5

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I II

11234

1.

2.

3

(atmostphere)

78.084 20.946 0.934

(precipitation)

(condensation nuclei)

4

2

1 (homosphere)

90

()

2 (heterosphere)

90 10,000

(km) (km)

700-2000

800

H2 H

2

He2 He

2

O2

N2, O

2

3500

1100

200

90

O�NO�O�2

N�2 e�

1.1

90

5

1.4

90-200

- 200-1,100 O�, NO�, O�

2 , N�2

- 1,100-3,500 - 3,500

4

(pause)

1 (troposphere)

15 6.5 1

-

(tropopause)

2 (stratosphere) 2 20 50

( ) (temperature inversion) �60

�3 (stratopause) 50

6

3 (mesosphere) 50 80 �5

�90 (noctilucent cloud)

75-90

1.2

1.2

(mesopause)

4 (thermosphere) 90-500

1,000

200

(exosphere)

7

1.3

(ionosphere)

60-600

(ultraviolet) (X-ray) (cosmic ray)

8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

1 1

9

(energy) (ability to do work)

3 1. (conduction)

( )

2 (convection)

( ) 3 (radiation)

(absolute temperature) 0 -273.15

3

10

1.4 3

( ) (electromagnetic wave)

1.5

1.5

(Electromagnetic wave) 3�108

1.6 0.39-0.74 340-740

( ) ( )

Radiation

ConductionConvection

11

1.6

45 2 8 47

( ) ( )

(black body)

(E) T

- (Stefan-Boltzmann’s Law)

E � �T4 (1.1)

E T (W/m2)

� - 5.67�10�8 W/m2�K4

T ( )

6,000 288 20 - 160,000 (204 � 160,000)

105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020

103 102 10 1 10�1 10�2 10�3 10�4 10�5 10�6 10�7 10�8 10�9 10�10 10�11 10�12

1

(Hz)

(m)

E � �T4

12

(105 ) (10�14 )

(Wien’s law) (�

max) T

�max

� 2897T

(1.2)

�max

T (m)

T (K)

6,000 K

�max

� 28976000

� 0.48 m

0.4-0.7

288 K

�max

� 2897288

� 10 m

1.7

1.7

�max

� 2897T

13

1. 2.

3. 1

4. 5. 310

99

0.1 – 3.0 (shortwave energy)

1.1

1.1

0.1 – 0.4 (UV) 2 – 3

0.4 – 0.7 (visible light) 46 – 47

0.7 – 1.5 (near IR) 38

1.5 – 1,000 (far IR) 11

� 0.15 � 1,000 - 1

1. 2.

3. 1

4.

5. 310

1 2

3

14

- (0.1-0.4 m) 2–3

- (0.4-0.7 m) 46 – 47

- (0.7-1.5 m) 38

- (1.5-1,000 m) 11

- 1

1 2,000,000 (

) (Solar constant)

1,367 (W/m2) 2

(cal/cm2)

1.8

23.5

15

2

(albedo)

0 1 (

1 100% 0)

0.9 0.1

0.9 90 1.2

1.2 (albedo)

( ) (fresh snow) 0.75 – 0.95

0.30 – 0.40

0.70 – 0.90

0.60 – 0.84

0.44 – 0.50

(Venus) 0.78 (Earth) 0.3

0.07 0.35 – 0.45

0.25 – 0.30

0.17 – 0.27

( ) 0.10 ( ) 0.15 – 0.25

: Oliver and John (2002)

16

(scattering) ( )

1.9

1.9

(Scattered power)

(particle)

P � k D6

�4 (1.3)

P D � k

7 380-760

( 78) 0.15 (0.00015 ) ( 20.9) 0.14 (0.00014 )

100

P � k D6

�4

17

(randomness motion)

0.5

1.11

1.10 CIMSS (2017)

18

(insolation)

3

15 288

99 3 100

10 ( ) 20

(surface emissivity)

97

1. (latent heat)

(evaporation) (condensation)

2. (sensible heat)

1.11

(conduction-convection) (sensible temperature)

19

1.11

Means (2018)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1 3

20

(

)

( )

1.12

1.12

: Watt (2013)

21

1.13 ( 100%) 23.2%

6.7% 22.9% 47.2%

23.2%�6.7% � 29.2% (earth’s albedo) 0.292

47.2% (Back radiation) 97.7%

144.9% (greenhouse effect) 116.1%

28.5% 144.6% 0.3%

( ) (

) (global energy balance)

1. 2. 3.

1.

2. 3.

1 4

22

1. 6 2.

3. 4.

5.

1.

2. 3. 4.

23

K nowledge

•

•

• 2 1.

2. 90 10,000

• 4

1.

2. 20 50 ( )

3. 50 80

4. 90-500

24

• 3

•

• - E � �T4

• �max

� 2897T

•

• 23.5

•

• 3

•

•

25

1.

2. 3.

4.

P rocess1. 2.

A ttribute

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. temperature inversion 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.