정사사진 정사영상 제작 -...

(Relief distortion)

( ) .

3

.

DTM

Thorpe, A. Digital orthophotography in New York City. www.sanborn.com/Pdfs/Article_DOI_Thorpe.pdf

:

6

(Rectification):

:

8

1.

2. : 3 (affine transformation) 5 (rubber sheeting)

3. DEM

4.

9

:

( DEM)

3

(Overlap) (sidelap) 3D

12

(Interior orientation):

/

(Relative orientation):

,

3 rotation: (omega), (phi), (kappa)

2 translations: Y, Z

13

: /

1

1 2

2 3

(Absolute orientation):

Scaling leveling

14

(base to height

ratio) 0.6 - 1.0

Atmospheric effects

(refraction, optical

thickness)

15

DEM, DTM, DSM

DEM(Digital Elevation Models) (DEM) , , , DEM . DEM DTM(Digital Terrain Model) . USGS(U.S. Geological Survey) : DEM z x, y . NIMA(National Imagery and Mapping

Agency) DTED (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) .

16

DTM(Digital Terrain Model) DEM , z . DTM DEM (breakline) . DTM , DTM .

DSM(Digital Surface Model) DEM , , . , , 3D

DEM, DTM, DSM

17

DEM (Regular Grid, Elevation Matrix) (Triangular Irregular Network, TIN) .

TIN

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 18

, ,

, , ,

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 19

Delaunay

()

, , (), TIN TIN TIN TIN

(TIN)

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 20

DEM

Total Station,

GPS

Digitizer ,

Scanner

GEOVEC

,

MAP S/W

Image Processer

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 21

DEM

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 22

DEM -

DEM DEM

DEM

, DEM ,

DEM

1/2

DEM (PCI, Erdas Imagine)

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 23

DEM -

( ) DEM

DEM

DEM

( ) DEM

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 24

DEM -

DEM

,

DEM

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 25

DEM

DEM GPS RMSE(root-mean square error)

DEM ,

DEM

DEM ,

DEM (Carrara,1997)

,

DEM

DEM

; GIS 8-9 (DEM) 26

DEM DEM

/

Space Intersection

Interpolation

DEM

S S

S

(Space intersection)

; 27

DEM DEM ()

(space intersection)

; 28

DEM DEM ()

/

Space Intersection

Interpolation

DEM

(Space intersection)

,

; 29

Digital Aerial Orthophotography

A orthorectified image is precision corrected to remove distortions so that the image has a constant scale throughout.

Lens distortion removed (camera calibration)

Platform tilt displacement is removed

Variations in terrain are corrected and removed

30


31

The output (raw data, level 0) from an airborne line scanner has a

jumbled appearance; the ground footprints are not parallell, owing to the

movement of the aircraft. This is rectified using data from GPS and IMU.


32

,

( + DEM)

A

L

Row

Col

O a

DTM G(X,Y)

G(X,Y) = g(x,y)

Z

a

Z11 Z12

Z21 Z22

dy

dx g(x,y)

A

L

Row

Col

O a

DTM

G(X,Y)

g(x,y) a

g11 g12

g21 g22

dy

dx

G(X,Y) = g(x,y)

()

DTM

; 33

(Image Resampling)

Original

image

Resampled

image

; 34

DB() : 2000 -

DB

1.

(1200dpi)

2.

35

3.DEM(LiDAR) 4.(GCP) 5.()

GCP

DEM

DB

36

6. 7.

DB

37

8. 9.

