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TRANSCRIPT
'{(JLII «~I\I1I3" 1989
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YI\YO l\ll I\ II '1 'l (, I\ F, , , , l\) '1I\;L 'l ,l . II II · \! « 'l, "lI ll I\OI\ IIII » '1 "lI » . « II» 5',\ , il. - 6:III '( }'''i!III.l '( .lll!l.l IIII,
18 I\ .
II II: /. I- lI-. . . II YI\YB I\./.-1.: 'S'I\, 1989.-256 .
. : . .1 . -.
30.473
S"!17l- J/?
~~~~~~~~-r~~1 . -, 3:, ..
4309010000 - 344 ~\. • 353 (04) _ 88 144--4.!..::~~©«I\!l» , 1989.
ISBN 5-645-00047-1
, ; I~ - ~~ II rl JIII \ , I'i IlJIII r JIIIIl JIII,
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:=1 =2 2-II = ]. , J\o .J . I<; ~ .
II JI ]\ Pb-S1J (I<;rII ) , I - Sb ],\ I<; J\ ,\ II . =2 = 1 , =2 TCI! . II ,
, .
3- §. I\ .
. , I<; I<; ],\ I<; ll' .1f u},!u .
. J\ J\aM , ( ) ],\311-
u .
, (, ],\ro <lII ) I\, (I<;) , . -
J\ I\ I\
I! J\ ~ .
J\ I\ l, - Sb l\ Bi - Cd, Sn - Zn l\ " .
I\ J\ ", l\I\ J\ J\aM - ll I\ J\ ~
. J\ l, J\ Jl Jl .
J\ J\ ~l () .
J\ J\ I\ ll - Ni ll l\ Bi - Sb, Au - Pt, All- Ag, Au - , Fe - , Fc - Ni, Fc - , Fc - V l\ .
llll I\arrlll\ J\ Jl \ll l,ll, - ll ll I\ll ll -ll ll, - J\ I\ .'lll I,, Il Il J\ l\I\ Il (I\ ) 1,ll ', . ,\u .rIJII J\ , J\ . Il " Il. , I\ " · )' Il.
I\"IllI 1\0IJ J\
J\~l , l\aTTHI\ Jl 1\0lI Il () ll Il . IllYllra I\ll I\ , FIl-F J\
31
1. . l{ JI !) )\0-
, I\!) J\ - , )\ I\, 9-, . , Cu-Ni, Au-Ag, -, Fe-Ni, Fe-CI! I\ J\ . , 1- !) , 2- ;!) 1- () +I\ , 3- ;-;. I\!)
() .
2. . I\ J\ - , l\I\ - l\ , 1\0- J\ 9- , . Al- Si, - Su I\ J\ . , I\ I\ F!).
!~rJ8 ~ . ~ ~ J
.n (. . ).
32
m J\II ~ <lJ
JlJli J\ [l IJ JJ _
lJ , I, .1 1<I , I, IlI 9- , , , , II , l'iI\ II I\ I\ lJ (I\I\) [lJl [lJl. 3/([lAeMIlKJJap . . KYPllal\on . . liJ/ ll J90G ir II I\Jl Jl UI. II.'l.
I
- I\
IJ .1 , J\II:Jr,1 '},II J\
~lII. J\ JJ , J'iIJ (I\opa JJ \) II . IJI II II .'J i\l\ I\l\ .
(I:e) (2,14% J< ) Jl~ljJJl3lllJ \ J'illll l'i II3;_
(2,14% ) ;I J<l'1J ~ I\ll i\ .
JllO IIII , - . nIl lJ l\ n n (0,3 ... 0,9% ), Si (0,15-0,35% ), S (0,05% ), (0,04 ... 0,07 % ) ; .~ J< 02, N If2 :l i\I , lI li ( =40 ... 50%) 3 ('i =80 ._.85%) Jl3.
llIl II .
Fe - ll l)ll .1 fl lli\ ll.
- (Fe - ) . , ll3llJJJJ Ull YJlyr
3-124 33
IIII . . I\ I\. . . l)IIIIIIIII ll I\IItlJI <1~ 1\0311 <lJlIIIIIJIII <1II11IIII u I~JI.
1- §. -
I\lI llJlUII IlIlUJI.
(I'c) u ,U u, II I\ JJJl ,Jl Jl. T('~IIIP 0'1 I\ ,llI , Jl"( =7,86 / 3 • 'IIIII{ Il 1\ 0,1 ... 0,15% JIII I'iIIJlUJl , , IIJl<lII YIl'la 101'i0 (=75 ... 90'''8=250 ... :150 ,lJ,2= 120 '" 150 ,\\), JleKIIH '1'111\.11111'11 ( " =40 ... 50%, ~, =80 ... 85%) 101\0- llll.
Tt'~IIIPIIJIII , Il I\ , 311111111 33JIIIll I'I , II ll l'iall '1<1.1111\\ Jl, IIII JlII\\II lI, IIII MYCTU\KaMJlJlII IIII . TeXlIlIK Il 1539° iII, III I'iJlII.
MeTaJIJIMaC ll Jlll, IIJlJl '( ~- 2,5 /~I:\, ll TeMllepaTypaclI 3500'·. IIII 1\0- llll .ll 8 ll 1\ II II. Jl TClIP l'iII CiS-"'J<1II.
Te~lIIplIll ll ll \II CiJJJl,lIJ IIIIIli'i llll (~eMeIlTIIT) II l\aTiIl\ llJJ ui'illII.
- 6 IlII 6,67% \ I'iJ1- XHMHHBHii ll 5'll, llll Il
CiIIII F Il. ll .'111 KplICTa.'l.'l lIll , II II 1600", l,aHIII,.llIIrlI ll=800 , i\II u )'ll, 210"C u ml ll·
~llllIll UI\II Il ll.l llIlll 6l)JJlI\a IL1JJ MS'pTJJIIKKa 5'::1II IJJIIJl IlII ~Ia:lap \Ol'II.'1 1\1I.'1II1l111 IIII\II, lIlI ,ll1
aMa.'llIiJ a\a~III!IJI il)'l\, IIIIII )' Fe-C lllII1II 5·Jll.lI1ll 5'
M:lC.J,alJ, IJIJIJ I\HCMII 6S'.'Ir:1Jl l'e-F Allarpa~IMa-
3-1
::. 1100 ~!-I -+--+--+----1--+--1 "" ~I : {f ~ t-+-+--+-t---+-i ::. " I~ UprllWU 'I'fmum. .. ~ 1 ~ • ml!umu l!ill'5m ~ ~ 1'" ~ i 1 ~ 1----4--+--+---+--1
..... ~ "" 1.. 127 Jr ~ 100 ~I~ ~ ,/(/(/(1'fqu l'l'mn+ @1 "'" uqu l'mm+
"vm+/ll'vmu ~:"" .vmu !lum 600 I/l'ill'tJ :;pvm !:I t--
t 500 1 J ___ Ll ~LI ~_----L---L_ 22,11,. J • "~,] s 5 6,61
,7. -.
10 20 JO ~O SO 50 10 60 90 100 Fl!IC, % --
10- I . .'\:'<l ;ll1<11·pu~I~lacl1.
lllf I'i!IJ1II1I3!\H (10- ). II I'iiiII 6;\ II:l.
IIIIII II I< :IIJlllI, III lIII YI\II 65'i'IlI ( ) YI\I1 6II () I % ; lI:l I\)iJIII. II ' - I- J\ pa~1~1aCII I'iIl IIJIII I'iII. Il I<I-I I', AECF II. IIII Il- I"Il, IIr I" I'i0TIIIIl'.1aIIIIIIF II IIYI\Ta IIII, II II I",
I\lI IIlI III\- 1II1IIr II 5'II. 6II, !J F II:lII II III u ; I", , ;I\ (JI) ,, I'iaT JI , JI.
IIJIIII I'i !'iII.II aycTE'IIIIT II IIa 60ilII \ IIi ,!
35
"r . Il ') I'iII \l JJ , Cf IlJJ .l.l JJII . I\ 1'i0TIIlIHlaJtall lI:l 6up_!aJ,!I(U IleMellTIIT aTa:lalIlI, I ll. I1I'i (1147°C Te~l I1), 4,3 % l\o.lrallll (100 % I" IIIIC ll) ll I'i I\II~lll lI ( ) Il:lll .l, _.1IlIl .1. eraHa ( 1147°C ) aYCTeHIIT I< l\,o.lrall ')'I\ I\, Cf III<lIIII II I<<I:l JJ ll11 I\ll C~'IOI\ 1,.JJ<1I1I11I HYI'iTa - Il , II I<I( 6Il6 I\.l<1Il E<;:F IlII r (1147°C) .1 1l1:1<16, lII :lIII1I1 II:! . II:! II (l/{ lL !luut (n/{) 'IIIIlU <1.1 .
AESGA JJI\ 'I! lI.lll Il, GS IIl ll lll'i .1ii:II 6 IIIII\ll <1, IIII .'l( ~IIII\ / ll PS IIlIl"lI eTralllIa (~!II 270 l) llI .1 ~IIII S I'i ll (0,8%) .1 I'i:1Il. , ll aycTcllllT ll'i . GS ll PS lII' Jl' ll D:>i II lI, ~laca.1all, 111'1\ ll I'iII l'ill II l I\IIi\ ~l. IIIIII II)'I'i ll ll \"I\lIra <1J1 '1 111\ )"I(<1311- II 6 ')IIII GS 'IIIIIlI IlJJ<111 I( IIYI'i ( lI')) I(lll:ll YI\lIra II '111-
3111\ . IIIIIII I<lllJ1 )'')11 IIYI\TaCH aYCTelllIIIIIIIr II I1I\IIII Jlll.
') )"ll, Te~llIepaTypa i'Jll lll ',- ll ,
III\
ES f Jl I\UII, rllll I\I\ Il/{Kll,JaJlt'IU (UII) . , 111'i . ES F SK IIf ll J\ ll , :!ll, (1 III\ aYC'Tellll
(j 1\11<1 l\ll.1IIII [l1l1ll'.:!111 ~IYM-
36
KfII!. f1 () I,\ ll!f l) (' 'II!!II\ )' 1I\i:I3I1JI;li\11 I\ [S '1 "311 f"l1 UIIJlall, l\IIUl IIYI,\TaCII () ll l) 1'111\ III Illl. 3l\ I\ l) 6II I<; (10- l,\apOlIr). , ES F (SK F) I,\lI ll, 3F llII I, CF IIll GII lI 60.
GPQ I1 II I<;I) "ll, II ll . "I u )'II.'llIl\, i'I
11 :l lIII , , 7270 11 Te~1pa lIll lI I I) IIII PQ 'IIIIIII 6ji6 '11 1I'i 11, IIll IIII l) MallllU U. I)I)ll ll Y'I./a'\l'lIl JjeMeHTIIT ('" 6 . 06II, PQ II]IIIl OC'IIO I'ilI II 6" ", 1160' /,:IT 65':I:II. S IIYI'iTaAo (727" aycTelIlIT (l(1I6I1,1 0,8 % :l U)"'~r;lII I'ilI) llII 611,,011 II ll 60 II :lleXallHK ()
1I,'.10110 606, TeMlIepoTypallllll 5' 60Ta\IO,\1 :lll1l6 6)':l, II IlIIl J\aMMaCII .'IIITO i·I:l. l\, S III,\ lI IIlII 1'i0TIIllBla "I'i lI.lllIll 60II.
PSK '1lI311~1I (7270 :l<l) J\;lI I(<lII<JlI aYCTeHIITHlIlI TapKII6H S "YI\TaAar" ,\611, II 0,8% 611.1ll, l'ill (99,2% ) Te:llllp,'UIII 1160<l 66 l'io:I ll 60.l6, TeMnepaTypallllllr )'II 6 HIIG 65'II. PSK '11I311rH u [;lIl (Il) 3I1 .,II. ll6, (1113111)' .l .l, l'i 60I'i .1;J II;JafI PSK Il3F ll i'lJJ. lll1 , PS .1 I'ilI:l JJ"JJ.1II JJ ·
~JJ, PSK '111311rllllllllr ES OCTJJAorH I\III 1\0' JJ:l III\I\JJ;l' II, ' JIII
.'1'6II'-III, III'ill JJll 'l~ PSK
37
IJIlF I\ I\ .1 . lI, PSK 'IIIIII lI J,\IICMIlAall J"JJ<l.'l (jIlP:H1M'11I lL('\Il'IITIIT (jllll l'lI.ll1 JIUlIll II(jopaT (jII.
)(- II6 l{\II, I,\ll 6ai'11 ·:JII.1- Jl fc-f )( II IIJllll Il 6Jl. I\ll.'.1.l 13I1- ll (jI,\il1I Il )'lllll )(.
.. 10- ll III\ll 3Jl I,\ I'iII JlJl, II I,\" :l:lI\.lI1. I,\ lI:1 I,\ (jll 0,8% r<l'la 6y.'I , u uu fj , I'ilI 0,8 % , ll I1U_JaT , I\OlIIII\1 JJll 0,8% 2,14% ra'la 6\':IaHC! u)- tluu aTa:laAIl. .
ll , :!II 1'i0TlIlllMa llll<l .1- 2,14% 4,30% )', /uJall O_J uu 'I, I,\lI [16 4,30% JI:1, IJ 'lfj II\ l\olIIllMa [1lll<l 4,3 ,7% ra1la 5'Jl, IJ//ll() KcrlllHcU Ilfj.Ul l'iJl 1'i1l:1I1HrClH.
II;JII '1I111\3[111. I'e-F \O:I<IT AIl;JrpaM\lilClli\<I )'Il,1I1 JlJJII IIl' :J1lII (jJJ ll lIlIIll l\ IIl.
II () - lllllI (1. l'iI II. JJ l'iIIJ'i ll :\ Il Jl\I J'i1lJ1)l.
',\OlIIIJ\131J1111I' 115'llllJlII blYl' >\ II = (250-300) 1, llllii {j = (40-50%). ii I\I\IIII (1.",= = (250-300) , I\<lI\II R II=-1000 )(. IIJI II.l II l\ .
() ('1I IIII l' II , 1147°C II 2,14% D . , (' lI 727
0
( S I,\) I\ 0,765% . I\ )( ilG ll ll ll IOI\0 ().
llIJ 1\I1II
. IIII
38
f\ll = ]500-2000 : 11 40-50% r<I II.
() - JIlIllI lIll Ji.0CIIJI 1\ 11<'1 <111 llllJllii ll, I\ lI, llII (Fc:IC) ll, <1lI 6,67% " ~I lIJI ll . Ii,lI <1 l\aTTIII\ =8000- 1, ,lII" )' ( 15=0) .
II , I'i ' l , <lIl <lllll, IIII () ll III\[1<l <l<1 <l[ <1. [1 .'I<lp =7000-8500, 3'i 30 <1 <l II.
()- lIIIII - IIII IIllIlI lI<11I IIII lI
lI lIlI Ji. lI II Ji.a~1 . 0,8% SiII. I\lIII "II III lI I'il III'i. llJlI, ~"iill l'i1/I1III !-! = ]800-2200 'I .'I.
() - III ll ~lIIIIIIII ~I Il.~"ll II lI G, IIII lI .
I'iII lI<1 4,3% 6 IIIIHI' I<II,ll Ji. . !1 ,IIIII ll 60,1 III\JtII[). .
- lI lII'i <l:IlI 5'<l Ji. ,1'laH. lI lilII <l ,IIIIfIf i'I:I Ji.II 6<l.
2- §. (/( )
lllf " Ji.<J ~I I\ CTPYKTyp<l,lap "lI ~lIl-.l(,::( liOTIIIII\I:J,l<llmllIIIII' l ,1apII;\<JII \IICou.lalI'JiIII. (<l) I)(HIIIII' ' \ll'lI IlII, lIII TC~I
"" []170 6JI<IlI IIllill 2,]4% )'I'.'I('I)O}\ ~lIJ~';( ~"ilII.
J':)"I)('II:I;:II TC\IIIC'Pi1Typil D:.Ji'I:.J1I C<JP" IllIlI
39
. lII1II IOI\Op!!ila l'i 1\!!ll ll .
ll CTpYKTypacllllllllr lI;lllllllJll acocall I,() llllllll l!! 7270 ilall (KpIIIIK 1I)'I'iTa «A 1» ) Il 6}':lII, !! 6 \0- .l lI!!!! aYCTe!!IIllllllr II ll, )'lIra .1IfI3Il ~laJ\CY.10T.lap (KO~IIIOIICIIT.lap) IIIIIII' lll1 ,: lll I\ II.
>\ll iiII M)'MI\IIIIKII, aYCTClIlITllllllr .1II .111 I'ilIII \<J <JI\
ll I3 . 111<Jii 1\11.1116, II!! .1<J!!II ,!! rililll, II ~lr
pilllllllI' <Ji'IIIII .ll1 )'11 11 11 ;lii.1<JIIII T('3:lllrllr;1 JJ<J II('II<J 3I1IIII<JIl ,IYCTCIIIIllllllr r'l.lil-
1I1111111 l'i II. r,IlIllI acocllii I\IlIIIIII aYCTcIIIIllllllr ,Onll
II:lI <JiiII >\II 5',l<1 IIrlI1\ ii:lII <1II, II IIII 'l.lIIII (S',I ) llJlll <1.lII,
aYCTclIlIT >\JI l'iIlIlII;Jll IIS'.'laTIIII 1'1)11- lIK "Yi'iTa (111) <111 1I<1l" T('~lllcpaTypariJlla llll · IIl), Kciillll' ll, )'111.1<16 , \JI aycclIlllIlIIlf -IIJIII apa:lalll~lara i'1:lil 1I1Il1ll1 "I, I3al\TAall II ll 5·:I,. ;'\l<J l (0II ) aycTelllllllIllf ii aii:la IIII 11- , r:l II,l. :I ,lII 1 II III'ill r <1l1 <1YCTClI ~labllYM ll I3<JI'i ll >\ l\Il 6 - KeOlara TClIf , ,ll ilciill.lail!!.
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40
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, ll :la1l1l6 -ll II ~l~1 I3al\T I\lI _
~§_ ~~
\III, \ll 611 [\6 I\ ll 5' rrlIrll I\. ~lII llll ~' ll [II rllce~larllra . \ 6 \ [,5'I1II<I II:I<lj1 <l , !llI )':l )"3 IIU llll lI lI I\!I, IlII <l l3J[ <I [(epaI(J!II JlII![ !JI!I JI !I I\J[ JllIKJIa ll.
S"JIJI 5i IIJI6 l\IIJI JIJI J([II, MapTellJIII JI 6J[[lIlII_
I!1II J(6 JIJI II ll.lrll. lI , II ., () II.
S" ll-" [\lI ['i [\11- :[II:
<: 0,25% S" , Ka~1 , :::::: 0,25 ... 0,60% , , > 0,6% [\
:13[) I'i.l I'i .' 11. ; l\ )'
(r) ; lIl ll ~1 ~'![ l\.
4- §. ~
ll )'.l 1050-74 ll ;;- 11116, .l [\i'r 6.l[[ [il[![<I [(,'l[[(j)!(<lI llII:
) ( ) J\-
-11
I\ II, ~I - , llll - J-I \JI;
) IID ; ) I,; ) l/ () <]ll<] I\<]; ) llllll llllI\ <]u uyi\l\
.
llii ll.111 :l:11I S':l:I<l 3-71 uii , <l.lll 3 Il }' :
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UI. ; Il :II 11)":laT:I<lp S"] llOll I\S'P
caTI\II'IJIapIIra III\ \o:I)la l(IlSI:IJ )'.'IIIIIII, I::
- 1, 2, 3; - - 1, 2; II- 1, 2, , 4, 5, 6.
.lll 1I!!.I(l1'.lU/J l'iiiIl<]II'I<I iii.:II.
