statements - software ag...example.....105 18callnat.....107 function.....108
TRANSCRIPT
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Natural for Mainframes
Statements
Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes
October 2009
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This document applies to Natural Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes and to all subsequent releases.
Specifications contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release notes or new editions.
Copyright © Software AG 1979-2009. All rights reserved.
The name SoftwareAG,webMethods and all SoftwareAGproduct names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of SoftwareAGand/or Software AG USA, Inc. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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Table of Contents
1 Statements ....................................................................................................................... 12 Syntax Symbols and Operand Definition Tables ............................................................ 3
Syntax Symbols .......................................................................................................... 4Operand Definition Table .......................................................................................... 5
3 Statement Usage Related Topics ..................................................................................... 94 Statements Grouped by Functions ................................................................................ 11
Database Access and Update ................................................................................... 12Arithmetic and Data Movement Operations ........................................................... 14Loop Execution ......................................................................................................... 14Creation of Output Reports ...................................................................................... 15Screen Generation for Interactive Processing .......................................................... 15Processing of Logical Conditions ............................................................................. 16Invoking Programs and Routines ............................................................................ 16Program and Session Termination ........................................................................... 17Control of Work Files / PC Files ............................................................................... 17Component Based Programming ............................................................................. 17Memory Management Control for Dynamic Variables or X-Arrays ....................... 18Natural Remote Procedure Call ............................................................................... 18Internet and XML ..................................................................................................... 18Miscellaneous ........................................................................................................... 18Reporting Mode Statements ..................................................................................... 19Statements Available with Predict Case and Entire DB ........................................... 20
5 ACCEPT/REJECT .......................................................................................................... 21Function .................................................................................................................... 22Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 22Processing of Multiple ACCEPT/REJECT Statements ............................................. 23Limit Notation .......................................................................................................... 23Hold Status ............................................................................................................... 23Examples .................................................................................................................. 23
6 ADD ............................................................................................................................... 27Function .................................................................................................................... 28Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 28Example .................................................................................................................... 30
7 ASSIGN ......................................................................................................................... 338 AT BREAK ..................................................................................................................... 35
Function .................................................................................................................... 36Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 37Multiple Break Levels .............................................................................................. 38Examples .................................................................................................................. 39
9 AT END OF DATA ........................................................................................................ 43Function .................................................................................................................... 44Restrictions ............................................................................................................... 45Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 45
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Example .................................................................................................................... 4610 AT END OF PAGE ....................................................................................................... 49
Function .................................................................................................................... 50Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 52Example .................................................................................................................... 52
11 AT START OF DATA ................................................................................................... 55Function .................................................................................................................... 56Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 57Example .................................................................................................................... 57
12 AT TOP OF PAGE ........................................................................................................ 59Function .................................................................................................................... 60Restriction ................................................................................................................. 61Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 61Example .................................................................................................................... 62
13 BACKOUT TRANSACTION ....................................................................................... 65Function .................................................................................................................... 66Restriction ................................................................................................................. 67Database-Specific Considerations ............................................................................ 67Example .................................................................................................................... 67
14 BEFORE BREAK PROCESSING .................................................................................. 69Function .................................................................................................................... 70Restrictions ............................................................................................................... 71Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 71Example .................................................................................................................... 71
15 CALL ........................................................................................................................... 73Function .................................................................................................................... 74Syntax Description ................................................................................................... 74Return Code ............................................................................................................. 75Register Usage .......................................................................................................... 75Storage Alignment ................................................................................................... 76Adabas Calls ............................................................................................................. 76Direct/Dynamic Loading .......................................................................................... 77Linkage Conventions ............................................................................................... 78Calling a PL/I Program ............................................................................................. 81Calling a C Program ................................................................................................. 83INTERFACE4 ........................................................................................................... 87
16 CALL FILE ................................................................................................................... 99Function .................................................................................................................. 100Restriction ............................................................................................................... 100Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 101Example .................................................................................................................. 101
17 CALL LOOP ............................................................................................................... 103Function .................................................................................................................. 104Restriction ............................................................................................................... 104Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 105
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Example .................................................................................................................. 10518 CALLNAT .................................................................................................................. 107
Function .................................................................................................................. 108Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 109Parameter Transfer with Dynamic Variables ......................................................... 111Examples ................................................................................................................ 112
