第三章 关系数据库标准语言 sql

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第三章 关系数据库标准语言 SQL. 3.1 SQL 概述 3.2 学生课程数据库 3.3 数据定义 3.4 数据查询 3.5 数据更新 3.6 视图. 3.1 SQL 概述. 一、 SQL 的产生与发展 1974 年 IBM 圣约瑟实验室的 Boyce 和 Chamberlin 为关系数据库管理系统设计的一种查询语言,当时称为 SEQUEL 语言 ( Structured English Query Language ),后简称为 SQL ; 1986 年 ANSI( 美国国家标准局 ) 着手制定 SQL 标准 -SQL86 ; - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SQL
SQL
1986ANSI()SQL-SQL86

SQL
3.1 SQL

SQL

SQL
3.2 SQL

SQL


SQL
CREATE TABLE TAB1

SQL

SQL

SQL

[5] “”StudentSnoSnameSsexSageSdept


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CREATE TABLE SC
);

SQL

SQL

SQL

SQL

ALTER TABLE Student ADD Scome DATE

[9]

[10]

SQL
RESTRICT:
CASCADE

SQL

SQL
ON <>(<>[<>][,<>[<>] ]…)
<>
UNIQUE
CLUSTER

SQL

[13]
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX SCno ON SC(Sno ASCCno DESC)

UNIQUE

SQL

StudentSnameStudentSname

SQL

SQL
SELECT
FROM()
WHERE
HAVING

SQL
-
Student
Course
SC
Course(CnoCnameCpnoCcredit)
SC(SnoCnoGrade)

SQL
[2]
2.
FROM Student

SQL
3.

Sname
2006-Sage

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SQL
ISLOWER(Sdept)

SQL
ISLOWER(Sdept) DEPARTMENT
FROM Student

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FROM SC;

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2.
WHERE

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SQL
SELECT SnameSdeptSage
[11] 20~23
SELECT SnameSdeptSage
An Introduction to Database System

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SELECT SnameSsex
SELECT SnameSsex

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An Introduction to Database System

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“IS NULL” “= NULL”
[21]
SELECT SnoCno FROM SC
WHERE Grade IS NULL

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An Introduction to Database System

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SELECT SnameSsex
An Introduction to Database System

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SELECT SnameSdeptSage

An Introduction to Database System

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Sno
Grade
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200215129
200215121
92
200215123
90
200215125
88
200215132
85
200215131
60

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An Introduction to Database System

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(NESTED-LOOP)
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FROM StudentSC
WHERE Student.Sno = SC.Sno

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WHERE FIRST.Cpno = SECOND.Cno

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——FULL JOIN ON
FROM Student LEFT OUT JOIN SC ON (Student.SNO=SC.SNO)
FROM Student LEFT OUT JOIN SC USINGSno;


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SC.Cno= ‘ 2 ’ AND /* */

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FROM StudentSCCourse

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WHERE S1.Sdept = S2.Sdept AND

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FROM Student SnoSname
WHERE Sno IN
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SELECT SnoSnameSdept

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FROM Student

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ANYALL
ANYALL

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3.
SELECT SnoSnameSdept

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≡ (y (( p∨ q)

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SELECT *

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[<2’> [ASC|DESC] ] … ]

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(SELECT) (SELECT)

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(6) [NOT] EXISTS (SELECT)

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3.5.1

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3.5.1

VALUES (<1> [<2>] … )

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VALUES (‘ 200215126 ’‘'''18‘CS')
[1] :200215128IS18Student
INSERT

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[WHERE <>]
WHERE

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WHERE

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DBMS




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ORDER BY DISTINCT
An Introduction to Database System

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:
SELECT
:

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AS

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AS

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AS

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AS SELECT *
FROM Student
AS
FROM Student

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An Introduction to Database System

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SC.Cno= '1'

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AS

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An Introduction to Database System

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VALUES(‘200215129'''20'IS' )

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An Introduction to Database System

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AS

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DB2
(3)

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“”
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FROM SXSY
WHERE SX.Sno=SY.Sno

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FROM SC
An Introduction to Database System