- - , 1, 2, 3, 4, 1' 5, ..: ; - , l) 1, 2, :\, 4, 5,
6; - 1, 2, 3, I 4, I 5,
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II IIII<1II )'.l l\.'l~,II.,II 1...,..5 I II :lII, .l II iliIII·.,
I\ . l\ II .l ,lllJ1II «»
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~II .
II ll II! l\ll · JlI1 12, 18, 65, 3
\01\;130 Jl" 1\Jl).(. I(· II ~ll «II»- JlIII( I(III, 1\ll l\ellllHrlI l'i ii Jl - IJl!>· II III (% 1\), .Jl l'i I'i .lIIII . IIlII JIii.
.l I'i" - , ,~, l\ 1( !iIIII. 95, 9\0, 1852 I\; JI, III\ 1;~i1ll l'iII . ~ Jl .
6· § I(I(
" 4543-71 l. JlII ~· Jl JlJl . ll · Jl Jl IIll I\ J\ ; Jl: II (15X, 15, 20, 38 I\);
45
,Il (l5, 20, 45, 52 I,\<l); , Il (18, 20, , 25, ll 1 ;); , (, 8, 40); .
JIJI /10<II-ll<lII;LIIii:III 1
(l5XM, , , N1 <l Il;, "" IIIlJIll (142I-I, 20Xl_ \ I,\<1). 'v
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II,\ I\<l[ 115':1<11':1:1/1 IIIII:!On [1I1Ui" <J3l1 \ Il-IlII.'L:111 I\ 1\lI. \
II l\yiillj\all'la s-, l'i 11:1 [I/L 11. \,J;LIl lllllIII III( pal\aM Jl1' IIII yr.1epO:LIIIIlir II llIIIII IIlIIII, \:l[1 : -. - , - lIii, - ll, - naIIa , - , - MapraIICI!, II - 11 11 m" - IIU Il, - jJl II, \II " fII l\ I<IIIl II I1 I\ l l Il :IIlIlIIII,
\ l\ 5', lI.111 I,\" 1,5% III \.
JI ll IOl\oplI GJl (\ , , lIllI, l\) I\ll II . fI JIIII " Jl I\ - ll S"II
Il. " I\ u /IO l1,/.7
977-75 i'IIJlII. "JI,1fU1 .1 fI 15, 20, JI, 5JI, 45, , 201 JI, 45JI, 5JI, , 20 I,\ .
<l \3 IlII III\"II l\II '1'('
IIJl Jl IIIIIIl
4G
..'1,11. .1 l'iII I'i :laT:lap 0,01 0,1 % , JlII UII.'II u I 0,008 0,01 % , 0,004 0,006% , Jl 0,01 0,014% - ,Jlu.;!.
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v _ I\
I-§.
Ta:I:I:ljJlIll1lf :lll \II.'1 1\IIJIIll1ll l'iIIJ
:lap""I'" :1\JMIIHTll l,ll. lll IIIIII ~laTCI)lla:l:lap :\a:lI\ :\~··<I.1I1IIllIIIl JI \.'l", Maea:l<Ill, aI3l\ll calloaTII, l\JIII, JlI<\JO-
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Il:I <lII.1 .
.111 MCTa:l:lap"lIllf I JlJlII .1llll, , :ll, :;, ll, II,III, II, lli'l, :IlII
IIHli, "SI'lllI l\a.'lali, :\PO~I, , llii, 1<0- :Il>, ~1O:llI:.lII, I1lIOllii, llIIll, ll I\i1- .'lll.
':lj UI, .1IOlllI '" ll :ll'i II pallr:11I MCTa:I.1ap: II, I\ll1I, 03 -; :\ II.l lll:l . ! ll II <l"1I MeTa:l:lap: , , llllllii, D:Il,\l, l\i'1 I\ KeJl . \I\I)'IIII II . .1 lJOll Jl llllJll1l1 llll IIJlll l1 . . I1I1I1 I1 l1 11.111 1I11I llllI II .10II IIII]l,ll-II
·'.1 Il. ll - MOI,lT I«):;I1:1:l" '.1 llOllII:'l,:lII lll1 l\ i'1
. ilj1.1:1.:lllll (j II:lll, Gm llllII"
51
f\ )'nll l\ l1l\J ;.,; l'iyplIJla .lllj,
calloaT llll pallrJlII ~lJl l II llllll JlII ;(II I\ . . III'iIIII;t llii U);IIU, .'III IJJ/ ~,!~'~Jl.'1 "IIII " 6S" "i.;:~ II /01'i0P" 5PIIII ll lI1I 3J1J16 6.
2- §. .
. . N\ll II Cllce~laCIIIIlIlIr 1 ll 6 IIII5JII .l\lIl. 6 11O~leplI 2~, l1.lI1 G, 546. ;JUII III< II II (65 II 69, 1%) II (30,%) .1;)11 ,,(). \'IIlii ll IIll 61 II ( II :;J.1Ii )/\11- \" \ ~IY\"~1 \lIc06:laIl3.111.
IIIICOIlIl5JTra "" .1 pallr.111 ~ICT3,l' ll ll 5'Il6, /lI f\llJl" IIII.1I1 )/\ IIlI lI1I llll \3II/3 ll. 1976 .'III ll 1\)':111 111\111111.'(;1 il\oii:13IlI' " f\II'i ll IIII 200 f{ m'iHII ~IIIC . \ ~IIIe l\II f\ml ", ll II lllIlIlI Jl ~Iiill l'iIlI\.
. 611 \.l:1. ,,1 ii , "II ll II 6:III lI:
1. , IIII I<Il , S 611ll Il \ ll.'I;
2. , llIIII llll;t ~IIIC .
;.,; , ll II
Jlll I1 ( I 99,9%) \5J Ka~I II " \ :IIIIIIIIIII 5% 1\lI.
() II )I1 T;Jp f\ll , ;";Il 80% f\IIIII1I1 f\. II )' T;Jpf\a.lra ( ) CLIfCSz, I CU2S, u FS IIII
C"S . i\\IIC ll/l ;/l IIIIII I% II
52
511\1111111111 WII I\lI, f)YII"lff JlJJ JlIl CIICO",,'CII ( 2 ), ll 20, llII (II) II, Il 2II () 2 Ul\ II, ll IIllllll !I I\" 1-2% ll "60 , 0,5% JI , % " II "",,':' ~"lIaII, l I F , Jl , uiilllI, II u lI ", III\, ., ,
6", l(.'ll>llj'1 IIJI llJJJl ll, JCI\1I11 II:I i'l l'i Jlll JI :lIJlI 1/11 l\lllII Jl !'i
"n''''lap" lI () . II_I U)'_'III I,
IIIII\lI II I\ :lIl )!\oj'I_'Iap (';]1I lllli'1 , ;, 3l< "<111>, III, III\lIII ,
M<1Ca:I<lII, I\lI .llI\ I'II l\a3110 llll II :, .1 II, Il, , , -
5
·7
12- r"C\!. ,""ll (ioi"lllTIIIII Y'IYII 1III1,l;1TII.1a:llll·;111 ,l()"1(I1IJ11 r.,r:1IJI",,(lI!JIIII' CX('~la('lI.
1 - 'rl\lI\ll 1\lI:lJll1 TYU; 2 - fiYlllif'P; :J - H9rJlII\; 4 - I\l~ u Y-I)'1I 'l't'llii; 5 - II 'J'J.)}"Gu; (i - ut1I mIIHC:18jJHII \tt.u 'l't:I; i - Gl't;JJ ii.:lJJ; /j - ... .
53
, , , - . .
~ Jl. MIIC ;\i1!\[J 11 11 11 YHlllIr ,II)I(IJ(jllII KcpaKCll1 II (I\ll) ll, MIIC 1<lll II J\u I'i " II .1. ." , " .lO,II11 <lllll.1II . III II .'l II:IO OI iillII (~ }II ,5-,5 I l'i Il :U ). l ~IOIOII I\ , lI ~I!l .1!"·' \II S"JlIII, \ Cl1 2S l'ill ,IIILIJ I\Y:laii I1( lI .
.1lI (j311 l101I llll (12- paC~I) (m.1lI TS··.'1;\l1- p"JIa 11 (2) . ;\\<1 [lJllll<lra Tpy(ja (8) lI II 1\ Il3,1,1!, \l ':lca ('" (1) l\ YTII(j lJal1l1<Jfa UIl. .,
I-I, Il .)'ll 1I GS"Jla .li1 pll:- \ Il YJI;lpl1l1 l1 l<JllIII l1 I\ (} lll lI '1111\<1,'1,11, lI (4) 0l\lI I\llIl lIlI l'iypIllI:la . I-I, 15-20% ; ll JI l1 1\ ;.
. IIII lI 1\ll ll Il (7) 5'Il, ' Il (6) 1'i!\ lll'i II.1ll ;] \0-
.
. ..II!\ 31\. 80% ra'la . lI II iI illl lll1l1 ll!\ ll, I\ llII ~II1C llllll ( 11011 iiIl ll) II l\ JlllII. 20% l\\II1 Il :lll ii ll l ll <lIl,,\3 ~ l\ Il ll )"IlIlIU llll.
[V\ calloaT ll llll I ll . ll " TYPJlli I<llll
(llIl, , Jl ll-
54
[J~~-f -'1 r~"-~'i"~-
13, . ~lII ll II n 11111' ;lll II .
. lI Gl\) lII. GJlll Jl ll II I\ (13- ).
55
lll\lI, MIIC II nrIl . Il Il Il , Il Il lllllI1I , I\ i'11I (CLI2S FeS r) . 20-50% , 2()-40% Fe, 22-25% S, I\ LI, Ag, , Zn I\ 8% I\"II . I-I, J\ I\llll I\ II 2.3-4 , 4,3-10 KOIIBepTOp (ll .1 10() ll I\ ) (10-12 II 5', II ), . ll l\iiJt IIllRii D , Io; fIll I ()-12() J\aBO IO II <\ll, FeS+ 1 ,50>- FeO+S02 ll TeMllp ()r. I\ , lI::
2f+SiO .. F2Si04
ml, J\ lIII I<Jl I\ II I\llllIl
II :MeMeIIT.lap .
; \.l
(CLI2S) - 01\ (l 80% CII) J\JI II, I\opa !mIIIl ll , l:: ClI2S+ 1 ,50T-*CLI 20 + S02 20 (ClI2S) II 01\ ii ll, \ ;,
:
2CLI20+CLI2S->-6CLI+S02
I"' S Fe " (1250- 1350°) l\JJ II \.
l\ l\ \ )' XO~la· Il ll
, l\
" l\ ILI !ll .
56
)\ " (99,99% I\) JII .
- I\
, , ! l\ I\>\. >\. - ll ll. I\; 6 . )\ l\ Jl 25% f\I lll l\Jl .
II - ( ii I~ 6) ll Jl. l-I - \JIIII (200 f\), ll I\ .
ll f\ 0,6-0,7 II ):'Jl, L' f\ () l\ I\ lll1 ll I\ .
( l\ ) iII l~ l\ I, ~ f\, . Jl
50-55 0
F . '" (, Jl, f\) Jl (f\ ). f\ (, , , ) f\f\ ~~ F . - llf\ I\>\. . , <l ~aTTO >\. - f\ >\. . .
>\. Jl MIII\AOpH ll llII 0,2-0,5 - 1'HIIH l I\.
57
5' 1 2 100-200 , JIII 0,3-0,35 .
J( JI naI'iTH 20-30 I<I JI I'i:I. <l ~<lP 7-15 <lII JI":I, 1 JIII JIII " 700-1100 JI II Jl.
I\ Jl IOII:IIl , Jl II
" I\, , II ~ap I'iII (, 4 l ) " I'i l;II.
AIIa I\" " - IIII (% :-';II) I'iyiiIlJIarlI 5- .
I\ ! : " II II II.
MIIC II II(jopaT I\II~IJl . J(ii JI (I'i ) II \I IIIIJ(lI. II .~3TY" I\" 48-50% II.
15527-70 MIIC-Jl" ".1"IIII () - 96, 90, 85, 80, 70. 68, 62. II o ", l'i IIII II, I\ I\ II IIlII . () II I\II,l, III I\ ~lII (II CII ) I\ , :-';.'l IIII .lII ~ JI I\3.1J . , 74- 3, 70- 1, 59-3-2, 58-2 ~. II paI\aM , II II JI % ~ IIIII '<}' .
"II II IIII II ~ II ; I\-, -, I\-, II , -, -, I<IIll-, - ~. II, II I\ 58-2 () IIII, 58 , IIIII, 2 J<lII .- II , I'i (II 100% S:mIIIIII -
58
I \ ; ,
00 3
n _ ~ R
(
66 )
\ l
JI j!
l. o
.l l
0, ~0
1 0,
00 1
0, 00
1 0,
00 1
0. 00
1 0,
00 1
, 2
I I
I
1, 0
), 40 . lf Ull JI ; , IIIIIII' l\i\G II :11,;111' IIIIII , JI!( 80·Jl, : (iO-l·1J! ,. II ll JI ;,; UJlll Jl . -
l\/l ll llll-[ ~I- II , [[, JIII
, II JI, ~lI I\ I\[.
[[J[ll lIi"r, , , I\ .
. lIllII II \ IIII .>\ ll ( 1111- I\) I\ lI II 6 II. . [\I1II![ ll 6I-I [\yiiMaKop.lI1K [II\II _ , [, 1[;[Il. fI li Ir (- ) [\, [,[I opl,\a.111 ;,; 1,\lIIl. <l[([[uII KOMIOHe[[T;[a
I\ii, I\II.'III ll.13U .1II· .
,II IIl11 l\:I"l!I. I1I11II" 1\[[)"[l1[1I 1.;lI .1II [lIlI % J\II06II '1 IlI'iIIII nII ['i l\ . , 11·4·3 II !,\ II % [,\aJla'l, 4% III[, 3% [\5' [IlI I'i II ( ilIi % \lIII lll \'i 6[10[1 3[II 1.;3II.1M<lII [) lI llII.
I\lr 3[6 [[lII - I\ I,\ · i'I IIII IIlI, ['i [III'i. IOIIIII[ 5 - 10-3-1,5 I\ II. u
I\ (I\ II l'ifIII ) I\ ~. II i'r I\II III I\ [ , ~II ~J [(.D['iII ll, -
60
. 14% I\Jl III .
III II I\ lI I\a Jl I I\ ( (1 ) I1 JI «(1-1-6) JII!II l.
l\Jl lIlllIll I! l\If IIJI .~JI I\JI. \If: lIJIIII lI JI II· II JIII lI Ni, Z, , lIIl! , Zn, Ni IIJII IJ) , ~IJIII.:IlIII If If Ni JIlI I\.
I :,\ I\II · lI ( ) I\I"J ( <1.1) lI. lIfllI U[10Il.l II ., l\I"JII ;JIf ( .1 II ii), [1, I'iII IfI n \<1 ll , I\ lii l"iii<J JIII iil.
iiIl l"iJl l'ilI <J JI 6 I'i JI I\I"i , .'l .lIfII m! I\ .1ii <l IIlI<J IOI"i0 :>\ IJ<lII II \Il
.
( 5 ... 11 % AI) I\ ll ,
l"i I\ I\. JI II ll, , , :>\ I\.
(1 .. 4 % Si) - h, )'
I\ I\" I"i :1!I lIII II. ll I\ 2500 I1 I\ ll.
I\r (25 .. 30 % ) " - 1\11011 II:1 ":):1 ll, II Il IIll<lIl, ),II-
61
;u l'i ; )\ . Jl , IOI'i JI Jl3 IIIIII II,
JIIIII JI I'i JI IIJIu lJI.
I<., I<,III\ IIII 1<.3!JaM<Jc uuu (3% )') JI J\ . II IO; jII l(e(III l"II1Jl JI, JIJI, IO; I1I IIJI (5000 U.1II J\ 20
0
IO~ttIlI JI III!l J\JIIl) UII! II . IOI\ U II JI: u l1II , l1,
l'I, , l1, ,
IOI\ II IIIIII )\ II.
. . )\ lIJl (;1(11
. )\II II IIII JIII YJIapIIIIIIr II )\ ;IllI JIO paI'iaMJ1apII . II, -8-4-3 (8% Sn. 4% Z, 30f06; ), 2 (2% ), 10-4-4 (10%,4%, Fe 4% Ni I\ ). I\ u-uu I\ J\aM . , Ii ;.
(19% Ni) u, , 101\0- . , IOI\ I\, l\
, , IOI\ I\ .
( I<,I , 5 35% 13 45% Z) MI-IU 15-20 (15% Ni + ,20% Zn) , lO; )\ , ,
. IIiiIl lIlIII, 101\0\)]1
62
" §. I\
JlII, JllOIII JI JI Jl, llII - OI\llp.
I'iII IIJl , JI lI ( = 2,72JCM2) , , ll , 8 Jl IIJl J\ I'i ll ,
i"IIlJlll, IIl\, l\JI II -\~M ll 101'i0P" .
lIUllII IlllllI I'i I,apau, ,llI 999 (99,999 % !), I\ 99 (99,99% AI) 9 (99,9% AI), 7 (99,7% AI), (99% Al) J\ . III\IIIIJl JlIOlIIlIIllIIII - II IIlIlII1II II , \ l'ilIIJIII . " )'JI ll llll ll.
TCXllIIKalllIllr Jl" \" lllfII I\II I'ioII IIIIIIO AllllaMIIK I<J U" I\UIIIJl I"apau, II I\II ~I\l u)'ll 5' II \il I<ClIr IIllII, IIII II =
-2,85 3 ll ;lIII (" i'(. "=500 ... 700 .
l\lIJl JlII ii 1,0- lI , l\Jl lIllll . 11 I\ , F I'i0 mycta-\,lII l'iII .
( I, 2 ... I6) 3,8 .. .4,9 % ( ), ll . II lIll l\ IIII I \ , I\ \II . I\ll, J\aM 1\0J:lllII MYCTaJ\ ~IJl .
.1 - ll , , .
63
"II 1)0II ~J. Al, 5, 8 " aeoc<JH 100 <J II!(lI ..
~ (3000) I\<J J(II , , , " "0- ".
" JJ " () lI i'I I\ MaBiY . JJ IlII ,\ "JJ " ;,; II, «J1I=500 .,. 700 <J). , 95 96 I,,; I"; " 20 '" 100° .1lI II I"I . II I..; I, , I"; <J Il I\ I"I ,\ Il JJII , I: Il·
IIIl , ;,;IIIIII
I I , Il III
<J . IIII Il I\\l II IlI ,\Il IIII ,<.1I1 'J Il.
~ I\ ", , IOJ, . " I) . lI lI I) " , I - Si III , II I, ~ ;';II ,\. 5-14 10 Si II I, . , F ". , ~, " ;,;II
" . "
II
64
Ma.~ap ' 3;iII ,. ;JJ
ll J\," . ; .. I\ 16, ; lIII . I\ I'< " lI lJl , J! ll aI\lIll, II l\ I\ " <lJI Jl 101,0 (250.,.3500') IIII IOI, I\ l\ ',./l . IIII I, I, J\aM .
I\ J\aM 97 I, aJlIOMJt." II lI I,Jl J\ I\. Jl. lll I\ll l2 I\, l\ll., , I, l\ IOI,OPH . IIII J\aMMa "" II lJ Jl IO,\ ; JlIIJl. YJI<lP 450° ~ . 21. 4-1 I, I, I, ·350
0
ll J, I\ :i I\ll .
I, .., , MycTaJ\KaM7 I\ll. " ],I , aTO~1 J\ Jl "
ilOIJIf Jl J\l\ JlJl.ll.. llJ\Jl ll , I<" lJ, JlJJlh , I 3JIMac
Il, Jl l\Jl llllll llJl l\ ], ], ~.
4" §. I\
01, llll, " II .t = 1,7 /3, 65I°C, ;" lJ ,) ~~ ]]0 ... ]80 ,
= 4 ... 8%, ], =00 . J\ .