19 CLOSE CONVERSATION ......................................................................................... 115Function .................................................................................................................. 116Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 116Further Information and Examples ........................................................................ 117
20 CLOSE PC FILE ......................................................................................................... 119Function .................................................................................................................. 120Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 120Example .................................................................................................................. 120
21 CLOSE PRINTER ....................................................................................................... 123Function .................................................................................................................. 124Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 124Example .................................................................................................................. 125
22 CLOSE WORK FILE .................................................................................................. 127Function .................................................................................................................. 128Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 128Example .................................................................................................................. 128
23 COMPOSE ................................................................................................................. 131Function .................................................................................................................. 132Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 133Formatting Process ................................................................................................. 143Dialog Mode ........................................................................................................... 144Non-Natural Programs .......................................................................................... 145Examples ................................................................................................................ 146
24 COMPRESS ................................................................................................................ 153Function .................................................................................................................. 154Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 154Processing ............................................................................................................... 158Examples ................................................................................................................ 158
25 COMPUTE ................................................................................................................. 163Function .................................................................................................................. 164Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 166Result Precision of a Division ................................................................................. 168SUBSTRING Option ............................................................................................... 168Examples ................................................................................................................ 168
26 CREATE OBJECT ....................................................................................................... 171Function .................................................................................................................. 172Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 172
27 DECIDE FOR ............................................................................................................. 175Function .................................................................................................................. 176
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Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 176Examples ................................................................................................................ 177
28 DECIDE ON ............................................................................................................... 179Function .................................................................................................................. 180Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 180Examples ................................................................................................................ 181
29 DEFINE CLASS .......................................................................................................... 185Function .................................................................................................................. 186Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 186
30 DEFINE DATA ........................................................................................................... 18931 Syntax Overview ........................................................................................................ 191
General Syntax ....................................................................................................... 192Basic Syntax Elements ............................................................................................ 192
32 DEFINE DATA - General ........................................................................................... 197Function .................................................................................................................. 198Rules ....................................................................................................................... 198Programming Modes .............................................................................................. 198Further Information ................................................................................................ 199
33 Defining Local Data ................................................................................................... 201Function .................................................................................................................. 202Restriction ............................................................................................................... 202Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 202
34 Defining Global Data ................................................................................................. 205Function .................................................................................................................. 206Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 206
35 Defining Parameter Data ........................................................................................... 207Function .................................................................................................................. 208Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 208Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 208
36 Defining Application-Independent Variables ........................................................... 213Function .................................................................................................................. 214Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 214
37 Defining Context Variables for Natural RPC ............................................................ 217Function .................................................................................................................. 218Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 219Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 219
38 Defining NaturalX Objects ......................................................................................... 221Function .................................................................................................................. 222Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 222
39 Variable Definition ..................................................................................................... 225Function .................................................................................................................. 226Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 226
40 View Definition .......................................................................................................... 229Function .................................................................................................................. 230Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 230
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41 Redefinition ................................................................................................................ 235Function .................................................................................................................. 236Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 236Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 236
42 Handle Definition ...................................................................................................... 239Function .................................................................................................................. 240Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 240
43 Array Dimension Definition ...................................................................................... 243Function .................................................................................................................. 244Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 244
44 Initial-Value Definition .............................................................................................. 247Function .................................................................................................................. 248Restriction ............................................................................................................... 248Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 248
45 Initial/Constant Values for an Array ......................................................................... 251Function .................................................................................................................. 252Restriction ............................................................................................................... 252Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 252
46 EM, HD, PM Parameters for Field/Variable .............................................................. 255Function .................................................................................................................. 256Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 256