DLT

DVD RAM

CD RW

DLT,DVD,CD

DB

38

019

36710019

DB

39

DB

40

DEM

(Hillshade)

( )

315

; GIS 3-1 3 41

DEM

(slope)

; GIS 3-1 3

42

DEM

(aspect)

; GIS 3-1 3

43

Aerial Mapping Service

Workflow: Traditional Analog System

Digital System LIDAR or Digital Camera

Batymetry

RMK TOP Camera AGFA Film Film Processing B/W or

Color

Digital WorkStation

Summit Evolution

Scanners DTM

Othophotos

Line Map

Update

Revision

3D Images

Analysis

DSM

GIS

OPS

Raw Data process

INPHO Suites

Altexis

TopIt

Temporary

Mass

Storage

Digital

Cam

Falcon II

LIDAR

Analog

Stereo

Ploter

Archive System

Vexcel Ultra

Scan 5000

Printer

LAMBDA 130

Zeiss

SCAI

; AeroMap Technology Systems 44


; AeroMap Technology Systems

Special Services involving Aerial Survey:

Airborne LIDAR Survey

Airborne LIDAR

Hydrography

(SHOALS)

Oblique Photogrammetric Solution

(OPS)

Northwest POV Eastern POV

Southwest POV Southern POV

45

D:/ ///attachment/OPS Presentation.ppt



Special Services (LIDAR Survey):

Multi sensor system operated on-board an

airplane or helicopter. Scanning the

survey area strip by strip the position and

altitude measurements are also recorded.

Falcon II are made of the LIDAR and the

Optical Scanner.

Applications: 3D City Models and Urban

Planning

Monitoring and Protection of

Coastal Zones

Corridor Mapping, Pipelines and

Transmission Lines

Forest Inventory and Precision

Management

Surface Mining and Deposits

Flood Protection and Hydraulic

Simulations

Power lines

Virtual Reality

46



Special Services (LIDAR Bathymetry):

Airborne laser bathymeter system

SHOALS 1000T can survey over large

areas, far exceeding the capabilities and

efficiency of traditional survey methods at

IHO Order 1 accuracy or better. SHOALS

1000T has a unique capability to map

shallow waters, shoreline and topography

simultaneously, integrating land and water

measurements in the same data set This

technology not only speed up the total

survey mission and project turn around

time, but also allow surveys over sensitive

environmental coastal zones or inland

water ways.

The products include:

Digital Terrain Models (DTM)

Digital Surface Model (DSM)

Ortho-photos and mosaics

Topographic maps

Other LIDAR data

47



Special Services (LIDAR in Powerline Industry): 1. Acquisition of terrain elevation in the

power line corridor

2. Mapping of vegetation, land use and

infrastructure

3. Creation of power line information and

maintenance systems

4. 2D and 3D presentation of power line

pylons

5. Determination of pylons centers and

suspensions points

6. Vectorisation of power lines

7. Determination of the clearance between

vegetation and power line

8. Creation of vegetation maintenance and

management plans

9. Overlaying with additional

geoinformation

48

Oblique Aerial View Imagery (OAV)

; Woolpert 2007 NSGIC 49

3

:

3

DEM(DSM) A.T()

()

+ +

1200dpi(21 m)

51

DEM

,

()

3

(Normal Ortho-photo)

,

DSM

DSM

(, ,

) DSM

3

(True Ortho-photo)

52

,

: DEM, GRID TIN

LiDAR

LiDAR DSM

LiDAR DSM

3 LiDAR DSM

:

: DEM, DBM, DSM

(Rectification) : ,

(Obscured Pixel) :

Matching :

(Mosaicking) (Feathering and Dodging)

53

DSM 1

: DEM , GRID TIN LiDAR : 3

2

- : DEM, DSM - :

:

- (Color matching) - (seamlines Processing) - Feathering Dodging

3

: (10Km2 )

- DSM -

4

: , ()

- , , GIS, , UIS

GPS/INS

LiDAR

DSM

DSM

DSM

()

54

: DEM

A.T() ()

DEM

DEM

: Bilinear

55

(True Ortho-photo)

(Direct Referencing)

DSM

(LiDAR )

:

()

/ Feathering/Dodging

LiDAR DSM (Double mapping)

( 0) ()

3

56

P0, P1, P2, P0, P1, P2

P i

, P i(Ri)

Pi, C

( )

P0

P0

P1 P2

C

P1 P2

R2

0

57

, , ,

,

: Feathering & Dodging

()

(Seamline)

58

E-mail : [email protected]

59

정사사진 정사영상 제작 -...

Documents