HIIIJI' Jl . II JtII l' , " J\
5-124 65
~lJ IJ ;. II "l' , \I; l\II I\ J\ \ I\ ll ~ II.
I\ , I\l\ ,l.l. t.l 1\ . I\ I\ l\ .'lll II taH .'l .
l\ f\III!ll \'l, , ll llII Kellf II . -IIII l'iII3 (~2,6% AI), - I\ (~0,4 % Zn) 65'.'1116, tl lll f\II ~lJ\l( III.
ll 1111 1IJ1 I'ilI )\ Jl, I\-JI 8 l\;.n , l II l\llfl IIll , lI ll , 5 I\ll F 8 l\ I<; \l1 ll , Jl5 I\ll n II, - 1'mt,I1 I1 I\ p.~allaII.
5· §. )' I\
ThtaH-Jl Jlll, ((-I\ , !J II v= 4,5 /3 , II 1665" Il. 882,50 cl - III\II «llm, )fii.1ll () II, ~ - ~3I1 Jlll (I() lIll )'II.
llll II IlI1 I1 !JIlIII ' (I'i) I )'Jl II. (/) ~~ -40 ... 70%) 5'II, >; ( O'IJ=- 230 .... 250 ). TeXlIlIK ll (BT-l) (~0,8% l\!1III I,II) 0i,=300 ... 350 = 20 ... 30%.
ll lII IOI<;0PII - 3II 8 ll II, IlII ll blYCT:J\K3M 31'1'1 ll f\ lll\ll. )'.~ . 5000 f\, I!
Jl l\I1. ~ G, ll TI!Talla
66
aco€Hil 'l J\.aM , I1- llll, i ." . ,", '.
ll l\''- I\ I< ;,'J ' I\lI ll J\JI . :l'll,J11'f l\Jl Il~~8-00 ,., 1500 \:~; -,\ (6= 12 .,. 25%) J\,ll Jl . Illl li ll l,: Jl,iI;.i, lllI ll ', l\l : ll II fl 40% ll~ II . ' ; '. ' ,': .
llll : l\,. ~ 1\():r~3\)II(.Ii·,~ ll 'lI .ll. 'r. Ill, , llli. ; ,
ll l1 I\' (, Mapra' , ll, l\ ) , ll.l., l\ l\fi ' . "
(-, ~ ll (I\lI- ) lllIII (, , , ,lO l\), ' 0:':"'"
Ull . " , IX - l\I\ J\ 1\11' . .l~ IX - Il a~a l\ , \l l\ l~ll . llJl l\ 2 '" 7% I I\, ll~ l\ ll MycaJ\KaM, l\, « Jl» IIJI ( 0,02 .•• 0,05% ll ll ).
I,ll (- 5, - 5- 1) ll' l\ (400 ... 5000 ), l<, ll, I\l . I\ll IlJ\ , ll (: II , II ,\ . 5- 1 l" l\ I\, ll'" \l Jll{Il. l\ ii,t:I- ll l" . '
6- §. ,
ll , J\ llil' l\ ,
,\,=8,0 /3 , t",u - 1450, 'I)
~7
MyeTaJ\KaMmlKKa (6~ =400 .... 500 ) , .lli.lII .'1 lf\l.lIIf.
i\ .'1II.lll IIIIKe.lb 0,01 ... 2,4% )'.1 I\lI .l\lIl (teMIlP-, , , .'I[, l\.l) )'.l. lI i\ ll , , i\ 1\5' l, l\I\ ; ,\.'l I\.1, y.~apllll"r \'\'
.'I " , lI1I .'1 5':,'ll . .'1 .'Ill.'1 "iJca (IIII, , I\FII, , , 1<ll) ; .'Ill, l\iJ ll IIIIIIII <liilfII.
I-Im{II , , MapralleIt lfll I\II.1 II (~- l\aHIII-; l') " lI, """ lI, "" COBYI'i .ll l'iOHIlI'iap.'111
" lI . , I-I)I(, 28-2,5- ],5 (68% Ni + , 28% Cu, 2,5% Fe, 1,5% ) M<lp 1\8<lll ,\ll "lfll .1 ll.
1-1 .. l'i<lII 9% llll ( ) I\ .
"" - 1\0IIIIII 20% I I1 (2080) II~l ",0- '"II ll '(XI5I-1) I\ ; II II.'l .
I\ I, «- II» <l. '
I,ll IllllllI 650 8500 " l\ ll. " : I\ 77 (19 ... 22 , 2,3 ... 2,7 Ti, 0,55 ... 0,95 I) 77 IOP, I\UJ'I1 IlI (" 0,01 % ) ,\ .
7- §. I( I\
Il I\ , I\ JOI, iiIl. ~ FO, ,I\, I,III1
68
l11l1 l\ - II. •
ll l I\ ll Jl l I\JI.. I~U.ll ll ll ll II, I\ I\YP I'lI ll, II JJ 8 Jlap IIJlJJlII. III II ll .,:. ~. .'1<lII.'lII< Jli1, J I\ I\YP I'IIIIIIIIII , II I\ ll ~ll \II l'iIllIll J'ill I\ S"iiII. II llll I, ll llll Jl ;l. Jl
.rI II l\.rl. l <ll l\Jlii I\ . II.
I\lIIIII .'! ( IIGII) ·Jlll, (l - (Sb Sn ,\I\ lIII) f3 - II (uS SnSb ) l'i1 IJIII lI .
llJllI 83 88 J\n Jl , I\ I1Jl ii
ni' II ll. ll lIlI Sillllll ll, , ll . .
IIIJl I\ Mal\ca ll l'iI"t-I\IIII I\ ii llll. il i'll llI acocail lI . I\a -1'i)iIIII I\ I\ , l), ( ) I\, . II l\, .rl ll II.rl. I\ ll i'II , F , ll . lI I\Y Il·
I\roI. J\r , I\Y 8 I\ , 2 :,\ I\. . , TOF-KOH
69
'8-§. " Pl I\
l( lI ll , ,!, .II ll- l\l\ lI, I, I\ " l'i KeHrpOI\ IIll ,I1· I\ (jJ, .. , , ) [II ,II ,1)II !I II
raIi, llfIlIll II. I\ II II ~;''1Il, I\l- I{ , , I([[ , Il I'i, \ .
Il I'il1II mI, IIIII t",,, - 34100 , YI[JIHr I\ II !I
ll, 1I0 . I'iII ,fIII .:Jl, \III I'i ( 30% , 15 ... 25% I\)') Il \ ,
,ll I'i!)[[I ,ll , J\ lI IIII II I!![[f \ , IIII II . i'r - . ; J\u i'rllll.l.
YIIIIHr I, \ \ I IIII. .'1~1 , lllI
, I\ lI
, lIll I, I. I\ ll HIIPKO[[[Ii'I, Jl, , , III l\I, I\ \ ll. 9. j
70
·ll lll '" ll. I\ ~II. I\ lJl,ll I\ (0,1 ... 0,2 Zn 0,005% ) I\. .l\ llllll . I\ll, " llll IIJl J\".
, 111111 l\, II
l IIII . II " II16 l,Jl II nn~ (N.~Ta Jlap), I\ ll N/J - SIl, N. - Zr , N.-W - l\, ll ,\R ", \ II ,\Il .
" I\ , ll, lIll I\ IIJ\ IOI,OPII, IIII Jl ll IIU . I< I l\Jl -, Jl \ , Jl, "
lIII, JlIJII ll l\
IIll1ll.
III,U;J II ~aM Jl II 5% ll ll Jl I\ iillllJl. I<.lI 1200° MycTaJ\ KaMJlIIrlI 0,,=360 .
l; Jl (IllI, , , nJl l\Jl) Jl I\ llll ( ,\ ll l,), lI ~ . ,
II TeXlIlIKa, lI, '1111<.III I< I)JlJl Y'IY" I ( ll) l) -, llll JlII. '
VI .
n ~ap · l)II, " n lI [{ . I\. ll I\ . I\.
IIII ll l) n -
71
.'lill 'I\' ~[~ II . , : I\~ I\. [II I\ I\ ll ll I\I , II " , /fGTTU/f I\u .
I\lI [~l\ (HRA = 860 ... 920 ) . (800 '" 100QOC), (I<. ) , ll I (I<. ) - - (I<.) [~I l'i [ ,(6- l~apaH).
, ~aMMa «1<.» Jl; i aI~ II III, «» ll l~ I<. Ii,lI llll (TiC) II[ I! II . I<. I\lI [J [,\ TIITaH ll I( (TiC + ) I"rI I II . WC [J[ I,\ II ['i[ l , LJ [\ [J i'[IIII 100% i' [~ II.
I<. I< [\II [[[( [!I JlJl l'i['i , l<II . WC [ I<- 0.'l ['i Jl;, [!II . l<.[> [J l<II ll JlIlll (F s), , I\ ['iI'i ;, . l\I I\ l(II[III I I\3I'iII iill II I\(DI\ . l'i ll ([(0-
I\ l'i Jlll ['iI ) ['ill i'I, >\ ll l\I\ l\I!II l'iI .
I<. l'iI'i l\ll II ['i .~, Jl;aM , l'i1.! ,II .
' i\ -
72
I \
l l
-
l l -
-
J l
6-
l\a TT
H I\
I \ , ,
8
l\ 'l - : -
l \ . 1
U J . l . ' l
8
1
2
,
,
3
- ~ O O
11 00
;
6 (
g4
6 -
- 90
0 13
50 l ,
I \ ,
" -
I \ i' i ,
a- 6 (
g4
-
- 88
0 12
00 _ ~ :
I\
, ;
8
5 16
00 5
' _
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, -
86 0
17 50
. 1 l \
l\o pa
; -
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O ,
_ 1
;
-
7J
15
6 -
90 0
11 50
_ 1 I \ ;
5
I\ op
a, -
_ 1 ;
) ' I I I \
I,o pa
4 3
87 5
16 00
;
) '_ 1
,
I ,
5 ' _ 1 0 ,
3 8 5
, l
5 '
I \
\ 8
82
8 7
u . 1 0 .
II lf
I\ i'[.'JJ'JI\ 100-150 J<, 5·.n, l\ I< I\ I\<J ,
l/ Jl I\ll ." ~~ Jl 2 ... 5
Jl, l\J [\ l/ .1
1000 .. ' 2500 / JJ . I\ I\, 20 J\JJI!
I\ l,JI I!
l/II , JJ [\JJ<J OFHP IIJJ<J[!.1ll .
I\ u I, J l\I\ 1,0lI ; . II [, JJ ~ll l\I\ l\I lI II:I. 'Jl, ( 4 ) ['.0- I\lI IIIJ l\I.'I lJ ll /l JOI\Il·
.; l, - ll I\I ylrFOTMO[,Aa. .1
. I\ , , l\uJUl -,\ I\a I\ JlII l\, J\ l\I\ , , l\J\ , F () 1,[lI\ I<..'[ n .
l\III , IIII l\I I! <: . (WC) I\II l\1I1I\.111I, . F (), I\ I,I, . .'llIIJ i'r:-
74
l\l I\ l\I~' . ( I,\ I\ S;ll I\ ) . . l\I~ I\ \VC JI l\ , J\aM . l\I<; , I J\ . I,\ I(Illl I\ lI (100 - 150°) I\ pOI<; IIIII .
l\ I\ I\ Q .
II I\ IIII I( Ji. n
.lll J\ ,\ 2 ... 5 I\. l\I<; I\ Il ml 100 ... 2000 / r II! .
' I<; I~, Ji.~ J\
Ji. I\ l\I<;
Ji. . I\ 1\1I1'II FII. II , n II 1\II Il i'I I\ I\ ( 4) 6 I\ I\" I\I\ I<;
Ji.OCIl.1 l<;II. , 4 311 I\ )<3[l
)'F.l (II) .1 :'\l\.
; l\ (40% 50% ) ,\ ..1 1\l I\ l\IJI
l\l I\, 1930° . I\ (0) lI II ll.
75
J- §.
f\ f\f\ (HRA=91 ... 93) JJ (1000 ... 1200° ) , JIII JI . Ilii
f\ II MIICOJJ I\ II _ ( 332) II , f\ Mg20 , . I 2 .'I JJ 2 II , F I{aMpoI\ I\ . ll I\ , <:! ,JI. JI Ker JJ, MeTaJJJJapHII ll JJ all'Ia JJ. JJlIII ;.;.lI1 10 G . lI ii lO I\ lI YJJaplIH Il f\ W, , Ti, Ni (10% ) ll I\. lI I\ 0PI'iaJJII I· I< JIlI I<(]ii:l<1II, ii II.
2-§. I\ . I\
II lIl. , II f\ , .rJII
(f\ JJ JI II ) f\ , , f\.
1100°C lOf\ II1 TiC JJ, , IOf\ JJ Jl I\, 4 + SiC (!I JJ f\f\ 03l\ , 30000 ' ) .~lI. F , Mi, . I'i . f\ I\ (I\ ) . "I
76
l! I\ () . u~, ~ Y'IYH rI!I , Mi l\ .
, 3Il I\ I\lJJl JI.
I'iII I<Jl Jl MHTJlap 70% I2 30% Illl , (1300 - 1500)@C .
3- §. fI(
" ij IO 10% 80% '1 n31(JI\ JJ, Jl ifJl. JI ll IIIIIl, Jl I\ Jl taill-Jl. MacaJIaH, FJI Jl l(
l!II . Jl Il I'i llIIIII\JI i\ Il. II JlJl IIJl Y'IY" II wl! ii . Jl (;1\11 IlJl Jl (1 ... 2% Il) Illl iiJI.
I\II JJJI (I\JIIIII 80% ) ! (lI, MIIC l'iJl IJJ 11 III,JI 1, 1I0llllllII ) , III( Il l'i lI l'iI'iIl, IIJlIIlI, \I«IJI \01<<130 "IlII m <lJlIlU .
4- § I(I(
nl<Il\ I'i JJ KCII IIJlIIJlll . Jl TYPJlII Jl Jl ]] IlII I<QII ( JI<l JlII, IIf ii<lIIJl l\JlII), Jl W, , Wrl JlI Ag ClI I\ Jl]( I< JII Jl JlJl ([{ llO I<<!.'IIl :l<) TCMIIP 1\0- JI Jl,
77
I,\ Q), (II l +Ni I\, Al+Ni+Co, , Al+Si I,\), Il<J, l\ IJ II II (II );, %. Fe+25% 45% Ni . ) .
Ii- §. !l> ,
l llll iJllII.
lI l\ lI II .1JlIIl I{II l\JlII lllIIJII, t-Iaca .1ll, Cu+Fe+Al+Fe I'i . I\Jl . IIll IIii Il ll II II .1 ii:l- ll. .
6- §.
\(; .1IlII II ; I\opa , IIIJ l\<1jJJI,
JlJlO, MaTcplla.l ('l, , , , , Moil, l\ \I{) ll lIII.
II ll III!Jl 1'i)' 1aJI II lIl,\ ii<lllll i I! I'iJII-l. II lI 113- lI l\ i"!II II , Jlll JlallralI II, lIlI Jl
ll- IIII 31\030 . . . \.1 KOHCTPYI{ l'i T:JIIJla :
). nu/t - " I\il .ll1 !!!! II IIII !\ llII; ). /tu - IIJl ll.l-
78
- J-l Mex,HaTHfIHr I>; n). If7Uu - I\(/JI I> 't r , , }\ .;l . ...
'l,ep:JK' J\. IOI\. I:I
.lr 8 J\ ;.; Jl ;. I:: Jl Jf, .~t, I\l , , , I\Jl.
IOI\Op I1 1'1 l\ - lII Pl I\ ,. I,l\ . .
l\ , ( . ), 0I\YB'Iall (,) , (ort ), III ll (), IIII (Q') . -.l I,i'tll 60FJI - ' :
Cs=E/[2-(l-)]
IOI,\llll I, II6 II ( , % ;lIll) I,\I\ () , -)'JI~ II.'1II lIlIIl J!II JlUilII II.
l\aHIII\JIIIK (), Jl I\ l\ () _ ll1l !II,\ IIil IllII
(i: ) CYIOI\ 6ll I,\I\ If 6 Ill( -\ ; UII lI.
If, ,ll l\ callOaT ll lI II-, I,
.l" I111" I,\
" llllll COlll1, I,ll I\ II II , JII,
~'II l1 i\ TYTII" I,. II n 6, II " :l
Mexalll1K ll 1U0I, ~ II ll I\l, If !fIl J\aM lOl\. "II J\l1 i\II JlJl llll, II, I\".1
1<,l1 l 1I11
79
/{ . . lI 30.15II
, , Jl ll~'IIIl llII. Jl Jl II ll 1130- J< ,l,
ii JJ : :>IIIIli'l, , IIIJ 1\0Jl, lI, IlJlI! I\, J\ , , J\I\ ll, IIII;, , ll lI3J111
JlJl >; , «» (,lI<l II) , III , , 1\ 111\ lllliJ,
II I\, I\Il, m ll, , ll, , , ll IIIVl-18, - - 446-55 ll;J I'il .
ll IJ , 3111111 J\ " l II 11 iJ (, , JJ) lll'i 1'illmI\, II I\ IllllI 10-15 , Dl\ 8-10 J<ll II.
I<, «ll» ,11l IOII '() lI JJII ii I'i lll >;Jl" J'i.~'l;lJJ I\.
; lJll J( IJ lJlI
I\lJlJ1I i'lII (IJ) 'l >; >;Il .
J( " ll,l.ll. >; ll II IlIl, ll, iiJIlI ll J( , .
- 1).'IJl
, Il, II I\ >;, () ll IIII II, I~ I~ ){I () II, ll
81
~ ~aM ,: . - ' I\ I\ I\II, .
I,, I\ , I\,' I\ - . , I\ , I\ . ' () ; 8 () I\ , I,aII , I\ IIJI I\
~aM I\ , .
VII .
~
I\ I ~
III II ) . !, ~aM II , I\ XIX .
II ~ap . li (
), I\ I\OHY .I . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . , . I\ , .
)(. I\ lt I\, . I\ -
6-124 8)
t ~ i
~1 , ~1 ~ ~·I· ~ ... «;. tV \ 1
8atr;m ... I . V =- }
14- . II( II p~)J(IHmaplllll1 ;J.8 J III .. - 1J,JlI; - }'ll"'l;t;.
( Jl, 6JJJlaH .rJ J\) .~ TVTIIral1.
l\\.~, )i n l1, lI, .Il, ll!l I\rll~
(, ,. lI l\ ll) II!l !l, , ll Il II TOMOllra )' l\ II, -II - (!l IJIIll lll\ J\aM ) . !lI Jl ll , II ,, , 1l1l1I1I iill pOJlb ll.
}' II ~aM - F J\ (10- ) , IlII Jl Il ', ll J\ll.
" l\ ,\ Bal'iT \ U3I1. II ll \ . II ll 5', (/ (14- , ), u 5'·~ , 6 (14- , ) Jl u l·l1III.
1- §. Sl
. . I( .1J . ;
82
a~oca , ll I~ I\Jl. I\ i II JI ~'lll J\ . .
II ') :. 1. ; 2. -; 3. III<'
l~JI I\ ,II J\ap Jl , JJ l .
l1- JJ ') JJ JJ , ,)Q I~II l,,)II, ll, 10 "~ . JI , ,) '"\ II, II I, Y301\ 31, JJ I,.
!l ' II II .~, . ') J\ ') ll lI ') MexalIlIK ').'l" :,\. I~ «Il .• I JJ Il
Jl.Il·
2- §.
j , Jl, ll . JJ\-~~ I\') l)- II (14- ).. '
1. JUlU. ,)r l !{II , (I\) I\ . II .
.. l " Llll.1:
) u'.lUllft lu I(. ll llLlII JJ IJ l) . I\JJ. JJ ( ) (600-
113
7000) IOI,\Ii; IJ'l 1\li , , , I( acta-lII JlI1. OlJl I,\, llJl , Jl J\aM ll Jl;
) r!J /o),IUlarulU. i'I llJlI1 '\ Jl . Jllll1 , I\JI JI<lII «11 nllIIII " . XIIJI )'JI<l Mapl(aCl1ra - l! l1 GSE lflIl1 (-s I\,\ /' !,\l1, IOII J\ ll IIII ll R. Jl<il aeta-II l1ll l"I. (14- );
14- . - JI3P"1! .lII '1 3
l11< I!UIJ100 l\;(III1
.1 1, JI"l I1 .