47 Examples of DEFINE DATA Statement Usage .......................................................... 257Example 1 - DEFINE DATA LOCAL (Direct Data Definition) .............................. 258Example 2 - DEFINE DATA LOCAL (Array Definition/Initialization) ................. 258Example 3 - DEFINE DATA (View Definition, Array Redefinition) ...................... 259Example 4 - DEFINE DATA (Global, Parameter and Local Data Areas) ............... 260Example 5 - DEFINE DATA (Initialization) ........................................................... 261Example 6 - DEFINE DATA (Variable Array) ........................................................ 262
48 DEFINE PRINTER ..................................................................................................... 265Function .................................................................................................................. 266Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 267Printer Name under z/OS Batch, TSO and Server ................................................. 270Printer Name under z/VSE Batch ........................................................................... 273Printer Name under VM/CMS ............................................................................... 274Printer Name under BS2000/OSD Batch and TIAM .............................................. 275Printer Name under CICS ...................................................................................... 281Printer Name under Com-plete ............................................................................. 281Printer Name under Com-plete/SMARTS ............................................................. 281Printer Names under Natural Advanced Facilities ................................................ 282Printer Name for Additional Reports .................................................................... 282Examples ................................................................................................................ 283
49 DEFINE SUBROUTINE ............................................................................................. 285Function .................................................................................................................. 286Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 286Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 287
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Data Available in a Subroutine ............................................................................... 288Examples ................................................................................................................ 288
50 DEFINE WINDOW .................................................................................................... 291Function .................................................................................................................. 292Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 293Protection of Input Fields in a Window ................................................................. 297Invoking Different Windows ................................................................................. 297Example .................................................................................................................. 297
51 DEFINE WORK FILE ................................................................................................. 299Function .................................................................................................................. 300Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 300Work File Name under z/OS Batch, TSO and Server ............................................. 302Work File Name under z/VSE Batch ...................................................................... 305Work File Name under VM/CMS ........................................................................... 305Work File Name under BS2000/OSD Batch and TIAM .......................................... 306Work File Name under CICS .................................................................................. 310Work File Name under Com-plete/SMARTS ......................................................... 311
52 DELETE ...................................................................................................................... 313Function .................................................................................................................. 314Restriction ............................................................................................................... 314Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 314Database-Specific Considerations .......................................................................... 315Examples ................................................................................................................ 315
53 DISPLAY .................................................................................................................... 317Function .................................................................................................................. 318Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 318Defaults Applicable for a DISPLAY Statement ...................................................... 329Examples ................................................................................................................ 330
54 DIVIDE ....................................................................................................................... 337Function .................................................................................................................. 338Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 338Example .................................................................................................................. 341
55 DO/DOEND ............................................................................................................... 343Function .................................................................................................................. 344Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 344Example .................................................................................................................. 345
56 DOWNLOAD PC FILE .............................................................................................. 347Function .................................................................................................................. 348Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 348Examples ................................................................................................................ 349
57 EJECT ......................................................................................................................... 351Function .................................................................................................................. 352Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 352Processing ............................................................................................................... 354Example .................................................................................................................. 354
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58 END ........................................................................................................................... 357Function .................................................................................................................. 358Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 358Examples ................................................................................................................ 359
59 END TRANSACTION ............................................................................................... 361Function .................................................................................................................. 362Restriction ............................................................................................................... 362Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 363Databases Affected ................................................................................................. 363Database-Specific Considerations .......................................................................... 364Examples ................................................................................................................ 364
60 ESCAPE ...................................................................................................................... 367Function .................................................................................................................. 368Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 369Example .................................................................................................................. 370
61 EXAMINE .................................................................................................................. 373Syntax 1 - EXAMINE .............................................................................................. 374Syntax 2 - EXAMINE TRANSLATE ....................................................................... 379Syntax 3 - EXAMINE for Unicode Graphemes ...................................................... 380Examples ................................................................................................................ 383
62 EXPAND .................................................................................................................... 389Function .................................................................................................................. 390Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 390
63 FETCH ....................................................................................................................... 395Function .................................................................................................................. 396Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 397Example .................................................................................................................. 398
64 FIND .......................................................................................................................... 401Function .................................................................................................................. 402Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 404Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 404Examples ................................................................................................................ 426
65 FOR ............................................................................................................................ 437Function .................................................................................................................. 438Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 438Example .................................................................................................................. 439
66 FORMAT .................................................................................................................... 441Function .................................................................................................................. 442Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 442Applicable Parameters ........................................................................................... 443Example .................................................................................................................. 444
