Sour in tasteProduce H+ (hydrogen ions)Turns blue litmus redAcids + metals salt + hydrogen gasConduct electricityare corrosive (acid rain)Acid + base salt + water (neutralization)pH less than 7

• HCl - hydrochloric- stomach acid

• H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries

• HNO3

- nitric acid - explosives

• HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar

• H2CO3-carbonic acid - sodas

• H3PO4- phosphoric acid - flavorings

Examples of acids:

• Vinegar

• Lemon Juice

• Soft Drink

• Battery Acid

• Stomach Acid

• Apple Juice

• Black Tea

Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate

Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide

Bitter to tasteSoapy to touchWater soluble bases are called alkaliesAll alkalies are bases but all bases are not alkaliesTurns red litmus blue, phenolphthalein pink and methyl orange yellowBase + acid salt + waterpH greater than 7

• NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner• Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids

• Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants

• NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”

Examples of bases:

• Detergent

• Baking Soda

• Drain Cleaner

• Ammonia

• Soaps (hand, dish)

• Antacid

• Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate

• Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide

• These are items that are neither acids or bases.

• Neutral items will turn blue and red litmus paper green.

• The main example of a neutral item is: Pure Water

Indicator Acid color

Neutral color

Base color

Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink

Bromthymol blue

Yellow Green Blue

Litmus Red ----- Blue

• Red litmus paper

• Blue litmus paper

• pH

• Red Cabbage Juice

•Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper

•certain plant extracts, such as litmus, can be used to distinguish acids from bases.

• blue and red litmus paper turn red when dipped in an acid

• red and blue litmus paper turn blue when exposed to a base

• pH is the measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

• The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14

• 1 through 6 being acidic

• 7 is considered neutral

• 8 through 14 being basic

the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration of an aqueous solution; used to express acidity.

• red cabbage can be used as an acid/base indicator

• after boiling the red cabbage, pour a small amount of the juice into a small sample of a substance your checking

• the juice will turn blue if the substance is a base

• the juice will turn red if the substance is an acid

• A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base.

• Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.

• One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction• Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4

• A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.

• Example H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O

• Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances.

• Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth)

• Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)

• Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars.

• Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.

• Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them

• ACID - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts.

• BASE - A class of compounds that taste bitter, feel slippery in water solution, turn red litmus to blue, and react with acids to form salts.

• NEUTRAL - These are items that are neither acids or bases. There are 4 main ways to determine if a substance is and acid or a base. They are: Red litmus paper, Blue litmus paper, pH, and Red Cabbage Juice.