1J(J()
" JOO
100 1« 4! 0:6 8/ ':2 "," J/t!iJ, r. }(,//cob//iJa
) 'IG /lllll. I,\yi'Ma lO.~ (Jl) 11'11([( JlfJl<l )"\,IIlLI Jl!! aBBaJl II IIIIII
Jl ,,\ ii. !! nYJlaT IOJl , lI,,\ !! ffYI,\Ta , l I< n IOJl ) I<I ,\ ll "" HYf,\Ta TCMllcpa· I\Jl, ~ , acta-f DJI. :Jll<l, -
84
], I) , ], , .
, ; ; ) ,ll, . I\ 1)0- l (I), ) I I\ l\ l . ]] () r l\ (200-3000) I\ , I I\, 10-15 - , .
I\ I\ Bal)T , , . I\ l\ I)
I ; ) '] .
II ll I\ l\ Il
. , l\ I\I\ (750-760
0
) I\, ], , . , , l\ I\ I), , I, I). , + li -
I ,;
) uJlIU tuutu. IlI l, I\lI.
I ll I, • ]] , I,; (30- : 50
0
) I\ I\, , l\ I\ ( 577- 650
0
) ll-, . II . ' 6 ~ I\ i, I I\ I) ,
.!-lI . ~ " .
85
IO- " 3-4 I\l\I\, -II !\ , I)I\ )' " I\ I\ . )' IO llII ~j Il I\.
2. . I\ (14- ) IIII I\ II I\lI. ;l j: II 1< I,\, D _ hi'lIIl .1Il
- l\ (30-500) IOI-; pa,:atta I\. aI\ 'l, ; . I-I ~i .1l. ( < 0,3%) , Il .l I\ I\, . " l,\ , .'l. ~' (=, 3+0,5%) .l IO - I'; I\lIl 1I0 IOIll S'pHHHII II. J1 ; Il, II J\ II ( Il) .
3. 6. J\ .l.l lO (.'lllll) ll, Jlllll 1-;11.1 \lll l'aH lIHr l<.I<; \IIIl, ll )' ll.'ll\.Illlllll lJlll l<; II. 5''l:lIIII GSK IIIIl\ (30-500) IOl\OpllpOl\ I\lI3, nal,T D (10- ). D'l ; ll , , " , I\ ii.
, 0,25% iiII,
II Il -
, I\r~ I\ . JI II lll',1i I, I\ I\ I, I:lJ lll t.l I . , , Il :. l, , I\ - r , I\
-.
l\ :.
4. tlUl. .~ If I JI<l i'I ,lII l1 IlII f JJ Mal\ca II. u ) (7270) I I\ l'i" -I\ III J1.
I'i~JI:, . I'i , l,II1 I\JI l'i , I, 3I'i, II, II (180-2200) F i\. " II , (300-4000) F II . "
II I1"11 l3 ll 'l JJ lJlill >\II I\. . JJ" :{ (500-
U
) , , )' ll ..
l'i Jl , l'i . .11{ l3 . , I{ .
87
3- §. " ,
1937 . . .
I\ I\I'i }_ I\ ''i II + 20 , t-t II IIII llll ''i
Il.
" ''i
'iII, II (() ,\ Il
. " 0,6% .~I1
-10.'71 ...... I: - . '-.......... . ''i ''i-
-2011 1 1· ---> I\ (15- /. 0.8 1.2 l6 [,% ~~ , ' , ). -
15- . MapTeI1CHT.l11 F (f6) (fe) ~ I1. II -
IIII
''i'I I\ " I! , ~ Il I1 " ~ II II ''iI\ , , lI I\ . l\ ''i II Il ,,\ '): (-780) .~ J\" .
4- §. !( ,
, I<, lI , · () II II
88
, I\ II, . 'l' J\ Il
.fI .
( I\) I\ , I' . I\, () fr I\ !l .
,
I\I\ II.
- II C:l . , II II I\!( I\. , , 50-70 / J\. I\I\ =2300+3200 F .
- ; II, [\ I\. , , 80-100 / ll J\ I\, I\I\ = 3300 .. .4200 .
150° I,; I\ ,\0- JI I\. " I , l\I\ I\ , =6000+6500 I I.
5- §. I\
I\ ,
I\n . I\ -
29
II . JlII (IIJl) .
IIII I, ii II !<,I1U · tePMIIK- JlOlJ ·
JI II.
I\. ,.. CallO,l l;J
IIIIJl 10% KaMpOI\ Jl Jlll JlII, Jlrllllll Jl JllI l\aHlIl\ ":J; .1lI I\ lI:I.111 (AI2Cll, AI2CuMg·MgSi I\) IIII. 13y '\111- :J l\ lllll1II :1II ai1:1 ,111 11111· ll, I,\II (IIIII1I) 31\!l)l lIIII t.1II nII ll
. Jl IOIIII . 1,0.1;J ~I
ll .Jl 10 1\0 ()I 1 nJIIJlIII< I\,
'l. JIII, JlII llllll . . :li'iI,.
l\yiiMa lIJl lI II· III lI l\ l <J X.0CJ1 III, <J II I\, Ill.'1II I\OlIllIM:lIll1l1r
n.rrIIII niillII. m. Gy lllII ;oJllIIIII I,\ " 'III aJlIO~II!HHii I'ilI:l I\lUlI 10/.1 111 <1111.11 ll, II:t I'iII~1 II<I'IJl<J lI I\:1llr" . .Jl Il<J Jl II TaJlallaiOl.
ii 11 1\0lllJl ~P 3110 II ;1111 (II II coml\ll) (450 ... 520") .1Fll l 4 ... 40 AaBOMIlAa <lIl;I . JlIII ll JllI '111_ <JJlII .
IIII II II3 (;1I\ ) I\ JI1II:
1. n IIII ;IlI1II· .1lI1II <1.
2. l\ l\ () ,1IIII KcpalC
90
) 1 ... 2 10 .
6 l\ I\ )'.\IIII ~ .1, 16 ( ) I<; 495 ... 505 I<; " IIIl I\ 200 300 = 23 ..• 25% .
I\. ll I\ lIll
II , -
)':lll . TIITall IIII ; -I\
llll II !~li ~1 )' II IOI\Opll ,JJ , a~~ I\ II II . III " Tl!Tall YI!IIHr - I\
)' (670 ... 8000), 3 l\J1 .
II I\. TeXHIIK IIIl COO)'I<; II )' (500 ...
U
) 1()Ill il . 1\0- lt ( ... 7000) 1 .1 ll.
III! \ . II 2 - , ,ll! i1llll ll )'
)'II 450 ... 5500 ll . I(, l!lI1I 700 ... 3000 ll - 1I1111 IIlI ll II. )'lI I<; 8 ... 14% S )'30:<; l<; l\, - II I<;lI . II 14% Sn , J\ 101\0- IIlf IO \ )' l )'I l\,~ I\ 700-7500 )' I<; II ll .
800 ... 900 - dll I
650." 8000 , ~ 1111 )'J\. J\
91
. 10-4-4 980" m 4000 IIJl. I\:l Y'IYII < :lil IIIl ll , J:: ~() jJ, 50
0
1,5 '" 2 II JJII lJ.
lJ IJ II =6()0 ... 55() l, "",4()() , ,;= 5% " .
TepMIIK .;JJl MYMI"'II ll lJ·· Up. ]() - 4 - ] - , Up. ]2 - 2, . 2 I\.~ JJi1 jJill.
6-§. R-
, l\ ml . Mal\ IJ >\ IILl ll - llJl JI IJIII
llJIll lIlI JI, I'iY]JlIJI\1i.JJlap II.
III JlJl, I\])JIJJ :iIJJIII ( IIJI FJIllJ\ <1]), 1<<JJllJJI, I(CCI\Il 'IJI ~I .I<) JJIIIIII II l\l:1IJ II 11 11 111 ) 11 , II 1\IJJIIIIlI l\ll ".:1 -]{ IIJJJJlII. IJIII"I ;)I\TIIB
J\II1111JI Il IIIlJlIlIIU, 1'1111 lllIll , JI l\aJIIIIJJIIIJ<r<J'I<J (l'i:I~ ) . III .II - J1<lJl J\IIJ\ ( .II ; N ), \:I<1 i"t 1'\ MOJIC]{YJla:lapIlIIIIIJl' <JJIJl<J Ili"!:!II:1II ]{ ]IlII <JTOMJJapra lI'lII, IIIlII
<J JI, 'IYI'iYP!JOI\ 1\<JJl.:I<JlJ YTII II .
.IJ ii-II]{ T1'P:I~lP"- " ll, , ll, ~llIl,
IOlliil1l !lJl ](Jl. IIlllii ]{ Jl JIII l'ii.;C1I)! I\ JIJI<J JI ;I"i31J III ll II.
II II ~f[l- lI (JlIIII) l"i l\IIII . , JIII II (0,1 - 0,3% ) CllpTI"i" 1"i<JTJlilMH llll l\rrlII\.'IIIlI
92
,. If I\ IO; f\; " . Jl II (IO) 1 Il, ii I\Jl. lOlIIl I, ~ l'i,'l J\ ll llJ' ..
t!.J l(,I JI J\ (lOmi- ) Jl Jl JJ. JI I\ () i1, I'i I\I\I\'l, Il III'illlu yra ; ll<l , II l'iyTHIIII IlIIl 'l lI 91 0- 9
U
f\lf 1' l1 . I\II [ ,'1 ( . ) 1\80 Jl 1{I1I1, I'iYTH J III\
)i 2 )'[HIa 1\ . ; Il lO () , 1\0- i, l::
2 =2-, CaT+Fel'o!. ... Fe 1 ()
II'i )' , ~ )iI. ~ MY1\HIla Il
91 0- 930
I'i lO
. 'll) Il JIIII III
IIl JI
I'i Il l"Il lf, I 1\rJ) l'i.
3. IO; J\li I IlII; l'i , -
1\3 (0,5 ) I\ ll. , 75-85% N , 10-15% NaCI 5 - 10% SiC II 820 - 850 'l 1<;l1mll ll Jl.
Jlr mJllIll lli'l- ll II l'i aJ , :
2N2+Si = N2SiO+N20+2+
93
, ll . aTOMJlap lII III'i l'i .
ll ~1 () 30 lll.I1I 2 :J lI Illl 0,5 IIlI,l<JlI l'i JI I\JlllJ
", <lIIII C!IPTI'iH l)II lIlI . Il' 0,1 - 0,4 % ra'la II II,I aTJl - 6111\ I'iJIll!.!../ .
ll, lI JliilllI Jl ( IIJII>3JII II3Jl) I CllpTI\1I l\aT JllI1I l'iI,\, I'iIlJllI JlII 03I1 6JlII l'iIlJIII ll JIIIIIII lll1 '1'II l'i IIIll. , , II. pCTOpTaJlapha (Jl) 500- " ll OJlll6 60IIJli1. III y'lyH lI1I 'I pCTopTaCllra ii,I6, l(ci\IIH Yllra JlII ll Jl Jll( aMMllaK 60JlII. II ~Illllill Jlllllll1ll (2NlI~2N+31-12) III.ITII Jl 6 ;:lI
ll. ii I, , Il<J JlII , Jl, IIII\<l Maiiila lI (IN, CrN) x,OCII:l . III \lIll CII))TI\II l'iJlII l'iI<J I\llII lllIJl
ll ll JOI'i (IIJII> 6 I-l= 1()00 -:-1200 ) 6. ll l'iaTJlaM l'iII lll , oal'illra, 6 , 3'III Jl ll l[J JlIlI'i .
II JlII JllllI ( JlIlII) ClIpTI<,1I l'iJlJlIII ll aI'i >laM , , Jl I"IIIlll II. (0,2 - 0,4) Jl 6Jlll III II I'JlJl 61 1'illJl. IIII y~IYII Jl Jl eTa~lI) I{II ac(jou .1apHlIIlf lll'i l,aTJlaMII l'iJllll ii II . 820 - 9500 l'i1, Jl, (:30 - 40%) Jl I (K4Fe (CN6), 10% (N2) I'iJIIl ll l II J1, M.lca , 6% NaNC, 80% BaCI2, 14% NaCI apil Jl, \ll (IIJl ) llII. 6Jl N ll,
94
IOJI. J\ ll;J. , l. JI . - 1<14, I) >\( J1 ;'l, ./ll IO.llrfl i< ,lfJ I\;J I'iJI .
7- §. I'IfI(
>\ lllf I'i IOJ\I\ TeMlilepaTypa l\, 8al,T TYj}l!ilatlaH , II )' mJlll I\
IJI n ll, ll JI311ll3 I )' lt JI. II, II3 IOI, I{ .rr lI.
/OIfOPU ..llu ....II ( ) )(I I, IOI\ I\II, 8al\T , 3 ; ;J1I I< (),' II i1I\ .
!llII ...!II 1Illltlt () )' I'i I,I\ ,\ll, ll!m. ll l< llll (400-5000) Ill li. !l ll II !, )' llll , ll ll ll JlII. J\aM, >\ (i.nllII .
. IIII ll I, . = 2200-3000 /2 ) , IIII , 5',I(3 II 3J/3I! lI J\ .
10. IIJ! 1050 ... 1100°C I\ll, 900-9500
95
25 .,. 30% ;1, ll . .
IO ll IIII ( .1, Jlll) IOI~Q . 1\1-
("1800 ... 2600 <J), J{(Q~=-8 ... 12%) IOI~ III~I\ llll -Il- ; I~ l'i. . .
1050 ... 11000 ll 450-5500 II 1"l <JJlII I~I~ll 1.,5 ... 2 , 6.:.8% .C<JI\ llll 0"11= 2800 ... 30000 <J .
lI J\ III'ill . ·IIl\llll ll. ll aycTelllllIU Jl l'l llII ll<J J\OCIIJI , IIII ll J\aM . I ll (), I\ Il.
~1 ll llll ,l flII I\, Illl ~
lI ll I'i]I . MacaJlall, llllll IIII ll I ll I>I II " = 2700- 3200 /-12 l'i. II <lll I, ll <lll ll <Jl I~lI]I Q II, ll l,]lJIJlIlIl I~ JI<l IIllII .
. ll llllll JllI ll, II I~ JIIIJl, II, Bal'iT J\aM, ll J\aM , IIIIII Il I\ ll II, IIII ll ll . , ll Jl ll lIll ll.
8- §. I\
, J\ap l'i , IIl I'i DlI, 06- Jl () J(VJl. lIII-
96
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II II: /. I- lI-. . . II YI\YB I\./.-1.: 'S'I\, 1989.-256 .
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30.473
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4309010000 - 344 ~\. • 353 (04) _ 88 144--4.!..::~~©«I\!l» , 1989.
ISBN 5-645-00047-1
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/I1<1:[.1 il I\r[[ S'[! (I\, n l\) [[ l! [[[II, ![, [[ n !! (!) . ii~;:[ ! !! i'[ () /ltaKPOllI-1U il. IJ n [\ I\ ii. I< !! I, I\ lJ J[! I\3Iii ii/[[[: F
23
II lIIIj I'i1il !i.1311:1IlII, l\ II I\,1II (.1 , i\:lII, II ll:lII, l I\), l\~!I II:l:lIIII IIPO I\I\lI II:I.lI :-'!, II lIII lIll.1IlII ~' .
ll, IIII I\ll Tal\clIM l\ , ll 5% !! J\ I;,f ( i\FO) l\lI, ll , ll , J\ i\, i\ I\opaM - . ll ll lI i\ Ol\ , , ll, i\F i\Ol\ J\ I\ ,.
i\IIIIIl 5' , !! ll.
IlI IlII Il , II II ll, ' llI , Il , I\,
, II II. J\ () I\ i\ II .
i'! .1.1 , ,1Il
J'i0CII,1 I\IIIl
I\ ( , ) 10-15 10-15 , .
, II l\
(N) 1-5 ~OO :! · , i\ i\ '() (4 · 7N) 100 ,.
24
.'! I\ <Jllll lI r\.l I\ll.
rrl! " lI r\r"r I\ , :
) II d (10-12 ) .lrrJrrr (0,7-0,8) h;
) F lF 1<J!! 1212 10 I\ :raH;lII.
llrrr I\ Myrra.'Iap II I\ rr.
" lI .1 ;,; lI l\r1.1 7- , , , !!.'I.
1 [rrOl\ -, -7 () r, ~I.l, ii, ;,; l\ - 8, - 8, - 3 () l! (8- ) l\I\ l\.
ll!r lI I\ .'1 <1 J!!!rr II I! ;.; If.
l .l ll:r<JII! J!!I I\I\
r\ !! ;,; aI\
1Or\opII (100000 .) .:lrr rrII. 1\0- ll!Jr rr, 5'l!rr 7000-25000 .'rrr!J 1\1I.1.
~G1"~ ) 6) ) )
7- p301. .10 lI ( 6) l!~Il!.1 I\ (8 ).
25
\6:11~"
8· . II · 7 1 - t.'-: l\II(,~flf; 11 - ll)" 1,11(,:\111; III - I(JlIl l'I1(,:'\fll. 1 - ;t!l('I,; 2 - i1; :l - Dl.-lf1: /! - DJlIIT; r) - JlYI\()JITli:l; (i - DJ.1nr: 7 - 1I0I .. :J:1I (:); 8 - III\<1.71 I\:lI:ra; U - ,IiIIl.II I, ;lI tl; 1 - <':'\'' 7'.II; 11 - 'l'yGy('; 12 - :1r; 13·- T)'liyc; t4 - I\1I1)~IJlIII\ BIIHT; 15 - n;\; 16 - >\1:; 17 - ::n; 18 - ; 10 - ; 20 - Dl.':l; 21 - I\il\)"; 22 - .\I1II1:Ja:Inp; 23- UI'<1I',\; 21. - ; 25 - DlIIlT; 26 - DI.
Jl Jl pelIrrelI lIII · I\ l\IIII II JlII
, 13Ll l\II.
II peHrreII .'l · r Il l\ II II · .
l\, II lI II l\ IIl\ (lI I\ , l\, I\) Jliabl IIl\.
I! II III\II alIlII\ Jl !J l\ ; I\IIIII\.
26
II JOl\ IIII . IIII n HYI\COH (JlIl ) , (iy III,II ca:I<l!1IIra KaH<l . II II.'l II ;, ,
-J II I, . lll, III! I\
(rr, , l\) <l <lIIllI! l\ r .
I-I<l , ; I\,
IIlIlI ; ; 10-1000 .
II () IIIII\ I\; I, , - S' I, I,.
l\ I,l! , J\ .1 II , II )"J1II, ; II Il )' .
111
1- §. ; 3
I\ Il I, ; )II I\ J\ ; ~l . I\IIII .'Iap I, I\ . l\II l\. II I<; I<; l\ " . .
27
. J<;aM I\ , I\,
J\ .
I\ lI , I\ Il J\ IO/~ ,
I\ I\ .
1. . . J/
, :l J<; . - .1 IO F, . ii 1<;0- J/III :1/I .1
. /l J\aM .1I/ . MeXaH/lK I<;lI /lII /l - 15% I\ /'i /\. ./l- , ll I\ .
2. !\I\ . ./l I\ I\ , I\/'i
, / Il . I\ 3/1 , '
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.aTT~ n .
, I\ ,?
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Il , , ! , Zn, Sn I\ Il lIlfll /l /l/l l\I\ /~. lIlI , , Fe , Fe /l N, Fe .'1 , Fe , Fe /~ -/l-
28
·!J l), l\I\ J\ I\.