67 GET ............................................................................................................................ 447Function .................................................................................................................. 448Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 448Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 449
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Example .................................................................................................................. 45068 GET SAME ................................................................................................................. 453
Function .................................................................................................................. 454Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 454Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 455Example .................................................................................................................. 455
69 GET TRANSACTION DATA ..................................................................................... 457Function .................................................................................................................. 458Restriction ............................................................................................................... 459Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 459Example .................................................................................................................. 459
70 HISTOGRAM ............................................................................................................. 461Function .................................................................................................................. 462Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 463Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 463Examples ................................................................................................................ 469
71 IF ................................................................................................................................ 473Function .................................................................................................................. 474Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 474Example .................................................................................................................. 475
72 IF SELECTION ........................................................................................................... 477Function .................................................................................................................. 478Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 478Example .................................................................................................................. 479
73 IGNORE ..................................................................................................................... 481Function .................................................................................................................. 482Example .................................................................................................................. 482
74 INCLUDE ................................................................................................................... 483Function .................................................................................................................. 484Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 484Examples ................................................................................................................ 485
75 INPUT ........................................................................................................................ 491Function .................................................................................................................. 492Input Modes ........................................................................................................... 492Entering Data in Response to an INPUT Statement .............................................. 493SB - Selection Box ................................................................................................... 496Error Correction ..................................................................................................... 496Split-Screen Feature ................................................................................................ 496System Variables with the INPUT Statement ......................................................... 497
76 INPUT Syntax 1 - Dynamic Screen Layout Specification .......................................... 499INPUT Syntax 1 - Description ................................................................................ 500Examples - Syntax 1 ................................................................................................ 509
77 INPUT Syntax 2 - Using Predefined Map Layout ..................................................... 513INPUT USING MAP without Parameter List ........................................................ 514INPUT Fields Defined in the Program ................................................................... 515
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INPUT Syntax 2 - Description ................................................................................ 515Using the INPUT Statement in Non-Screen Modes ............................................... 516Processing Data from the Natural Stack ................................................................ 518Using the INPUT Statement in Batch Mode .......................................................... 518
78 INTERFACE ............................................................................................................... 521Function .................................................................................................................. 522Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 522
79 LIMIT ......................................................................................................................... 529Function .................................................................................................................. 530Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 531Examples ................................................................................................................ 531
80 LOOP ......................................................................................................................... 533Function .................................................................................................................. 534Restriction ............................................................................................................... 534Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 534Examples ................................................................................................................ 535
81 METHOD ................................................................................................................... 537Function .................................................................................................................. 538Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 538Example .................................................................................................................. 539
82 MOVE ........................................................................................................................ 543Function .................................................................................................................. 544Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 545Examples ................................................................................................................ 556
83 MOVE ALL ................................................................................................................ 561Function .................................................................................................................. 562Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 562Example .................................................................................................................. 563
84 MOVE INDEXED ....................................................................................................... 56585 MULTIPLY ................................................................................................................. 567
Function .................................................................................................................. 568Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 568Example .................................................................................................................. 570
86 NEWPAGE ................................................................................................................. 573Function .................................................................................................................. 574Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 574Example .................................................................................................................. 575
87 OBTAIN ..................................................................................................................... 579Function .................................................................................................................. 580Restriction ............................................................................................................... 580Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 581Examples ................................................................................................................ 585
88 ON ERROR ................................................................................................................ 589Function .................................................................................................................. 590Restriction ............................................................................................................... 590
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Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 591ON ERROR Processing within Subroutines ........................................................... 591System Variables *ERROR-NR and *ERROR-LINE ............................................... 591Example .................................................................................................................. 592
89 OPEN CONVERSATION ........................................................................................... 593Function .................................................................................................................. 594Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 594Further Information and Examples ........................................................................ 595
