST BETS / Bandolier)
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ABOUT GOOGLEABOUT GOOGLE
Brilliant resource, but…Brilliant resource, but…
(Demo of a google search on prostodin (Demo of a google search on prostodin in labor – first shows a blog of a medical in labor – first shows a blog of a medical intern and his case)intern and his case)
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WHAT DOES ONE NEED TO KNOW WHAT DOES ONE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT DATABASES?ABOUT DATABASES?
Scope of coverage Scope of coverage What it covers What it covers What it does notWhat it does not Time span Time span
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 2828
WHAT DOES ONE NEED TO WHAT DOES ONE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT DATABASES?KNOW ABOUT DATABASES?
Availability: Free or paid for?Availability: Free or paid for? What is the difference?What is the difference? When is “free” adequate, and When is “free” adequate, and
when it isn’twhen it isn’t
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CONCEPTS - SEARCHINGCONCEPTS - SEARCHING
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PRECISION & RECALLPRECISION & RECALL
PrecisionPrecision– Specific, pinpointedSpecific, pinpointed
RecallRecall– Broad-based, generic, related coverage Broad-based, generic, related coverage
includedincluded
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BOOLEAN OPERATORSBOOLEAN OPERATORS
ANDAND OROR NOTNOT
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BOOLEAN – ‘AND’BOOLEAN – ‘AND’
Malaria Filaria
AND = articles on Malaria and Filaria
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BOOLEAN – ‘OR’BOOLEAN – ‘OR’
Malaria Filaria
OR = articles on Malaria OR Filaria OR both
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BOOLEAN – ‘NOT’BOOLEAN – ‘NOT’
NOT = articles on Malaria BUT NOT Filaria
Malaria Filaria
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DEMODEMO
PrimaryPrimary– Journals / Clinical TrialsJournals / Clinical Trials
SecondarySecondary– PubMedPubMed
TertiaryTertiary– Hardin Meta DirectoryHardin Meta Directory– TRIP Database TRIP Database
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DEMODEMO
SynthesisSynthesis– UpToDateUpToDate
© QMed Knowledge Foundation© QMed Knowledge Foundation20112011 3737
ORGANIZING FOR FUTUREORGANIZING FOR FUTURE
PubMed – Save search / CollectionsPubMed – Save search / Collections– Email alertsEmail alerts
Zotero – importing citationsZotero – importing citations Mendeley – importing citationsMendeley – importing citations