3. ; . .. I\ J\ I,. ; II .'lapIIIIIIr I\ I\. II ;,; I\ I) II .', gS, Mg2Pb, gi2 , MgSi, MgS, F, NBCl, CaCI 2, uZ, ttZ, uZ Ul .
2- §. I(
JIII I<JIJIIl I, I:III II UII:III JI '':-lI . . I'i l,\l I\ilII I, I,IIlII II JI J\ II ,'III I<; I)JI I, r"r,1il. JI ~'II, -II J1ll . . , I<; l I\I'i , l< .1. rII .JI II (I<;). I'i },t/l i'I. I, IIIJIII"I II .
CHCTe~la ii )'JI I\ (, ) lI II J\ ."
Il I\II 1873-1878 ( . . I) \ I30 IIII I) :I !. ,1I I'i : 1"'- '- I
I = : + n - ; (I)
! 29
: - , : - , n - ],\ , - J\ . :, n - , FI<; .
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= : + 1- . (2)
, Il II ,JIJI I<;
.
:= 1, = 1 , 2- = 1 . I\. II , lI ( ) I<; I, XO:IOC. .
:=1 =2 2-II = ]. , J\o .J . I<; ~ .
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, .
3- §. I\ .
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. J\ J\aM , ( ) ],\311-
u .
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J\ I\ I\
I! J\ ~ .
J\ I\ l, - Sb l\ Bi - Cd, Sn - Zn l\ " .
I\ J\ ", l\I\ J\ J\aM - ll I\ J\ ~
. J\ l, J\ Jl Jl .
J\ J\ ~l () .
J\ J\ I\ ll - Ni ll l\ Bi - Sb, Au - Pt, All- Ag, Au - , Fe - , Fc - Ni, Fc - , Fc - V l\ .
llll I\arrlll\ J\ Jl \ll l,ll, - ll ll I\ll ll -ll ll, - J\ I\ .'lll I,, Il Il J\ l\I\ Il (I\ ) 1,ll ', . ,\u .rIJII J\ , J\ . Il " Il. , I\ " · )' Il.
I\"IllI 1\0IJ J\
J\~l , l\aTTHI\ Jl 1\0lI Il () ll Il . IllYllra I\ll I\ , FIl-F J\
31
1. . l{ JI !) )\0-
, I\!) J\ - , )\ I\, 9-, . , Cu-Ni, Au-Ag, -, Fe-Ni, Fe-CI! I\ J\ . , 1- !) , 2- ;!) 1- () +I\ , 3- ;-;. I\!)
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32
m J\II ~ <lJ
JlJli J\ [l IJ JJ _
lJ , I, .1 1<I , I, IlI 9- , , , , II , l'iI\ II I\ I\ lJ (I\I\) [lJl [lJl. 3/([lAeMIlKJJap . . KYPllal\on . . liJ/ ll J90G ir II I\Jl Jl UI. II.'l.
I
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(2,14% ) ;I J<l'1J ~ I\ll i\ .
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llIl II .
Fe - ll l)ll .1 fl lli\ ll.
- (Fe - ) . , ll3llJJJJ Ull YJlyr
3-124 33
IIII . . I\ I\. . . l)IIIIIIIII ll I\IItlJI <1~ 1\0311 <lJlIIIIIJIII <1II11IIII u I~JI.
1- §. -
I\lI llJlUII IlIlUJI.
(I'c) u ,U u, II I\ JJJl ,Jl Jl. T('~IIIP 0'1 I\ ,llI , Jl"( =7,86 / 3 • 'IIIII{ Il 1\ 0,1 ... 0,15% JIII I'iIIJlUJl , , IIJl<lII YIl'la 101'i0 (=75 ... 90'''8=250 ... :150 ,lJ,2= 120 '" 150 ,\\), JleKIIH '1'111\.11111'11 ( " =40 ... 50%, ~, =80 ... 85%) 101\0- llll.
Tt'~IIIPIIJIII , Il I\ , 311111111 33JIIIll I'I , II ll l'iall '1<1.1111\\ Jl, IIII JlII\\II lI, IIII MYCTU\KaMJlJlII IIII . TeXlIlIK Il 1539° iII, III I'iJlII.
MeTaJIJIMaC ll Jlll, IIJlJl '( ~- 2,5 /~I:\, ll TeMllepaTypaclI 3500'·. IIII 1\0- llll .ll 8 ll 1\ II II. Jl TClIP l'iII CiS-"'J<1II.
Te~lIIplIll ll ll \II CiJJJl,lIJ IIIIIli'i llll (~eMeIlTIIT) II l\aTiIl\ llJJ ui'illII.
- 6 IlII 6,67% \ I'iJ1- XHMHHBHii ll 5'll, llll Il
CiIIII F Il. ll .'111 KplICTa.'l.'l lIll , II II 1600", l,aHIII,.llIIrlI ll=800 , i\II u )'ll, 210"C u ml ll·
~llllIll UI\II Il ll.l llIlll 6l)JJlI\a IL1JJ MS'pTJJIIKKa 5'::1II IJJIIJl IlII ~Ia:lap \Ol'II.'1 1\1I.'1II1l111 IIII\II, lIlI ,ll1
aMa.'llIiJ a\a~III!IJI il)'l\, IIIIII )' Fe-C lllII1II 5·Jll.lI1ll 5'
M:lC.J,alJ, IJIJIJ I\HCMII 6S'.'Ir:1Jl l'e-F Allarpa~IMa-
3-1
::. 1100 ~!-I -+--+--+----1--+--1 "" ~I : {f ~ t-+-+--+-t---+-i ::. " I~ UprllWU 'I'fmum. .. ~ 1 ~ • ml!umu l!ill'5m ~ ~ 1'" ~ i 1 ~ 1----4--+--+---+--1
..... ~ "" 1.. 127 Jr ~ 100 ~I~ ~ ,/(/(/(1'fqu l'l'mn+ @1 "'" uqu l'mm+
"vm+/ll'vmu ~:"" .vmu !lum 600 I/l'ill'tJ :;pvm !:I t--
t 500 1 J ___ Ll ~LI ~_----L---L_ 22,11,. J • "~,] s 5 6,61
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10 20 JO ~O SO 50 10 60 90 100 Fl!IC, % --
10- I . .'\:'<l ;ll1<11·pu~I~lacl1.
lllf I'i!IJ1II1I3!\H (10- ). II I'iiiII 6;\ II:l.
IIIIII II I< :IIJlllI, III lIII YI\II 65'i'IlI ( ) YI\I1 6II () I % ; lI:l I\)iJIII. II ' - I- J\ pa~1~1aCII I'iIl IIJIII I'iII. Il I<I-I I', AECF II. IIII Il- I"Il, IIr I" I'i0TIIIIl'.1aIIIIIIF II IIYI\Ta IIII, II II I",
I\lI IIlI III\- 1II1IIr II 5'II. 6II, !J F II:lII II III u ; I", , ;I\ (JI) ,, I'iaT JI , JI.
IIJIIII I'i !'iII.II aycTE'IIIIT II IIa 60ilII \ IIi ,!
35
"r . Il ') I'iII \l JJ , Cf IlJJ .l.l JJII . I\ 1'i0TIIlIHlaJtall lI:l 6up_!aJ,!I(U IleMellTIIT aTa:lalIlI, I ll. I1I'i (1147°C Te~l I1), 4,3 % l\o.lrallll (100 % I" IIIIC ll) ll I'i I\II~lll lI ( ) Il:lll .l, _.1IlIl .1. eraHa ( 1147°C ) aYCTeHIIT I< l\,o.lrall ')'I\ I\, Cf III<lIIII II I<<I:l JJ ll11 I\ll C~'IOI\ 1,.JJ<1I1I11I HYI'iTa - Il , II I<I( 6Il6 I\.l<1Il E<;:F IlII r (1147°C) .1 1l1:1<16, lII :lIII1I1 II:! . II:! II (l/{ lL !luut (n/{) 'IIIIlU <1.1 .
AESGA JJI\ 'I! lI.lll Il, GS IIl ll lll'i .1ii:II 6 IIIII\ll <1, IIII .'l( ~IIII\ / ll PS IIlIl"lI eTralllIa (~!II 270 l) llI .1 ~IIII S I'i ll (0,8%) .1 I'i:1Il. , ll aycTcllllT ll'i . GS ll PS lII' Jl' ll D:>i II lI, ~laca.1all, 111'1\ ll I'iII l'ill II l I\IIi\ ~l. IIIIII II)'I'i ll ll \"I\lIra <1J1 '1 111\ )"I(<1311- II 6 ')IIII GS 'IIIIIlI IlJJ<111 I( IIYI'i ( lI')) I(lll:ll YI\lIra II '111-
3111\ . IIIIIII I<lllJ1 )'')11 IIYI\TaCH aYCTelllIIIIIIIr II I1I\IIII Jlll.
') )"ll, Te~llIepaTypa i'Jll lll ',- ll ,
III\
ES f Jl I\UII, rllll I\I\ Il/{Kll,JaJlt'IU (UII) . , 111'i . ES F SK IIf ll J\ ll , :!ll, (1 III\ aYC'Tellll
(j 1\11<1 l\ll.1IIII [l1l1ll'.:!111 ~IYM-
36
KfII!. f1 () I,\ ll!f l) (' 'II!!II\ )' 1I\i:I3I1JI;li\11 I\ [S '1 "311 f"l1 UIIJlall, l\IIUl IIYI,\TaCII () ll l) 1'111\ III Illl. 3l\ I\ l) 6II I<; (10- l,\apOlIr). , ES F (SK F) I,\lI ll, 3F llII I, CF IIll GII lI 60.
GPQ I1 II I<;I) "ll, II ll . "I u )'II.'llIl\, i'I
11 :l lIII , , 7270 11 Te~1pa lIll lI I I) IIII PQ 'IIIIIII 6ji6 '11 1I'i 11, IIll IIII l) MallllU U. I)I)ll ll Y'I./a'\l'lIl JjeMeHTIIT ('" 6 . 06II, PQ II]IIIl OC'IIO I'ilI II 6" ", 1160' /,:IT 65':I:II. S IIYI'iTaAo (727" aycTelIlIT (l(1I6I1,1 0,8 % :l U)"'~r;lII I'ilI) llII 611,,011 II ll 60 II :lleXallHK ()
1I,'.10110 606, TeMlIepoTypallllll 5' 60Ta\IO,\1 :lll1l6 6)':l, II IlIIl J\aMMaCII .'IIITO i·I:l. l\, S III,\ lI IIlII 1'i0TIIllBla "I'i lI.lllIll 60II.
PSK '1lI311~1I (7270 :l<l) J\;lI I(<lII<JlI aYCTeHIITHlIlI TapKII6H S "YI\TaAar" ,\611, II 0,8% 611.1ll, l'ill (99,2% ) Te:llllp,'UIII 1160<l 66 l'io:I ll 60.l6, TeMnepaTypallllllr )'II 6 HIIG 65'II. PSK '11I311rH u [;lIl (Il) 3I1 .,II. ll6, (1113111)' .l .l, l'i 60I'i .1;J II;JafI PSK Il3F ll i'lJJ. lll1 , PS .1 I'ilI:l JJ"JJ.1II JJ ·
~JJ, PSK '111311rllllllllr ES OCTJJAorH I\III 1\0' JJ:l III\I\JJ;l' II, ' JIII
.'1'6II'-III, III'ill JJll 'l~ PSK
37
IJIlF I\ I\ .1 . lI, PSK 'IIIIII lI J,\IICMIlAall J"JJ<l.'l (jIlP:H1M'11I lL('\Il'IITIIT (jllll l'lI.ll1 JIUlIll II(jopaT (jII.
)(- II6 l{\II, I,\ll 6ai'11 ·:JII.1- Jl fc-f )( II IIJllll Il 6Jl. I\ll.'.1.l 13I1- ll (jI,\il1I Il )'lllll )(.
.. 10- ll III\ll 3Jl I,\ I'iII JlJl, II I,\" :l:lI\.lI1. I,\ lI:1 I,\ (jll 0,8% r<l'la 6y.'I , u uu fj , I'ilI 0,8 % , ll I1U_JaT , I\OlIIII\1 JJll 0,8% 2,14% ra'la 6\':IaHC! u)- tluu aTa:laAIl. .
ll , :!II 1'i0TlIlllMa llll<l .1- 2,14% 4,30% )', /uJall O_J uu 'I, I,\lI [16 4,30% JI:1, IJ 'lfj II\ l\olIIllMa [1lll<l 4,3 ,7% ra1la 5'Jl, IJ//ll() KcrlllHcU Ilfj.Ul l'iJl 1'i1l:1I1HrClH.
II;JII '1I111\3[111. I'e-F \O:I<IT AIl;JrpaM\lilClli\<I )'Il,1I1 JlJJII IIl' :J1lII (jJJ ll lIlIIll l\ IIl.
II () - lllllI (1. l'iI II. JJ l'iIIJ'i ll :\ Il Jl\I J'i1lJ1)l.
',\OlIIIJ\131J1111I' 115'llllJlII blYl' >\ II = (250-300) 1, llllii {j = (40-50%). ii I\I\IIII (1.",= = (250-300) , I\<lI\II R II=-1000 )(. IIJI II.l II l\ .
() ('1I IIII l' II , 1147°C II 2,14% D . , (' lI 727
0
( S I,\) I\ 0,765% . I\ )( ilG ll ll ll IOI\0 ().
llIJ 1\I1II
. IIII
38
f\ll = ]500-2000 : 11 40-50% r<I II.
() - JIlIllI lIll Ji.0CIIJI 1\ 11<'1 <111 llllJllii ll, I\ lI, llII (Fc:IC) ll, <1lI 6,67% " ~I lIJI ll . Ii,lI <1 l\aTTIII\ =8000- 1, ,lII" )' ( 15=0) .
II , I'i ' l , <lIl <lllll, IIII () ll III\[1<l <l<1 <l[ <1. [1 .'I<lp =7000-8500, 3'i 30 <1 <l II.
()- lIIIII - IIII IIllIlI lI<11I IIII lI
lI lIlI Ji. lI II Ji.a~1 . 0,8% SiII. I\lIII "II III lI I'il III'i. llJlI, ~"iill l'i1/I1III !-! = ]800-2200 'I .'I.
() - III ll ~lIIIIIIII ~I Il.~"ll II lI G, IIII lI .
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2- §. (/( )
lllf " Ji.<J ~I I\ CTPYKTyp<l,lap "lI ~lIl-.l(,::( liOTIIIII\I:J,l<llmllIIIII' l ,1apII;\<JII \IICou.lalI'JiIII. (<l) I)(HIIIII' ' \ll'lI IlII, lIII TC~I
"" []170 6JI<IlI IIllill 2,]4% )'I'.'I('I)O}\ ~lIJ~';( ~"ilII.
J':)"I)('II:I;:II TC\IIIC'Pi1Typil D:.Ji'I:.J1I C<JP" IllIlI
39
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ll CTpYKTypacllllllllr lI;lllllllJll acocall I,() llllllll l!! 7270 ilall (KpIIIIK 1I)'I'iTa «A 1» ) Il 6}':lII, !! 6 \0- .l lI!!!! aYCTe!!IIllllllr II ll, )'lIra .1IfI3Il ~laJ\CY.10T.lap (KO~IIIOIICIIT.lap) IIIIIII' lll1 ,: lll I\ II.
>\ll iiII M)'MI\IIIIKII, aYCTClIlITllllllr .1II .111 I'ilIII \<J <JI\
ll I3 . 111<Jii 1\11.1116, II!! .1<J!!II ,!! rililll, II ~lr
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1I1111111 l'i II. r,IlIllI acocllii I\IlIIIIII aYCTcIIIIllllllr ,Onll
II:lI <JiiII >\II 5',l<1 IIrlI1\ ii:lII <1II, II IIII 'l.lIIII (S',I ) llJlll <1.lII,
aYCTclIlIT >\JI l'iIlIlII;Jll IIS'.'laTIIII 1'1)11- lIK "Yi'iTa (111) <111 1I<1l" T('~lllcpaTypariJlla llll · IIl), Kciillll' ll, )'111.1<16 , \JI aycclIlllIlIIlf -IIJIII apa:lalll~lara i'1:lil 1I1Il1ll1 "I, I3al\TAall II ll 5·:I,. ;'\l<J l (0II ) aycTelllllllIllf ii aii:la IIII 11- , r:l II,l. :I ,lII 1 II III'ill r <1l1 <1YCTClI ~labllYM ll I3<JI'i ll >\ l\Il 6 - KeOlara TClIf , ,ll ilciill.lail!!.
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40
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S"JIJI 5i IIJI6 l\IIJI JIJI J([II, MapTellJIII JI 6J[[lIlII_
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<: 0,25% S" , Ka~1 , :::::: 0,25 ... 0,60% , , > 0,6% [\
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ll )'.l 1050-74 ll ;;- 11116, .l [\i'r 6.l[[ [il[![<I [(,'l[[(j)!(<lI llII:
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llii ll.111 :l:11I S':l:I<l 3-71 uii , <l.lll 3 Il }' :
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UI. ; Il :II 11)":laT:I<lp S"] llOll I\S'P
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- - , 1, 2, 3, 4, 1' 5, ..: ; - , l) 1, 2, :\, 4, 5,
6; - 1, 2, 3, I 4, I 5,
6. 1...,..4 lII \ rpyllll<]:larII IIY:I<lT ~!<1I)(\a:la
" <] 1\3jJ l'ii"lIIili"1Il<1, ! ;,IIII ; 5 6 .1II IIII'I II I\YP" l/ .
II IIII<1II )'.l l\.'l~,II.,II 1...,..5 I II :lII, .l II iliIII·.,
I\ . l\ II .l ,lllJ1II «»
I\l\ ; «h» ()'), II G l\ ;J IIlI IIIIIJIIii l.1 II Fl'i \0.1:1,1 UIapT.1II II:l II.1II. II: , (' 1, . 2. .l .1ll:l <1 \' l\If , JI JI1'.'IIII I'i<Jllii (JII'i IlJlIIIIII) ( II .
\
4~
lI :
1. I~ JlJ.~· JlallMaraH (7, 9, I5 J\) I\ ·
;; ;;;,::" (9, 9, 95 l\) · ;f)~ II. 1"1 l\II II " I'-I, I21 I\) IIl\ · II'IIII (328, 482, 5, 454 I\); () (4, :, 6 1 I'i) . ·
~. .~aM I\ ·
06llll, (600 ... 500 ) .-\ 5' l\lI" i1I'iiiII. llll · .lII II rII ',llll II IIl1 3-4 I~
~II .
II ll II! l\ll · JlI1 12, 18, 65, 3
\01\;130 Jl" 1\Jl).(. I(· II ~ll «II»- JlIII( I(III, 1\ll l\ellllHrlI l'i ii Jl - IJl!>· II III (% 1\), .Jl l'i I'i .lIIII . IIlII JIii.
.l I'i" - , ,~, l\ 1( !iIIII. 95, 9\0, 1852 I\; JI, III\ 1;~i1ll l'iII . ~ Jl .
6· § I(I(
" 4543-71 l. JlII ~· Jl JlJl . ll · Jl Jl IIll I\ J\ ; Jl: II (15X, 15, 20, 38 I\);
45
,Il (l5, 20, 45, 52 I,\<l); , Il (18, 20, , 25, ll 1 ;); , (, 8, 40); .
JIJI /10<II-ll<lII;LIIii:III 1
(l5XM, , , N1 <l Il;, "" IIIlJIll (142I-I, 20Xl_ \ I,\<1). 'v
~JI ii <lI<~}Il <l<1"\( I\ IIIIII: II.'I, 1(0- - , IOI,\0P" II - \'1- II. \ (, ) )': II[I l,\yiiIIMIILII :1 11/ \<JII l-;iiII:I <JII OXIIp"ila . II: IIIl - ::, IOl\ Il - .10, 101'i0P" IlII - .10 , - \l(.