90 OPTIONS ................................................................................................................... 597Function .................................................................................................................. 598Processing of Multiple OPTIONS Statements ........................................................ 598
91 PARSE XML ............................................................................................................... 599Function .................................................................................................................. 600Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 601Examples ................................................................................................................ 603
92 PASSW ....................................................................................................................... 609Function .................................................................................................................. 610Restriction ............................................................................................................... 611Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 611Example .................................................................................................................. 612
93 PERFORM .................................................................................................................. 613Function .................................................................................................................. 614Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 614Examples ................................................................................................................ 617
94 PERFORM BREAK PROCESSING ............................................................................ 621Function .................................................................................................................. 622Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 622Example .................................................................................................................. 623
95 PRINT ........................................................................................................................ 625Function .................................................................................................................. 626Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 627Example .................................................................................................................. 632
96 PROCESS ................................................................................................................... 635Function .................................................................................................................. 636Restriction ............................................................................................................... 636Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 636
97 PROCESS COMMAND ............................................................................................. 639Function .................................................................................................................. 641Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 641DDM: COMMAND ................................................................................................ 652Examples ................................................................................................................ 653
98 PROCESS PAGE ......................................................................................................... 655Function .................................................................................................................. 656Syntax 1 - PROCESS PAGE .................................................................................... 656Syntax 2 - PROCESS PAGE USING ........................................................................ 659
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Syntax 3 - PROCESS PAGE UPDATE .................................................................... 661Syntax 4 - PROCESS PAGE MODAL ..................................................................... 664Examples ................................................................................................................ 666
99 PROPERTY ................................................................................................................ 667Function .................................................................................................................. 668Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 668Example .................................................................................................................. 669
100 READ ....................................................................................................................... 671Function .................................................................................................................. 672Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 673System Variables Available with READ ................................................................. 682Examples ................................................................................................................ 683
101 READ WORK FILE .................................................................................................. 691Function .................................................................................................................. 692Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 693Field Lengths .......................................................................................................... 696Handling of Large and Dynamic Variables ............................................................ 696Example .................................................................................................................. 697
102 REDEFINE ............................................................................................................... 699Function .................................................................................................................. 700Restriction ............................................................................................................... 700Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 700Examples ................................................................................................................ 701
103 REDUCE ................................................................................................................... 703Function .................................................................................................................. 704Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 704
104 REINPUT ................................................................................................................. 709Function .................................................................................................................. 710Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 711Examples ................................................................................................................ 716
105 REJECT ..................................................................................................................... 721106 RELEASE .................................................................................................................. 723
Function .................................................................................................................. 724Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 724Example .................................................................................................................. 725
107 REPEAT .................................................................................................................... 727Function .................................................................................................................. 728Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 728Examples ................................................................................................................ 729
108 REQUEST DOCUMENT .......................................................................................... 733Function .................................................................................................................. 734Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 735Encoding of Incoming/Outgoing Data ................................................................... 743Examples ................................................................................................................ 746
109 RESET ....................................................................................................................... 749
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Function .................................................................................................................. 750Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 750Example .................................................................................................................. 751
110 RESIZE ..................................................................................................................... 753Function .................................................................................................................. 754Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 754
111 RETRY ...................................................................................................................... 759Function .................................................................................................................. 760Restriction ............................................................................................................... 760Example .................................................................................................................. 760
112 RUN ......................................................................................................................... 763Function .................................................................................................................. 764Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 764Dynamic Source Text Creation/Execution .............................................................. 765Example .................................................................................................................. 766
113 SEND METHOD ...................................................................................................... 769Function .................................................................................................................. 770Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 770Example .................................................................................................................. 773
114 SEPARATE ............................................................................................................... 781Function .................................................................................................................. 782Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 782Examples ................................................................................................................ 785
