Colonization

Types of Colonies ROYAL – Controlled by the Crown (King

or Queen) PROPRIETARY – King gave control to

another (William Penn given Pennsylvania)

JOINT-STOCK – Funded by a group of investors who give King a cut of their profits

CHARTER – Permission given by King to start a colony

English Settlements: Religious Freedom & Economic Opportunity

Jamestown, Virginia (1607)• Established by a JOINT-

STOCK COMPANY • Some indentured

servants (worked for their passage to New World) came as well

• Colony had hard times due to general laziness and the swampy site on which they chose to colonize. JOHN ROLFE discovered tobacco as a CASH CROP (crop grown for profit.)

Bacon’s Rebellion As Virginia grew, farmers

were forced to move west. This lead to clashes with Native Americans, as Native Americans believed NO ONE owns the land. Nathaniel Bacon raised an army to deal with the Native American problems, but turned his army on Jamestown when they failed to support westbound farmers and allow them a voice in local government.

*Bacon’s Rebellions was about UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAND.

Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620) Puritans were English

Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England.

They traveled to the New World to escape persecution and establish a religious haven (religious freedom.)

PILGRIMS developed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT (Plymouth), which established MAJORITY RULE. This was the first SELF GOVERNMENT.

Puritans soon came in great numbers. This is known as the GREAT MIGRATION (1630).

Religious toleration shown with the TOLERATION ACT (1649, Maryland)

 

By the mid-1600’s, there was a pattern of LEGISLATIVE AND REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLIES throughout the colonies.

The English believed that ALL raw materials should be sent only to England to be manufactured into goods. This is known as MERCANTILISM. Colonists, however, felt that this limited their economic freedoms.

Other Colonies Rhode Island

• Founded by Roger Williams

• Granted religious tolerance to all settlers

Georgia• Founded by James

Oglethorpe• Established as a

refuge for debtors and military buffer from Spain

3 Groups of Colonies New England Colonies

• New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut

• Settled by Puritans… Puritans were VERY religious

• Town hall meetings were prominent

• Education was VERY important / High literacy rate (Had to be able to read The Bible)

• Economic activities included shipbuilding and fishing

• Engaged in the Triangle Trade

Slaves were taken from Africa to work on Caribbean sugar plantations

Sugar was taken to New England to be made into Rum

Rum was taken back to Africa to be traded for more slave labor

Middle Colonies• New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• Economic activities included farming and commerce… Many large cities

• Very diverse! Included English, Dutch, French, Scots, Irish, Germans, Swedes, Welsh, Jews, Portuguese, Africans and Native Americans

Southern Colonies• Virginia, Maryland,

Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina

• Grew “staple” crops: Crops that are always in demand

• Slaves supplied labor force

• Few large cities• Little importance was

placed on education