II,\ I\<l[ 115':1<11':1:1/1 IIIII:!On [1I1Ui" <J3l1 \ Il-IlII.'L:111 I\ 1\lI. \
II l\yiillj\all'la s-, l'i 11:1 [I/L 11. \,J;LIl lllllIII III( pal\aM Jl1' IIII yr.1epO:LIIIIlir II llIIIII IIlIIII, \:l[1 : -. - , - lIii, - ll, - naIIa , - , - MapraIICI!, II - 11 11 m" - IIU Il, - jJl II, \II " fII l\ I<IIIl II I1 I\ l l Il :IIlIlIIII,
\ l\ 5', lI.111 I,\" 1,5% III \.
JI ll IOl\oplI GJl (\ , , lIllI, l\) I\ll II . fI JIIII " Jl I\ - ll S"II
Il. " I\ u /IO l1,/.7
977-75 i'IIJlII. "JI,1fU1 .1 fI 15, 20, JI, 5JI, 45, , 201 JI, 45JI, 5JI, , 20 I,\ .
<l \3 IlII III\"II l\II '1'('
IIJl Jl IIIIIIl
4G
..'1,11. .1 l'iII I'i :laT:lap 0,01 0,1 % , JlII UII.'II u I 0,008 0,01 % , 0,004 0,006% , Jl 0,01 0,014% - ,Jlu.;!.
JllllllI II ( ) lI iill ( 1) IIlIll II ( ) ll lI [IllII.
v _ I\
I-§.
Ta:I:I:ljJlIll1lf :lll \II.'1 1\IIJIIll1ll l'iIIJ
:lap""I'" :1\JMIIHTll l,ll. lll IIIIII ~laTCI)lla:l:lap :\a:lI\ :\~··<I.1I1IIllIIIl JI \.'l", Maea:l<Ill, aI3l\ll calloaTII, l\JIII, JlI<\JO-
1IIIl(a, jJa:lHOTC:\lllll\a \l\ I'iJl ll
Il:I <lII.1 .
.111 MCTa:l:lap"lIllf I JlJlII .1llll, , :ll, :;, ll, II,III, II, lli'l, :IlII
IIHli, "SI'lllI l\a.'lali, :\PO~I, , llii, 1<0- :Il>, ~1O:llI:.lII, I1lIOllii, llIIll, ll I\i1- .'lll.
':lj UI, .1IOlllI '" ll :ll'i II pallr:11I MCTa:I.1ap: II, I\ll1I, 03 -; :\ II.l lll:l . ! ll II <l"1I MeTa:l:lap: , , llllllii, D:Il,\l, l\i'1 I\ KeJl . \I\I)'IIII II . .1 lJOll Jl llllJll1l1 llll IIJlll l1 . . I1I1I1 I1 l1 11.111 1I11I llllI II .10II IIII]l,ll-II
·'.1 Il. ll - MOI,lT I«):;I1:1:l" '.1 llOllII:'l,:lII lll1 l\ i'1
. ilj1.1:1.:lllll (j II:lll, Gm llllII"
51
f\ )'nll l\ l1l\J ;.,; l'iyplIJla .lllj,
calloaT llll pallrJlII ~lJl l II llllll JlII ;(II I\ . . III'iIIII;t llii U);IIU, .'III IJJ/ ~,!~'~Jl.'1 "IIII " 6S" "i.;:~ II /01'i0P" 5PIIII ll lI1I 3J1J16 6.
2- §. .
. . N\ll II Cllce~laCIIIIlIlIr 1 ll 6 IIII5JII .l\lIl. 6 11O~leplI 2~, l1.lI1 G, 546. ;JUII III< II II (65 II 69, 1%) II (30,%) .1;)11 ,,(). \'IIlii ll IIll 61 II ( II :;J.1Ii )/\11- \" \ ~IY\"~1 \lIc06:laIl3.111.
IIIICOIlIl5JTra "" .1 pallr.111 ~ICT3,l' ll ll 5'Il6, /lI f\llJl" IIII.1I1 )/\ IIlI lI1I llll \3II/3 ll. 1976 .'III ll 1\)':111 111\111111.'(;1 il\oii:13IlI' " f\II'i ll IIII 200 f{ m'iHII ~IIIC . \ ~IIIe l\II f\ml ", ll II lllIlIlI Jl ~Iiill l'iIlI\.
. 611 \.l:1. ,,1 ii , "II ll II 6:III lI:
1. , IIII I<Il , S 611ll Il \ ll.'I;
2. , llIIII llll;t ~IIIC .
;.,; , ll II
Jlll I1 ( I 99,9%) \5J Ka~I II " \ :IIIIIIIIIII 5% 1\lI.
() II )I1 T;Jp f\ll , ;";Il 80% f\IIIII1I1 f\. II )' T;Jpf\a.lra ( ) CLIfCSz, I CU2S, u FS IIII
C"S . i\\IIC ll/l ;/l IIIIII I% II
52
511\1111111111 WII I\lI, f)YII"lff JlJJ JlIl CIICO",,'CII ( 2 ), ll 20, llII (II) II, Il 2II () 2 Ul\ II, ll IIllllll !I I\" 1-2% ll "60 , 0,5% JI , % " II "",,':' ~"lIaII, l I F , Jl , uiilllI, II u lI ", III\, ., ,
6", l(.'ll>llj'1 IIJI llJJJl ll, JCI\1I11 II:I i'l l'i Jlll JI :lIJlI 1/11 l\lllII Jl !'i
"n''''lap" lI () . II_I U)'_'III I,
IIIII\lI II I\ :lIl )!\oj'I_'Iap (';]1I lllli'1 , ;, 3l< "<111>, III, III\lIII ,
M<1Ca:I<lII, I\lI .llI\ I'II l\a3110 llll II :, .1 II, Il, , , -
5
·7
12- r"C\!. ,""ll (ioi"lllTIIIII Y'IYII 1III1,l;1TII.1a:llll·;111 ,l()"1(I1IJ11 r.,r:1IJI",,(lI!JIIII' CX('~la('lI.
1 - 'rl\lI\ll 1\lI:lJll1 TYU; 2 - fiYlllif'P; :J - H9rJlII\; 4 - I\l~ u Y-I)'1I 'l't'llii; 5 - II 'J'J.)}"Gu; (i - ut1I mIIHC:18jJHII \tt.u 'l't:I; i - Gl't;JJ ii.:lJJ; /j - ... .
53
, , , - . .
~ Jl. MIIC ;\i1!\[J 11 11 11 YHlllIr ,II)I(IJ(jllII KcpaKCll1 II (I\ll) ll, MIIC 1<lll II J\u I'i " II .1. ." , " .lO,II11 <lllll.1II . III II .'l II:IO OI iillII (~ }II ,5-,5 I l'i Il :U ). l ~IOIOII I\ , lI ~I!l .1!"·' \II S"JlIII, \ Cl1 2S l'ill ,IIILIJ I\Y:laii I1( lI .
.1lI (j311 l101I llll (12- paC~I) (m.1lI TS··.'1;\l1- p"JIa 11 (2) . ;\\<1 [lJllll<lra Tpy(ja (8) lI II 1\ Il3,1,1!, \l ':lca ('" (1) l\ YTII(j lJal1l1<Jfa UIl. .,
I-I, Il .)'ll 1I GS"Jla .li1 pll:- \ Il YJI;lpl1l1 l1 l<JllIII l1 I\ (} lll lI '1111\<1,'1,11, lI (4) 0l\lI I\llIl lIlI l'iypIllI:la . I-I, 15-20% ; ll JI l1 1\ ;.
. IIII lI 1\ll ll Il (7) 5'Il, ' Il (6) 1'i!\ lll'i II.1ll ;] \0-
.
. ..II!\ 31\. 80% ra'la . lI II iI illl lll1l1 ll!\ ll, I\ llII ~II1C llllll ( 11011 iiIl ll) II l\ JlllII. 20% l\\II1 Il :lll ii ll l ll <lIl,,\3 ~ l\ Il ll )"IlIlIU llll.
[V\ calloaT ll llll I ll . ll " TYPJlli I<llll
(llIl, , Jl ll-
54
[J~~-f -'1 r~"-~'i"~-
13, . ~lII ll II n 11111' ;lll II .
. lI Gl\) lII. GJlll Jl ll II I\ (13- ).
55
lll\lI, MIIC II nrIl . Il Il Il , Il Il lllllI1I , I\ i'11I (CLI2S FeS r) . 20-50% , 2()-40% Fe, 22-25% S, I\ LI, Ag, , Zn I\ 8% I\"II . I-I, J\ I\llll I\ II 2.3-4 , 4,3-10 KOIIBepTOp (ll .1 10() ll I\ ) (10-12 II 5', II ), . ll l\iiJt IIllRii D , Io; fIll I ()-12() J\aBO IO II <\ll, FeS+ 1 ,50>- FeO+S02 ll TeMllp ()r. I\ , lI::
2f+SiO .. F2Si04
ml, J\ lIII I<Jl I\ II I\llllIl
II :MeMeIIT.lap .
; \.l
(CLI2S) - 01\ (l 80% CII) J\JI II, I\opa !mIIIl ll , l:: ClI2S+ 1 ,50T-*CLI 20 + S02 20 (ClI2S) II 01\ ii ll, \ ;,
:
2CLI20+CLI2S->-6CLI+S02
I"' S Fe " (1250- 1350°) l\JJ II \.
l\ l\ \ )' XO~la· Il ll
, l\
" l\ ILI !ll .
56
)\ " (99,99% I\) JII .
- I\
, , ! l\ I\>\. >\. - ll ll. I\; 6 . )\ l\ Jl 25% f\I lll l\Jl .
II - ( ii I~ 6) ll Jl. l-I - \JIIII (200 f\), ll I\ .
ll f\ 0,6-0,7 II ):'Jl, L' f\ () l\ I\ lll1 ll I\ .
( l\ ) iII l~ l\ I, ~ f\, . Jl
50-55 0
F . '" (, Jl, f\) Jl (f\ ). f\ (, , , ) f\f\ ~~ F . - llf\ I\>\. . , <l ~aTTO >\. - f\ >\. . .
>\. Jl MIII\AOpH ll llII 0,2-0,5 - 1'HIIH l I\.
57
5' 1 2 100-200 , JIII 0,3-0,35 .
J( JI naI'iTH 20-30 I<I JI I'i:I. <l ~<lP 7-15 <lII JI":I, 1 JIII JIII " 700-1100 JI II Jl.
I\ Jl IOII:IIl , Jl II
" I\, , II ~ap I'iII (, 4 l ) " I'i l;II.
AIIa I\" " - IIII (% :-';II) I'iyiiIlJIarlI 5- .
I\ ! : " II II II.
MIIC II II(jopaT I\II~IJl . J(ii JI (I'i ) II \I IIIIJ(lI. II .~3TY" I\" 48-50% II.
15527-70 MIIC-Jl" ".1"IIII () - 96, 90, 85, 80, 70. 68, 62. II o ", l'i IIII II, I\ I\ II IIlII . () II I\II,l, III I\ ~lII (II CII ) I\ , :-';.'l IIII .lII ~ JI I\3.1J . , 74- 3, 70- 1, 59-3-2, 58-2 ~. II paI\aM , II II JI % ~ IIIII '<}' .
"II II IIII II ~ II ; I\-, -, I\-, II , -, -, I<IIll-, - ~. II, II I\ 58-2 () IIII, 58 , IIIII, 2 J<lII .- II , I'i (II 100% S:mIIIIII -
58
I \ ; ,
00 3
n _ ~ R
(
66 )
\ l
JI j!
l. o
.l l
0, ~0
1 0,
00 1
0, 00
1 0,
00 1
0. 00
1 0,
00 1
, 2
I I
I
1, 0
), 40 . lf Ull JI ; , IIIIIII' l\i\G II :11,;111' IIIIII , JI!( 80·Jl, : (iO-l·1J! ,. II ll JI ;,; UJlll Jl . -
l\/l ll llll-[ ~I- II , [[, JIII
, II JI, ~lI I\ I\[.
[[J[ll lIi"r, , , I\ .
. lIllII II \ IIII .>\ ll ( 1111- I\) I\ lI II 6 II. . [\I1II![ ll 6I-I [\yiiMaKop.lI1K [II\II _ , [, 1[;[Il. fI li Ir (- ) [\, [,[I opl,\a.111 ;,; 1,\lIIl. <l[([[uII KOMIOHe[[T;[a
I\ii, I\II.'III ll.13U .1II· .
,II IIl11 l\:I"l!I. I1I11II" 1\[[)"[l1[1I 1.;lI .1II [lIlI % J\II06II '1 IlI'iIIII nII ['i l\ . , 11·4·3 II !,\ II % [,\aJla'l, 4% III[, 3% [\5' [IlI I'i II ( ilIi % \lIII lll \'i 6[10[1 3[II 1.;3II.1M<lII [) lI llII.
I\lr 3[6 [[lII - I\ I,\ · i'I IIII IIlI, ['i [III'i. IOIIIII[ 5 - 10-3-1,5 I\ II. u
I\ (I\ II l'ifIII ) I\ ~. II i'r I\II III I\ [ , ~II ~J [(.D['iII ll, -
60
. 14% I\Jl III .
III II I\ lI I\a Jl I I\ ( (1 ) I1 JI «(1-1-6) JII!II l.
l\Jl lIlllIll I! l\If IIJI .~JI I\JI. \If: lIJIIII lI JI II· II JIII lI Ni, Z, , lIIl! , Zn, Ni IIJII IJ) , ~IJIII.:IlIII If If Ni JIlI I\.
I :,\ I\II · lI ( ) I\I"J ( <1.1) lI. lIfllI U[10Il.l II ., l\I"JII ;JIf ( .1 II ii), [1, I'iII IfI n \<1 ll , I\ lii l"iii<J JIII iil.
iiIl l"iJl l'ilI <J JI 6 I'i JI I\I"i , .'l .lIfII m! I\ .1ii <l IIlI<J IOI"i0 :>\ IJ<lII II \Il
.
( 5 ... 11 % AI) I\ ll ,
l"i I\ I\. JI II ll, , , :>\ I\.
(1 .. 4 % Si) - h, )'
I\ I\" I"i :1!I lIII II. ll I\ 2500 I1 I\ ll.
I\r (25 .. 30 % ) " - 1\11011 II:1 ":):1 ll, II Il IIll<lIl, ),II-
61
;u l'i ; )\ . Jl , IOI'i JI Jl3 IIIIII II,
JIIIII JI I'i JI IIJIu lJI.
I<., I<,III\ IIII 1<.3!JaM<Jc uuu (3% )') JI J\ . II IO; jII l(e(III l"II1Jl JI, JIJI, IO; I1I IIJI (5000 U.1II J\ 20
0
IO~ttIlI JI III!l J\JIIl) UII! II . IOI\ U II JI: u l1II , l1,
l'I, , l1, ,
IOI\ II IIIIII )\ II.
. . )\ lIJl (;1(11
. )\II II IIII JIII YJIapIIIIIIr II )\ ;IllI JIO paI'iaMJ1apII . II, -8-4-3 (8% Sn. 4% Z, 30f06; ), 2 (2% ), 10-4-4 (10%,4%, Fe 4% Ni I\ ). I\ u-uu I\ J\aM . , Ii ;.
(19% Ni) u, , 101\0- . , IOI\ I\, l\
, , IOI\ I\ .
( I<,I , 5 35% 13 45% Z) MI-IU 15-20 (15% Ni + ,20% Zn) , lO; )\ , ,
. IIiiIl lIlIII, 101\0\)]1
62
" §. I\
JlII, JllOIII JI JI Jl, llII - OI\llp.
I'iII IIJl , JI lI ( = 2,72JCM2) , , ll , 8 Jl IIJl J\ I'i ll ,
i"IIlJlll, IIl\, l\JI II -\~M ll 101'i0P" .
lIUllII IlllllI I'i I,apau, ,llI 999 (99,999 % !), I\ 99 (99,99% AI) 9 (99,9% AI), 7 (99,7% AI), (99% Al) J\ . III\IIIIJl JlIOlIIlIIllIIII - II IIlIlII1II II , \ l'ilIIJIII . " )'JI ll llll ll.
TCXllIIKalllIllr Jl" \" lllfII I\II I'ioII IIIIIIO AllllaMIIK I<J U" I\UIIIJl I"apau, II I\II ~I\l u)'ll 5' II \il I<ClIr IIllII, IIII II =
-2,85 3 ll ;lIII (" i'(. "=500 ... 700 .
l\lIJl JlII ii 1,0- lI , l\Jl lIllll . 11 I\ , F I'i0 mycta-\,lII l'iII .
( I, 2 ... I6) 3,8 .. .4,9 % ( ), ll . II lIll l\ IIII I \ , I\ \II . I\ll, J\aM 1\0J:lllII MYCTaJ\ ~IJl .
.1 - ll , , .
63
"II 1)0II ~J. Al, 5, 8 " aeoc<JH 100 <J II!(lI ..
~ (3000) I\<J J(II , , , " "0- ".
" JJ " () lI i'I I\ MaBiY . JJ IlII ,\ "JJ " ;,; II, «J1I=500 .,. 700 <J). , 95 96 I,,; I"; " 20 '" 100° .1lI II I"I . II I..; I, , I"; <J Il I\ I"I ,\ Il JJII , I: Il·
IIIl , ;,;IIIIII
I I , Il III
<J . IIII Il I\\l II IlI ,\Il IIII ,<.1I1 'J Il.
~ I\ ", , IOJ, . " I) . lI lI I) " , I - Si III , II I, ~ ;';II ,\. 5-14 10 Si II I, . , F ". , ~, " ;,;II
" . "
II
64
Ma.~ap ' 3;iII ,. ;JJ
ll J\," . ; .. I\ 16, ; lIII . I\ I'< " lI lJl , J! ll aI\lIll, II l\ I\ " <lJI Jl 101,0 (250.,.3500') IIII IOI, I\ l\ ',./l . IIII I, I, J\aM .
I\ J\aM 97 I, aJlIOMJt." II lI I,Jl J\ I\. Jl. lll I\ll l2 I\, l\ll., , I, l\ IOI,OPH . IIII J\aMMa "" II lJ Jl IO,\ ; JlIIJl. YJI<lP 450° ~ . 21. 4-1 I, I, I, ·350
0
ll J, I\ :i I\ll .
I, .., , MycTaJ\KaM7 I\ll. " ],I , aTO~1 J\ Jl "
ilOIJIf Jl J\l\ JlJl.ll.. llJ\Jl ll , I<" lJ, JlJJlh , I 3JIMac
Il, Jl l\Jl llllll llJl l\ ], ], ~.
4" §. I\
01, llll, " II .t = 1,7 /3, 65I°C, ;" lJ ,) ~~ ]]0 ... ]80 ,
= 4 ... 8%, ], =00 . J\ .
HIIIJI' Jl . II JtII l' , " J\
5-124 65
~lJ IJ ;. II "l' , \I; l\II I\ J\ \ I\ ll ~ II.
I\ , I\l\ ,l.l. t.l 1\ . I\ I\ l\ .'lll II taH .'l .
l\ f\III!ll \'l, , ll llII Kellf II . -IIII l'iII3 (~2,6% AI), - I\ (~0,4 % Zn) 65'.'1116, tl lll f\II ~lJ\l( III.
ll 1111 1IJ1 I'ilI )\ Jl, I\-JI 8 l\;.n , l II l\llfl IIll , lI ll , 5 I\ll F 8 l\ I<; \l1 ll , Jl5 I\ll n II, - 1'mt,I1 I1 I\ p.~allaII.