115 SET CONTROL ........................................................................................................ 789Function .................................................................................................................. 790Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 790Examples ................................................................................................................ 790
116 SET GLOBALS ......................................................................................................... 793Function .................................................................................................................. 794Parameters .............................................................................................................. 794Example .................................................................................................................. 796
117 SET KEY ................................................................................................................... 797Function .................................................................................................................. 798Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 798Making Keys Program-Sensitive and Deactivating Keys ...................................... 799Assigning Commands/Programs ........................................................................... 801Assigning Input DATA ........................................................................................... 801COMMAND OFF/ON ............................................................................................ 802Assigning HELP ..................................................................................................... 802DYNAMIC Option ................................................................................................. 803DISABLED Option ................................................................................................. 803SET KEY Statements on Different Program Levels ................................................ 804Assigning Names ................................................................................................... 806Example .................................................................................................................. 807
118 SET TIME ................................................................................................................. 809
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Function .................................................................................................................. 810Example .................................................................................................................. 810
119 SET WINDOW ......................................................................................................... 813Function .................................................................................................................. 814Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 814Example .................................................................................................................. 814
120 SKIP .......................................................................................................................... 815Function .................................................................................................................. 816Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 816Example .................................................................................................................. 817
121 SORT ........................................................................................................................ 819Function .................................................................................................................. 820Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 821Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 821Three-Phase SORT Processing ............................................................................... 823Example .................................................................................................................. 824Using External Sort Programs ................................................................................ 828
122 STACK ...................................................................................................................... 829Function .................................................................................................................. 830Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 830Example .................................................................................................................. 832
123 STOP ........................................................................................................................ 835Function .................................................................................................................. 836Example .................................................................................................................. 836
124 STORE ...................................................................................................................... 839Function .................................................................................................................. 840Database-Specific Considerations .......................................................................... 841Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 841Example .................................................................................................................. 843
125 SUBTRACT .............................................................................................................. 847Function .................................................................................................................. 848Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 848Example .................................................................................................................. 850
126 SUSPEND IDENTICAL SUPPRESS ......................................................................... 851Function .................................................................................................................. 852Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 852Examples ................................................................................................................ 852
127 TERMINATE ............................................................................................................ 857Function .................................................................................................................. 858Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 858Program Receiving Control after Termination ....................................................... 859Example .................................................................................................................. 859
128 UPDATE ................................................................................................................... 861Function .................................................................................................................. 862Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 863
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Database-Specific Considerations .......................................................................... 863Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 864Example .................................................................................................................. 865
129 UPLOAD PC FILE ................................................................................................... 867Function .................................................................................................................. 869Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 869Example .................................................................................................................. 870
130 WRITE ...................................................................................................................... 871Function .................................................................................................................. 872Syntax 1 - Dynamic Formatting ............................................................................. 872Syntax 1 - Description ............................................................................................ 873Syntax 2 - Using Predefined Form/Map ................................................................. 881Syntax 2 - Description ............................................................................................ 881Examples ................................................................................................................ 882
131 WRITE TITLE ........................................................................................................... 887Function .................................................................................................................. 888Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 889Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 889Example .................................................................................................................. 892
132 WRITE TRAILER ..................................................................................................... 895Function .................................................................................................................. 896Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 897Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 897Example .................................................................................................................. 900
133 WRITE WORK FILE ................................................................................................. 903Function .................................................................................................................. 904Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 904External Representation of Fields .......................................................................... 905Handling of Large and Dynamic Variables ............................................................ 906Example .................................................................................................................. 906
134 SQL Statements ........................................................................................................ 909135 Common Set and Extended Set ............................................................................... 911136 Basic Syntactical Items ............................................................................................. 913
Constants ................................................................................................................ 914Names ..................................................................................................................... 914Parameters .............................................................................................................. 917Natural Formats and SQL Data Types ................................................................... 920