5· §. )' I\
ThtaH-Jl Jlll, ((-I\ , !J II v= 4,5 /3 , II 1665" Il. 882,50 cl - III\II «llm, )fii.1ll () II, ~ - ~3I1 Jlll (I() lIll )'II.
llll II IlI1 I1 !JIlIII ' (I'i) I )'Jl II. (/) ~~ -40 ... 70%) 5'II, >; ( O'IJ=- 230 .... 250 ). TeXlIlIK ll (BT-l) (~0,8% l\!1III I,II) 0i,=300 ... 350 = 20 ... 30%.
ll lII IOI<;0PII - 3II 8 ll II, IlII ll blYCT:J\K3M 31'1'1 ll f\ lll\ll. )'.~ . 5000 f\, I!
Jl l\I1. ~ G, ll TI!Talla
66
aco€Hil 'l J\.aM , I1- llll, i ." . ,", '.
ll l\''- I\ I< ;,'J ' I\lI ll J\JI . :l'll,J11'f l\Jl Il~~8-00 ,., 1500 \:~; -,\ (6= 12 .,. 25%) J\,ll Jl . Illl li ll l,: Jl,iI;.i, lllI ll ', l\l : ll II fl 40% ll~ II . ' ; '. ' ,': .
llll : l\,. ~ 1\():r~3\)II(.Ii·,~ ll 'lI .ll. 'r. Ill, , llli. ; ,
ll l1 I\' (, Mapra' , ll, l\ ) , ll.l., l\ l\fi ' . "
(-, ~ ll (I\lI- ) lllIII (, , , ,lO l\), ' 0:':"'"
Ull . " , IX - l\I\ J\ 1\11' . .l~ IX - Il a~a l\ , \l l\ l~ll . llJl l\ 2 '" 7% I I\, ll~ l\ ll MycaJ\KaM, l\, « Jl» IIJI ( 0,02 .•• 0,05% ll ll ).
I,ll (- 5, - 5- 1) ll' l\ (400 ... 5000 ), l<, ll, I\l . I\ll IlJ\ , ll (: II , II ,\ . 5- 1 l" l\ I\, ll'" \l Jll{Il. l\ ii,t:I- ll l" . '
6- §. ,
ll , J\ llil' l\ ,
,\,=8,0 /3 , t",u - 1450, 'I)
~7
MyeTaJ\KaMmlKKa (6~ =400 .... 500 ) , .lli.lII .'1 lf\l.lIIf.
i\ .'1II.lll IIIIKe.lb 0,01 ... 2,4% )'.1 I\lI .l\lIl (teMIlP-, , , .'I[, l\.l) )'.l. lI i\ ll , , i\ 1\5' l, l\I\ ; ,\.'l I\.1, y.~apllll"r \'\'
.'I " , lI1I .'1 5':,'ll . .'1 .'Ill.'1 "iJca (IIII, , I\FII, , , 1<ll) ; .'Ill, l\iJ ll IIIIIIII <liilfII.
I-Im{II , , MapralleIt lfll I\II.1 II (~- l\aHIII-; l') " lI, """ lI, "" COBYI'i .ll l'iOHIlI'iap.'111
" lI . , I-I)I(, 28-2,5- ],5 (68% Ni + , 28% Cu, 2,5% Fe, 1,5% ) M<lp 1\8<lll ,\ll "lfll .1 ll.
1-1 .. l'i<lII 9% llll ( ) I\ .
"" - 1\0IIIIII 20% I I1 (2080) II~l ",0- '"II ll '(XI5I-1) I\ ; II II.'l .
I\ I, «- II» <l. '
I,ll IllllllI 650 8500 " l\ ll. " : I\ 77 (19 ... 22 , 2,3 ... 2,7 Ti, 0,55 ... 0,95 I) 77 IOP, I\UJ'I1 IlI (" 0,01 % ) ,\ .
7- §. I( I\
Il I\ , I\ JOI, iiIl. ~ FO, ,I\, I,III1
68
l11l1 l\ - II. •
ll l I\ ll Jl l I\JI.. I~U.ll ll ll ll II, I\ I\YP I'lI ll, II JJ 8 Jlap IIJlJJlII. III II ll .,:. ~. .'1<lII.'lII< Jli1, J I\ I\YP I'IIIIIIIIII , II I\ ll ~ll \II l'iIllIll J'ill I\ S"iiII. II llll I, ll llll Jl ;l. Jl
.rI II l\.rl. l <ll l\Jlii I\ . II.
I\lIIIII .'! ( IIGII) ·Jlll, (l - (Sb Sn ,\I\ lIII) f3 - II (uS SnSb ) l'i1 IJIII lI .
llJllI 83 88 J\n Jl , I\ I1Jl ii
ni' II ll. ll lIlI Sillllll ll, , ll . .
IIIJl I\ Mal\ca ll l'iI"t-I\IIII I\ ii llll. il i'll llI acocail lI . I\a -1'i)iIIII I\ I\ , l), ( ) I\, . II l\, .rl ll II.rl. I\ ll i'II , F , ll . lI I\Y Il·
I\roI. J\r , I\Y 8 I\ , 2 :,\ I\. . , TOF-KOH
69
'8-§. " Pl I\
l( lI ll , ,!, .II ll- l\l\ lI, I, I\ " l'i KeHrpOI\ IIll ,I1· I\ (jJ, .. , , ) [II ,II ,1)II !I II
raIi, llfIlIll II. I\ II II ~;''1Il, I\l- I{ , , I([[ , Il I'i, \ .
Il I'il1II mI, IIIII t",,, - 34100 , YI[JIHr I\ II !I
ll, 1I0 . I'iII ,fIII .:Jl, \III I'i ( 30% , 15 ... 25% I\)') Il \ ,
,ll I'i!)[[I ,ll , J\ lI IIII II I!![[f \ , IIII II . i'r - . ; J\u i'rllll.l.
YIIIIHr I, \ \ I IIII. .'1~1 , lllI
, I\ lI
, lIll I, I. I\ ll HIIPKO[[[Ii'I, Jl, , , III l\I, I\ \ ll. 9. j
70
·ll lll '" ll. I\ ~II. I\ lJl,ll I\ (0,1 ... 0,2 Zn 0,005% ) I\. .l\ llllll . I\ll, " llll IIJl J\".
, 111111 l\, II
l IIII . II " II16 l,Jl II nn~ (N.~Ta Jlap), I\ ll N/J - SIl, N. - Zr , N.-W - l\, ll ,\R ", \ II ,\Il .
" I\ , ll, lIll I\ IIJ\ IOI,OPII, IIII Jl ll IIU . I< I l\Jl -, Jl \ , Jl, "
lIII, JlIJII ll l\
IIll1ll.
III,U;J II ~aM Jl II 5% ll ll Jl I\ iillllJl. I<.lI 1200° MycTaJ\ KaMJlIIrlI 0,,=360 .
l; Jl (IllI, , , nJl l\Jl) Jl I\ llll ( ,\ ll l,), lI ~ . ,
II TeXlIlIKa, lI, '1111<.III I< I)JlJl Y'IY" I ( ll) l) -, llll JlII. '
VI .
n ~ap · l)II, " n lI [{ . I\. ll I\ . I\.
IIII ll l) n -
71
.'lill 'I\' ~[~ II . , : I\~ I\. [II I\ I\ ll ll I\I , II " , /fGTTU/f I\u .
I\lI [~l\ (HRA = 860 ... 920 ) . (800 '" 100QOC), (I<. ) , ll I (I<. ) - - (I<.) [~I l'i [ ,(6- l~apaH).
, ~aMMa «1<.» Jl; i aI~ II III, «» ll l~ I<. Ii,lI llll (TiC) II[ I! II . I<. I\lI [J [,\ TIITaH ll I( (TiC + ) I"rI I II . WC [J[ I,\ II ['i[ l , LJ [\ [J i'[IIII 100% i' [~ II.
I<. I< [\II [[[( [!I JlJl l'i['i , l<II . WC [ I<- 0.'l ['i Jl;, [!II . l<.[> [J l<II ll JlIlll (F s), , I\ ['iI'i ;, . l\I I\ l(II[III I I\3I'iII iill II I\(DI\ . l'i ll ([(0-
I\ l'i Jlll ['iI ) ['ill i'I, >\ ll l\I\ l\I!II l'iI .
I<. l'iI'i l\ll II ['i .~, Jl;aM , l'i1.! ,II .
' i\ -
72
I \
l l
-
l l -
-
J l
6-
l\a TT
H I\
I \ , ,
8
l\ 'l - : -
l \ . 1
U J . l . ' l
8
1
2
,
,
3
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11 00
;
6 (
g4
6 -
- 90
0 13
50 l ,
I \ ,
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I \ i' i ,
a- 6 (
g4
-
- 88
0 12
00 _ ~ :
I\
, ;
8
5 16
00 5
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86 0
17 50
. 1 l \
l\o pa
; -
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;
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15
6 -
90 0
11 50
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I,o pa
4 3
87 5
16 00
;
) '_ 1
,
I ,
5 ' _ 1 0 ,
3 8 5
, l
5 '
I \
\ 8
82
8 7
u . 1 0 .
II lf
I\ i'[.'JJ'JI\ 100-150 J<, 5·.n, l\ I< I\ I\<J ,
l/ Jl I\ll ." ~~ Jl 2 ... 5
Jl, l\J [\ l/ .1
1000 .. ' 2500 / JJ . I\ I\, 20 J\JJI!
I\ l,JI I!
l/II , JJ [\JJ<J OFHP IIJJ<J[!.1ll .
I\ u I, J l\I\ 1,0lI ; . II [, JJ ~ll l\I\ l\I lI II:I. 'Jl, ( 4 ) ['.0- I\lI IIIJ l\I.'I lJ ll /l JOI\Il·
.; l, - ll I\I ylrFOTMO[,Aa. .1
. I\ , , l\uJUl -,\ I\a I\ JlII l\, J\ l\I\ , , l\J\ , F () 1,[lI\ I<..'[ n .
l\III , IIII l\I I! <: . (WC) I\II l\1I1I\.111I, . F (), I\ I,I, . .'llIIJ i'r:-
74
l\l I\ l\I~' . ( I,\ I\ S;ll I\ ) . . l\I~ I\ \VC JI l\ , J\aM . l\I<; , I J\ . I,\ I(Illl I\ lI (100 - 150°) I\ pOI<; IIIII .
l\ I\ I\ Q .
II I\ IIII I( Ji. n
.lll J\ ,\ 2 ... 5 I\. l\I<; I\ Il ml 100 ... 2000 / r II! .
' I<; I~, Ji.~ J\
Ji. I\ l\I<;
Ji. . I\ 1\1I1'II FII. II , n II 1\II Il i'I I\ I\ ( 4) 6 I\ I\" I\I\ I<;
Ji.OCIl.1 l<;II. , 4 311 I\ )<3[l
)'F.l (II) .1 :'\l\.
; l\ (40% 50% ) ,\ ..1 1\l I\ l\IJI
l\l I\, 1930° . I\ (0) lI II ll.
75
J- §.
f\ f\f\ (HRA=91 ... 93) JJ (1000 ... 1200° ) , JIII JI . Ilii
f\ II MIICOJJ I\ II _ ( 332) II , f\ Mg20 , . I 2 .'I JJ 2 II , F I{aMpoI\ I\ . ll I\ , <:! ,JI. JI Ker JJ, MeTaJJJJapHII ll JJ all'Ia JJ. JJlIII ;.;.lI1 10 G . lI ii lO I\ lI YJJaplIH Il f\ W, , Ti, Ni (10% ) ll I\. lI I\ 0PI'iaJJII I· I< JIlI I<(]ii:l<1II, ii II.
2-§. I\ . I\
II lIl. , II f\ , .rJII
(f\ JJ JI II ) f\ , , f\.
1100°C lOf\ II1 TiC JJ, , IOf\ JJ Jl I\, 4 + SiC (!I JJ f\f\ 03l\ , 30000 ' ) .~lI. F , Mi, . I'i . f\ I\ (I\ ) . "I
76
l! I\ () . u~, ~ Y'IYH rI!I , Mi l\ .
, 3Il I\ I\lJJl JI.
I'iII I<Jl Jl MHTJlap 70% I2 30% Illl , (1300 - 1500)@C .
3- §. fI(
" ij IO 10% 80% '1 n31(JI\ JJ, Jl ifJl. JI ll IIIIIl, Jl I\ Jl taill-Jl. MacaJIaH, FJI Jl l(
l!II . Jl Il I'i llIIIII\JI i\ Il. II JlJl IIJl Y'IY" II wl! ii . Jl (;1\11 IlJl Jl (1 ... 2% Il) Illl iiJI.
I\II JJJI (I\JIIIII 80% ) ! (lI, MIIC l'iJl IJJ 11 III,JI 1, 1I0llllllII ) , III( Il l'i lI l'iI'iIl, IIJlIIlI, \I«IJI \01<<130 "IlII m <lJlIlU .
4- § I(I(
nl<Il\ I'i JJ KCII IIJlIIJlll . Jl TYPJlII Jl Jl ]] IlII I<QII ( JI<l JlII, IIf ii<lIIJl l\JlII), Jl W, , Wrl JlI Ag ClI I\ Jl]( I< JII Jl JlJl ([{ llO I<<!.'IIl :l<) TCMIIP 1\0- JI Jl,
77
I,\ Q), (II l +Ni I\, Al+Ni+Co, , Al+Si I,\), Il<J, l\ IJ II II (II );, %. Fe+25% 45% Ni . ) .
Ii- §. !l> ,
l llll iJllII.
lI l\ lI II .1JlIIl I{II l\JlII lllIIJII, t-Iaca .1ll, Cu+Fe+Al+Fe I'i . I\Jl . IIll IIii Il ll II II .1 ii:l- ll. .
6- §.
\(; .1IlII II ; I\opa , IIIJ l\<1jJJI,
JlJlO, MaTcplla.l ('l, , , , , Moil, l\ \I{) ll lIII.
II ll III!Jl 1'i)' 1aJI II lIl,\ ii<lllll i I! I'iJII-l. II lI 113- lI l\ i"!II II , Jlll JlallralI II, lIlI Jl
ll- IIII 31\030 . . . \.1 KOHCTPYI{ l'i T:JIIJla :
). nu/t - " I\il .ll1 !!!! II IIII !\ llII; ). /tu - IIJl ll.l-
78
- J-l Mex,HaTHfIHr I>; n). If7Uu - I\(/JI I> 't r , , }\ .;l . ...
'l,ep:JK' J\. IOI\. I:I
.lr 8 J\ ;.; Jl ;. I:: Jl Jf, .~t, I\l , , , I\Jl.
IOI\Op I1 1'1 l\ - lII Pl I\ ,. I,l\ . .
l\ , ( . ), 0I\YB'Iall (,) , (ort ), III ll (), IIII (Q') . -.l I,i'tll 60FJI - ' :
Cs=E/[2-(l-)]
IOI,\llll I, II6 II ( , % ;lIll) I,\I\ () , -)'JI~ II.'1II lIlIIl J!II JlUilII II.
l\aHIII\JIIIK (), Jl I\ l\ () _ ll1l !II,\ IIil IllII
(i: ) CYIOI\ 6ll I,\I\ If 6 Ill( -\ ; UII lI.
If, ,ll l\ callOaT ll lI II-, I,
.l" I111" I,\
" llllll COlll1, I,ll I\ II II , JII,
~'II l1 i\ TYTII" I,. II n 6, II " :l
Mexalll1K ll 1U0I, ~ II ll I\l, If !fIl J\aM lOl\. "II J\l1 i\II JlJl llll, II, I\".1
1<,l1 l 1I11
79
/{ . . lI 30.15II
, , Jl ll~'IIIl llII. Jl Jl II ll 1130- J< ,l,
ii JJ : :>IIIIli'l, , IIIJ 1\0Jl, lI, IlJlI! I\, J\ , , J\I\ ll, IIII;, , ll lI3J111
JlJl >; , «» (,lI<l II) , III , , 1\ 111\ lllliJ,
II I\, I\Il, m ll, , ll, , , ll IIIVl-18, - - 446-55 ll;J I'il .
ll IJ , 3111111 J\ " l II 11 iJ (, , JJ) lll'i 1'illmI\, II I\ IllllI 10-15 , Dl\ 8-10 J<ll II.
I<, «ll» ,11l IOII '() lI JJII ii I'i lll >;Jl" J'i.~'l;lJJ I\.
; lJll J( IJ lJlI
I\lJlJ1I i'lII (IJ) 'l >; >;Il .
J( " ll,l.ll. >; ll II IlIl, ll, iiJIlI ll J( , .
- 1).'IJl
, Il, II I\ >;, () ll IIII II, I~ I~ ){I () II, ll
81
~ ~aM ,: . - ' I\ I\ I\II, .
I,, I\ , I\,' I\ - . , I\ , I\ . ' () ; 8 () I\ , I,aII , I\ IIJI I\
~aM I\ , .
VII .
~
I\ I ~
III II ) . !, ~aM II , I\ XIX .
II ~ap . li (
), I\ I\OHY .I . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . , . I\ , .
)(. I\ lt I\, . I\ -
6-124 8)
t ~ i
~1 , ~1 ~ ~·I· ~ ... «;. tV \ 1
8atr;m ... I . V =- }
14- . II( II p~)J(IHmaplllll1 ;J.8 J III .. - 1J,JlI; - }'ll"'l;t;.
( Jl, 6JJJlaH .rJ J\) .~ TVTIIral1.
l\\.~, )i n l1, lI, .Il, ll!l I\rll~
(, ,. lI l\ ll) II!l !l, , ll Il II TOMOllra )' l\ II, -II - (!l IJIIll lll\ J\aM ) . !lI Jl ll , II ,, , 1l1l1I1I iill pOJlb ll.
}' II ~aM - F J\ (10- ) , IlII Jl Il ', ll J\ll.
" l\ ,\ Bal'iT \ U3I1. II ll \ . II ll 5', (/ (14- , ), u 5'·~ , 6 (14- , ) Jl u l·l1III.
1- §. Sl
. . I( .1J . ;
82
a~oca , ll I~ I\Jl. I\ i II JI ~'lll J\ . .
II ') :. 1. ; 2. -; 3. III<'
l~JI I\ ,II J\ap Jl , JJ l .
l1- JJ ') JJ JJ , ,)Q I~II l,,)II, ll, 10 "~ . JI , ,) '"\ II, II I, Y301\ 31, JJ I,.
!l ' II II .~, . ') J\ ') ll lI ') MexalIlIK ').'l" :,\. I~ «Il .• I JJ Il
Jl.Il·
2- §.
j , Jl, ll . JJ\-~~ I\') l)- II (14- ).. '
1. JUlU. ,)r l !{II , (I\) I\ . II .
.. l " Llll.1:
) u'.lUllft lu I(. ll llLlII JJ IJ l) . I\JJ. JJ ( ) (600-
113
7000) IOI,\Ii; IJ'l 1\li , , , I( acta-lII JlI1. OlJl I,\, llJl , Jl J\aM ll Jl;
) r!J /o),IUlarulU. i'I llJlI1 '\ Jl . Jllll1 , I\JI JI<lII «11 nllIIII " . XIIJI )'JI<l Mapl(aCl1ra - l! l1 GSE lflIl1 (-s I\,\ /' !,\l1, IOII J\ ll IIII ll R. Jl<il aeta-II l1ll l"I. (14- );
14- . - JI3P"1! .lII '1 3
l11< I!UIJ100 l\;(III1
.1 1, JI"l I1 .
1J(J()
" JOO
100 1« 4! 0:6 8/ ':2 "," J/t!iJ, r. }(,//cob//iJa
) 'IG /lllll. I,\yi'Ma lO.~ (Jl) 11'11([( JlfJl<l )"\,IIlLI Jl!! aBBaJl II IIIIII
Jl ,,\ ii. !! nYJlaT IOJl , lI,,\ !! ffYI,\Ta , l I< n IOJl ) I<I ,\ ll "" HYf,\Ta TCMllcpa· I\Jl, ~ , acta-f DJI. :Jll<l, -
84
], I) , ], , .
, ; ; ) ,ll, . I\ 1)0- l (I), ) I I\ l\ l . ]] () r l\ (200-3000) I\ , I I\, 10-15 - , .
I\ I\ Bal)T , , . I\ l\ I)
I ; ) '] .
II ll I\ l\ Il
. , l\ I\I\ (750-760
0
) I\, ], , . , , l\ I\ I), , I, I). , + li -
I ,;
) uJlIU tuutu. IlI l, I\lI.
I ll I, • ]] , I,; (30- : 50
0
) I\ I\, , l\ I\ ( 577- 650
0
) ll-, . II . ' 6 ~ I\ i, I I\ I) ,
.!-lI . ~ " .
85
IO- " 3-4 I\l\I\, -II !\ , I)I\ )' " I\ I\ . )' IO llII ~j Il I\.
2. . I\ (14- ) IIII I\ II I\lI. ;l j: II 1< I,\, D _ hi'lIIl .1Il
- l\ (30-500) IOI-; pa,:atta I\. aI\ 'l, ; . I-I ~i .1l. ( < 0,3%) , Il .l I\ I\, . " l,\ , .'l. ~' (=, 3+0,5%) .l IO - I'; I\lIl 1I0 IOIll S'pHHHII II. J1 ; Il, II J\ II ( Il) .
3. 6. J\ .l.l lO (.'lllll) ll, Jlllll 1-;11.1 \lll l'aH lIHr l<.I<; \IIIl, ll )' ll.'ll\.Illlllll lJlll l<; II. 5''l:lIIII GSK IIIIl\ (30-500) IOl\OpllpOl\ I\lI3, nal,T D (10- ). D'l ; ll , , " , I\ ii.
, 0,25% iiII,
II Il -
, I\r~ I\ . JI II lll',1i I, I\ I\ I, I:lJ lll t.l I . , , Il :. l, , I\ - r , I\
-.
l\ :.
4. tlUl. .~ If I JI<l i'I ,lII l1 IlII f JJ Mal\ca II. u ) (7270) I I\ l'i" -I\ III J1.
I'i~JI:, . I'i , l,II1 I\JI l'i , I, 3I'i, II, II (180-2200) F i\. " II , (300-4000) F II . "
II I1"11 l3 ll 'l JJ lJlill >\II I\. . JJ" :{ (500-
U
) , , )' ll ..
l'i Jl , l'i . .11{ l3 . , I{ .
87
3- §. " ,
1937 . . .
I\ I\I'i }_ I\ ''i II + 20 , t-t II IIII llll ''i
Il.
" ''i
'iII, II (() ,\ Il
. " 0,6% .~I1
-10.'71 ...... I: - . '-.......... . ''i ''i-
-2011 1 1· ---> I\ (15- /. 0.8 1.2 l6 [,% ~~ , ' , ). -
15- . MapTeI1CHT.l11 F (f6) (fe) ~ I1. II -
IIII
''i'I I\ " I! , ~ Il I1 " ~ II II ''iI\ , , lI I\ . l\ ''i II Il ,,\ '): (-780) .~ J\" .
4- §. !( ,
, I<, lI , · () II II
88
, I\ II, . 'l' J\ Il
.fI .
( I\) I\ , I' . I\, () fr I\ !l .
,
I\I\ II.
- II C:l . , II II I\!( I\. , , 50-70 / J\. I\I\ =2300+3200 F .
- ; II, [\ I\. , , 80-100 / ll J\ I\, I\I\ = 3300 .. .4200 .
150° I,; I\ ,\0- JI I\. " I , l\I\ I\ , =6000+6500 I I.
5- §. I\
I\ ,
I\n . I\ -
29
II . JlII (IIJl) .
IIII I, ii II !<,I1U · tePMIIK- JlOlJ ·
JI II.
I\. ,.. CallO,l l;J
IIIIJl 10% KaMpOI\ Jl Jlll JlII, Jlrllllll Jl JllI l\aHlIl\ ":J; .1lI I\ lI:I.111 (AI2Cll, AI2CuMg·MgSi I\) IIII. 13y '\111- :J l\ lllll1II :1II ai1:1 ,111 11111· ll, I,\II (IIIII1I) 31\!l)l lIIII t.1II nII ll
. Jl IOIIII . 1,0.1;J ~I
ll .Jl 10 1\0 ()I 1 nJIIJlIII< I\,
'l. JIII, JlII llllll . . :li'iI,.
l\yiiMa lIJl lI II· III lI l\ l <J X.0CJ1 III, <J II I\, Ill.'1II I\OlIllIM:lIll1l1r
n.rrIIII niillII. m. Gy lllII ;oJllIIIII I,\ " 'III aJlIO~II!HHii I'ilI:l I\lUlI 10/.1 111 <1111.11 ll, II:t I'iII~1 II<I'IJl<J lI I\:1llr" . .Jl Il<J Jl II TaJlallaiOl.
ii 11 1\0lllJl ~P 3110 II ;1111 (II II coml\ll) (450 ... 520") .1Fll l 4 ... 40 AaBOMIlAa <lIl;I . JlIII ll JllI '111_ <JJlII .
IIII II II3 (;1I\ ) I\ JI1II:
1. n IIII ;IlI1II· .1lI1II <1.
2. l\ l\ () ,1IIII KcpalC
90
) 1 ... 2 10 .
6 l\ I\ )'.\IIII ~ .1, 16 ( ) I<; 495 ... 505 I<; " IIIl I\ 200 300 = 23 ..• 25% .
I\. ll I\ lIll
II , -
)':lll . TIITall IIII ; -I\
llll II !~li ~1 )' II IOI\Opll ,JJ , a~~ I\ II II . III " Tl!Tall YI!IIHr - I\
)' (670 ... 8000), 3 l\J1 .
II I\. TeXHIIK IIIl COO)'I<; II )' (500 ...
U
) 1()Ill il . 1\0- lt ( ... 7000) 1 .1 ll.
III! \ . II 2 - , ,ll! i1llll ll )'
)'II 450 ... 5500 ll . I(, l!lI1I 700 ... 3000 ll - 1I1111 IIlI ll II. )'lI I<; 8 ... 14% S )'30:<; l<; l\, - II I<;lI . II 14% Sn , J\ 101\0- IIlf IO \ )' l )'I l\,~ I\ 700-7500 )' I<; II ll .
800 ... 900 - dll I
650." 8000 , ~ 1111 )'J\. J\
91
. 10-4-4 980" m 4000 IIJl. I\:l Y'IYII < :lil IIIl ll , J:: ~() jJ, 50
0
1,5 '" 2 II JJII lJ.
lJ IJ II =6()0 ... 55() l, "",4()() , ,;= 5% " .
TepMIIK .;JJl MYMI"'II ll lJ·· Up. ]() - 4 - ] - , Up. ]2 - 2, . 2 I\.~ JJi1 jJill.
6-§. R-
, l\ ml . Mal\ IJ >\ IILl ll - llJl JI IJIII
llJIll lIlI JI, I'iY]JlIJI\1i.JJlap II.
III JlJl, I\])JIJJ :iIJJIII ( IIJI FJIllJ\ <1]), 1<<JJllJJI, I(CCI\Il 'IJI ~I .I<) JJIIIIII II l\l:1IJ II 11 11 111 ) 11 , II 1\IJJIIIIlI l\ll ".:1 -]{ IIJJJJlII. IJIII"I ;)I\TIIB
J\II1111JI Il IIIlJlIlIIU, 1'1111 lllIll , JI l\aJIIIIJJIIIJ<r<J'I<J (l'i:I~ ) . III .II - J1<lJl J\IIJ\ ( .II ; N ), \:I<1 i"t 1'\ MOJIC]{YJla:lapIlIIIIIJl' <JJIJl<J Ili"!:!II:1II ]{ ]IlII <JTOMJJapra lI'lII, IIIlII
<J JI, 'IYI'iYP!JOI\ 1\<JJl.:I<JlJ YTII II .
.IJ ii-II]{ T1'P:I~lP"- " ll, , ll, ~llIl,
IOlliil1l !lJl ](Jl. IIlllii ]{ Jl JIII l'ii.;C1I)! I\ JIJI<J JI ;I"i31J III ll II.
II II ~f[l- lI (JlIIII) l"i l\IIII . , JIII II (0,1 - 0,3% ) CllpTI"i" 1"i<JTJlilMH llll l\rrlII\.'IIIlI
92
,. If I\ IO; f\; " . Jl II (IO) 1 Il, ii I\Jl. lOlIIl I, ~ l'i,'l J\ ll llJ' ..
t!.J l(,I JI J\ (lOmi- ) Jl Jl JJ. JI I\ () i1, I'i I\I\I\'l, Il III'illlu yra ; ll<l , II l'iyTHIIII IlIIl 'l lI 91 0- 9
U
f\lf 1' l1 . I\II [ ,'1 ( . ) 1\80 Jl 1{I1I1, I'iYTH J III\
)i 2 )'[HIa 1\ . ; Il lO () , 1\0- i, l::
2 =2-, CaT+Fel'o!. ... Fe 1 ()
II'i )' , ~ )iI. ~ MY1\HIla Il
91 0- 930
I'i lO
. 'll) Il JIIII III
IIl JI
I'i Il l"Il lf, I 1\rJ) l'i.
3. IO; J\li I IlII; l'i , -
1\3 (0,5 ) I\ ll. , 75-85% N , 10-15% NaCI 5 - 10% SiC II 820 - 850 'l 1<;l1mll ll Jl.
Jlr mJllIll lli'l- ll II l'i aJ , :
2N2+Si = N2SiO+N20+2+
93
, ll . aTOMJlap lII III'i l'i .
ll ~1 () 30 lll.I1I 2 :J lI Illl 0,5 IIlI,l<JlI l'i JI I\JlllJ
", <lIIII C!IPTI'iH l)II lIlI . Il' 0,1 - 0,4 % ra'la II II,I aTJl - 6111\ I'iJIll!.!../ .
ll, lI JliilllI Jl ( IIJII>3JII II3Jl) I CllpTI\1I l\aT JllI1I l'iI,\, I'iIlJllI JlII 03I1 6JlII l'iIlJIII ll JIIIIIII lll1 '1'II l'i IIIll. , , II. pCTOpTaJlapha (Jl) 500- " ll OJlll6 60IIJli1. III y'lyH lI1I 'I pCTopTaCllra ii,I6, l(ci\IIH Yllra JlII ll Jl Jll( aMMllaK 60JlII. II ~Illllill Jlllllll1ll (2NlI~2N+31-12) III.ITII Jl 6 ;:lI
ll. ii I, , Il<J JlII , Jl, IIII\<l Maiiila lI (IN, CrN) x,OCII:l . III \lIll CII))TI\II l'iJlII l'iI<J I\llII lllIJl
ll ll JOI'i (IIJII> 6 I-l= 1()00 -:-1200 ) 6. ll l'iaTJlaM l'iII lll , oal'illra, 6 , 3'III Jl ll l[J JlIlI'i .
II JlII JllllI ( JlIlII) ClIpTI<,1I l'iJlJlIII ll aI'i >laM , , Jl I"IIIlll II. (0,2 - 0,4) Jl 6Jlll III II I'JlJl 61 1'illJl. IIII y~IYII Jl Jl eTa~lI) I{II ac(jou .1apHlIIlf lll'i l,aTJlaMII l'iJllll ii II . 820 - 9500 l'i1, Jl, (:30 - 40%) Jl I (K4Fe (CN6), 10% (N2) I'iJIIl ll l II J1, M.lca , 6% NaNC, 80% BaCI2, 14% NaCI apil Jl, \ll (IIJl ) llII. 6Jl N ll,
94
IOJI. J\ ll;J. , l. JI . - 1<14, I) >\( J1 ;'l, ./ll IO.llrfl i< ,lfJ I\;J I'iJI .
7- §. I'IfI(
>\ lllf I'i IOJ\I\ TeMlilepaTypa l\, 8al,T TYj}l!ilatlaH , II )' mJlll I\
IJI n ll, ll JI311ll3 I )' lt JI. II, II3 IOI, I{ .rr lI.
/OIfOPU ..llu ....II ( ) )(I I, IOI\ I\II, 8al\T , 3 ; ;J1I I< (),' II i1I\ .
!llII ...!II 1Illltlt () )' I'i I,I\ ,\ll, ll!m. ll l< llll (400-5000) Ill li. !l ll II !, )' llll , ll ll ll JlII. J\aM, >\ (i.nllII .
. IIII ll I, . = 2200-3000 /2 ) , IIII , 5',I(3 II 3J/3I! lI J\ .
10. IIJ! 1050 ... 1100°C I\ll, 900-9500
95
25 .,. 30% ;1, ll . .
IO ll IIII ( .1, Jlll) IOI~Q . 1\1-
("1800 ... 2600 <J), J{(Q~=-8 ... 12%) IOI~ III~I\ llll -Il- ; I~ l'i. . .
1050 ... 11000 ll 450-5500 II 1"l <JJlII I~I~ll 1.,5 ... 2 , 6.:.8% .C<JI\ llll 0"11= 2800 ... 30000 <J .
lI J\ III'ill . ·IIl\llll ll. ll aycTelllllIU Jl l'l llII ll<J J\OCIIJI , IIII ll J\aM . I ll (), I\ Il.
~1 ll llll ,l flII I\, Illl ~
lI ll I'i]I . MacaJlall, llllll IIII ll I ll I>I II " = 2700- 3200 /-12 l'i. II <lll I, ll <lll ll <Jl I~lI]I Q II, ll l,]lJIJlIlIl I~ JI<l IIllII .
. ll llllll JllI ll, II I~ JIIIJl, II, Bal'iT J\aM, ll J\aM , IIIIII Il I\ ll II, IIII ll ll . , ll Jl ll lIll ll.
8- §. I\
, J\ap l'i , IIl I'i DlI, 06- Jl () J(VJl. lIII-
96
1111 IIh I\!i ( /lO) , ;), Jl l\ ; . II I\ Jl ll.
. l1 ( ), ( IIll) : I\ ; I\ ;, Jl Jl , .. ; Jl ~i, , , lI, JJ l\JJ .
I\ IIIlII JJ . Jl, I\ I\ ll , ll I ll .
u U1U uu n IJI( , 611u llU1fU uu lI'l II . ll'l ill II , ;J I\lll" , (I\II) 1'i.;J . I\JJIII( IJ I'i.ll !(.
I\ lJ IJ i1
ll llII I\ : I( 'l , I\II
lJ l\JJFII I\ ; I\ll. JJ I\ I\ I\L ll lIml Ql\
n IIll I'i. JJ , l\, alla l\ - Jil . JJ ( ) (!! I\) II . ; I\F "l 0,5 62 , -. I\F 3 20 2 .
7-124 97
Jl l\;Ul~ () ~aH , l<, :l<J ll l~. ll, Jl ., l<,llll<Jll Jl . TerMaiiAH. ll l\ll JI l\ JI ., , 0l\apTMa IO, .
l\ JlIl.
l\ l\ l\F llll ll . ; l\, l\ ll . ll , I\F l\ .'lII. Jl Jl . , .'IIlll; lI. !J l\ll "JI" .
I i.;llII Illl llllII . . I\lI. llII )l\ . l\F . l\FJIIJ 'I , JI l~ . ll fJl'd l\ 5'l llllll II . I\IlLllIIllll lllli"Ill.
. l~ JI llllll ll (l~ " ll) ll .
. ll Il\ 80-90 , l\ 4-6 I'i"Jl iill ll, llJI "Il I\ l'ill, IJlJI
ll l\. I\ .6JI
l~. ., JIll
, , l\ JI JI.
() I\ .
ll (, , l\ .~ ~I "", , ll l\ llllll . ll~lu () JIII . l\ lIIll
98
!III . I\ I1 I\ . , 1 5-6 10-12 F . F , . , I\I\ .
I\ ~ !,, . . !,!! ( ) II, 80 -;- 900 F I\. I-l, n J\ , I\ !;; <1 !\ .
I\ , J\
() I<;!I .
!I . !, J\JI -150 + 600 .
. . , 600 , 1000 JI-!!
I\ .
600 !, I\ . !I !!!! F F I\I\ .
; I\ J\aM !,II\.
119
.'lIIII llII \II ll:I,11I ltII llll IIII, II .1IlII ii. .111 ."III, , S"3- JI II. Maca:laH,
IiI\ lI It II llII II 10% IIII .1 . lIll I\ l'i, II, ll,
l<,II 03I1.1IIIlII i"lII .l11 ll .1I1II .1IIII Il 1\11- .1ll -.1 I,IIOIIll .1- i'l . IIII II [lll 1\;tII II .1.l llllll.
II - IIIIIIi'I Jl :l 5\1II.
ll I'iYPYI'i I'i (, IIII, ll 1;t 1\ :) JllI llll lIllll Il , IH MeTaJlJl II l'iII \II 6S" i'I. Tapl\aJIall IIIIi'l , ll .1. II IIlii lllI IIII Jl l lIIlII II
l'i () I"l lIII \ II. ll, , Ila 11 , ll II
, II 600 IIII 611.'1,111 y.13plllllll· J(llII:lII
. II JlII :lll, 6Il
, JlIlII JlJl l I'iJl II , l'i .'lII.
II n I'il(Jl - Jl.1 n . ii J\ , , II (I'il1.'l ) l'i Jl , II I'i , , , I'i , J\I \0- (J .
il 1I0 ll llI
100
:1 JI ll , l\. ; Jl . 0311 ; I1 J\ ;.'! l'i ;. , I1 ; l'ii't Jl ; , Ag, , Bi, Sn, , Ni, , Fe, , Zn, Mg, I .
ll ;, J\, , Jl
, ; l1 l<, l'i. (;) . J\JI 1(0 ll ll JlJ\ l{ Il
I1 l\ll l1. ,l1 ll l'i]l ll l\ ll II I1J1II . Jl
. / Jlll, I1 I1 l<, 1 IIII l<, . .JlJl Jl ll I1Jl ll l'iJl Il . ; l<; 1\I1Jll ll . ll l1 I . Jl l111 , l ll .
1- §. I\
. l\ I<, . . I<, .'\
l I<, 1\0Jl l\ 1(0 l\ . , , I\
101
IIII Jl ll lJ KIIH. Jlll MYMKIIII )'. II IOllll11 " I'i <lHrall ; II II n8_llll u ( . <l I\ ll I\ '! , , II Jl311 . .ll ,l1 <l, .1 I\ 1\0- , l'i <l. !\JlO'1 , , I\'IIII, .l , .1 . . II II .'lII cal\ 'I (JI) .1 lIll 101'i0[m 5' u ,ll iilI.lII. 1\.011-
II .1l1II I\:I aJllIII IIl , aHoJ.l11 ,1! .
l'i II IlII II I\ . I'i.l,II.1. !) !) II, I 1'i.1llII.1<l
NaOH lI ll.l , f'4 lIHr l'i0pa II I [ ll l'i. Il.1IlII II i'I 11:1 3- . IOi'J I\;lI .1 !) ll ;.lII . I\. IIII , . Jl ll I"I I [ l\.mJ ll.1<111 , IIIllll l\:I<l .
l\ , I'i<l I'i ll l1 I\ I\ , lll\I1 III. KynpOI\ III ~' KopnYCJlII l\l1II ,:1 1',1lll I'iJlII . I\ 3:1I\ , II l'i II.
3lI, r I\II:lII, I'iI ll .II 1\11- ll , I'i.
; l'i '!I\"ll II . II 60 ll I\. ll l'iI1, ,
102
ti, , ,
<)Jl . YJlap I\ I\, I<; II, , I<; J .<) co~a JIIl<) I\JIJl.
2- §. JI "I\
] - Jl JlaI1raH JlJl JI JlIl. Jl I<; . I<;I<;, , JlII . )I Me;';II3T 1<.lIIl. I\ lIJIII i'II<; ! JI JI II III YCYJIJIa