137 Natural View Concept ............................................................................................. 923138 Scalar Expressions .................................................................................................... 925
Scalar Expression .................................................................................................... 926Scalar Operator ....................................................................................................... 926Factor ...................................................................................................................... 927
139 Search Condition ...................................................................................................... 933Search Condition .................................................................................................... 934Predicate ................................................................................................................. 934
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140 Select Expressions .................................................................................................... 939Selection .................................................................................................................. 940Table Expression ..................................................................................................... 941
141 Flexible SQL ............................................................................................................. 945Using Flexible SQL ................................................................................................. 946Specifying Text Variables in Flexible SQL .............................................................. 947
142 CALLDBPROC - SQL ............................................................................................... 949Function .................................................................................................................. 950Restriction ............................................................................................................... 951Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 951Example .................................................................................................................. 953
143 COMMIT - SQL ........................................................................................................ 955Function .................................................................................................................. 956Consideration for Non-Natural-Programs ............................................................. 956Example .................................................................................................................. 956
144 DELETE - SQL .......................................................................................................... 957Function .................................................................................................................. 958Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 958
145 INSERT - SQL ........................................................................................................... 961Function .................................................................................................................. 962Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 962Example .................................................................................................................. 968
146 PROCESS SQL .......................................................................................................... 969Function .................................................................................................................. 970Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 970Examples ................................................................................................................ 971
147 READ RESULT SET - SQL ....................................................................................... 973Function .................................................................................................................. 974Restriction ............................................................................................................... 974Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 975Example .................................................................................................................. 976
148 ROLLBACK - SQL .................................................................................................... 977Function .................................................................................................................. 978Consideration for Non-Natural Programs ............................................................. 978Example .................................................................................................................. 979
149 SELECT - SQL .......................................................................................................... 981Function .................................................................................................................. 982Syntax Description ................................................................................................. 982Join Queries ............................................................................................................ 994SELECT - Cursor-Oriented ..................................................................................... 995
150 UPDATE - SQL ....................................................................................................... 1005Function ................................................................................................................ 1006Syntax Description ................................................................................................ 1006Examples ............................................................................................................... 1009
151 Referenced Example Programs .............................................................................. 1011
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ASSIGN ................................................................................................................. 1012AT BREAK ............................................................................................................ 1013AT END OF DATA ............................................................................................... 1015AT END OF PAGE ................................................................................................ 1016AT START OF DATA ............................................................................................ 1016AT TOP OF PAGE ................................................................................................. 1018DEFINE SUBROUTINE ........................................................................................ 1019FIND ..................................................................................................................... 1020FOR ....................................................................................................................... 1022HISTOGRAM ....................................................................................................... 1023IF ........................................................................................................................... 1023PERFORM BREAK PROCESSING ....................................................................... 1025READ .................................................................................................................... 1026REPEAT ................................................................................................................ 1027SORT ..................................................................................................................... 1028STORE ................................................................................................................... 1029UPDATE ............................................................................................................... 1031Example Programs for System Variables ............................................................. 1032
Index ............................................................................................................................. 1037
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1 Statements
This documentation describes the Natural programming language statements. It is organizedunder the following headings:
Information on the symbols that are used within the diagrams thatdescribe the syntax of Natural statements and on operand definitiontables.
Syntax Symbols andOperandDefinitionTables
Provides a list of special topics in the Programming Guide.Statement Usage RelatedTopics
Provides an overview of the Natural statements ordered by functionalgroups.
Statements Grouped byFunctions
Descriptions of the statements (except SQL statements) in alphabeticalorder.
Statements in AlphabeticalOrder
Describes specific statements that can be used in Natural programs tomaintain data contained in an SQL database.
Natural SQL Statements
Contains additional example programs that are referenced in theNaturalstatements and system variables reference documentation.
Note:
Referenced ExamplePrograms
1. Generally, the example programs shown in the statement descriptionsare written in structured mode. For statements where thereporting-mode syntax differs considerably from the structured-modesyntax, references to equivalent reporting-mode examples are alsoprovided.
2. The example programs use data from the files EMPLOYEES andVEHICLES, which are supplied by Software AG for demonstrationpurposes.
3. The example programs are available in source-code form in theNaturallibrary SYSEXSYN.
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4. Further example programsof usingNatural statements are documentedin the section Referenced Example Programs in the Programming Guide.These example programs are provided in theNatural library SYSEXPG.
5. Please ask your Natural administrator about the availability of theselibraries at your site.
Statements2
Statements
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2 Syntax Symbols and Operand Definition Tables■ Syntax Symbols ................................................................................................................................ 4■ Operand Definition Table .................................................................................................................... 5
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Syntax Symbols
The following symbols are usedwithin the diagrams that describe the syntax ofNatural statements:
DescriptionSyntax Symbol
Upper-case letters indicate that the term is either aNatural keyword or aNatural reservedword that must be entered exactly as specified.
ABCDEF
If an optional term in upper-case letters is completely underlined (not a hyperlink!), thisindicates that the term is the default value. If you omit the term, the underlined valueapplies.
ABCDEF
If a term in upper-case letters is partially underlined (not a hyperlink!), this indicatesthat the underlined porti