名词性从句

--- 北京四中　方芳

Teaching Contents一、背景介绍 : Australia

二、口语训练 : Telephone calls

三、语法精讲：名词性从句 四、拓展训练

I. Background introduction: Australia

In land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation after Russia,Canada, China, the United States of America and Brazil. It has,however, a relatively small population.

Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent. Themainland is the largest island and the smallest, flattest continent onEarth. It lies between 10° and 39° South latitude.

Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth. Its fertile areasare well-watered, however, and these are used very effectively tohelp feed the world. The Australian federation consists of six Statesand two Territories. Most inland borders follow lines of longitudeand latitude. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same

size as Western Europe.

                                                                              

               

  Sydney Opera House Bondi Beach Parliament House, Canberra

Ayers Rock, Uluru the Great Barrier Reef St. Kilda, Melbourne

Sightseeing in Australia

Sydney

Most trips to Australia begin in the country’s oldest city, Sydney. Its urban scene is the hottest around, and with the wealth of superb dining, drinking and shopping venues. Sydney’s natural harbour with its opera house is an attraction in its own right.

Melbourne

In many ways, Melbourne summarizes Australia and its inhabitants. This bayside city is just as passionate for its rugby, cricket( 板球 ) and Aussie rules football as it is for its theatre and cultural arts. If you want a destination that is cosmopolitan, and crazy for sports all at the same time, Melbourne is your place.

Perth

One of the coolest and most remote cities in Australia isolated on the west coast of the country. Perth is also the ideal base for exploring some of Australia’s finest beaches, the Great Western Desert and other natural highlights virtually untouched by tourism

Great Barrier Reef

The only living entity visible from space is deservedly one of earth’s greatest treasures. More than 1,240 miles of colourful coral beds stretch along the eastern coast off Queensland. It’s the largest UNESCO World Heritage site on the planet and home to some 400 different species of coral, 1,500 species of fish and more than 30 historic shipwrecks. The snorkelling and scuba diving here is unparalleled due to the quality and diversity of the dive sites. If sea temperatures continue to rise, the reef may become little more than a memory making it a good idea to get here quick.

Uluru (Ayer’s Rock)The most famous image of the Australian outback( 人口稀少的地方 ) is this rock which rises mysteriously from the flat desert floor right in the heart of the country. Uluru has deep spiritual meaning to the aboriginals, and it’s easy to understand why. At dawn and dusk the brilliant desert sun casts spectacular hues of red and orange on the rock. The Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park protects this cultural treasure, providing good bush walks and information about the rock art of the site.

Typical animals in AustraliaTypical animals in Australia

1. sheep

2. koala

3. kangaroo

4. spider

5. snake

6. parrot

二、口语训练： Telephone callsDialogue 1 Taking a messageA: Hello, this is GLC; Steve speaking. Can I help you?B: May I please speak to Nancy?A: She’s on another line right now. Do you want to hold?B: Just tell her that Gillian called.A: Okay. And how do I spell that name?B: G-I-L-L-I-A-N.A: Okay, and does she have your number?B: No, she doesn’t.A: Can I get that?B: It’s area code 8-1-8.A: 8-1-8.B: 4-4-2.A: 4-4-2.B: 6-4-2-5.A: 6-4-2-5. Okay. I’ll let her know that you called.B: Excellent.A: Alright, thank you very much.B: Thank you.A: Bye bye.

Dialogue 2 A business callA: Good afternoon. ABC Imports. May I help you?B: Yes, may I please speak to Mr. James Johnson>A: Well, Mr. Johnson isn’t available right now. Would you like to leave a message?B: Yes, this is Richard Alexander with Star Electronics. It’s very important that he

returns my call this afternoon.A: Where can he reach you, sir?B: He can reach me at my office today. I’ll be in most of the day. If I am not at my

desk, he can page me.A: Well, does he have your office number and your pager number?B: I think so, but let me give it to you again.A: Okay.B: My office number is area code 714-555-2000; my pager number is area code 909-

555-2308.He can reach me at either one of those number before 6 p.m. today.A: Okay. Well, thanks. I will give him your message as soon as he returns to the

office.B: Well, thank you very much.A: You’re welcome.

Dialogue 3 A freeway emergency callO=operator J: Jeff Barnett B: Bob Sanchez

O: May I have your name, please?J: Yes, my name is Jeff Barnett.O: What is the nature( 性质 ) of your emergency?J: My car broke down. I want to call my friend for help.O: Okay. May you tell me the telephone number?J: Yes, the name is Bob Sanchez, and the number is 888-229-6560.B: Hello?J: Hi, Bob? This is Jeff. My car broke down, and I need some help.B: Where are you?J: I’m on the San Bernaidino Freeway, going west to LosAngeles, at Call Box Numb

er （高速公路电话） 10-257.B: What do you think is wrong with the car?J: I think it’s the radiator （散热器） . It’s overheated.B: Okay, I’ll bring some coolant( 冷却剂 ) with me, and I will be there in about fifte

en minutes.J: Thanks!

语法精讲 名词性从句

一、分类主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。

注：名词性从句必须是陈述句语序。

The problem is what he has done to the little boy.

二、具体用法

1 、主语从句陈述句 , 由 that 来引导。That you are coming to London is the best news I’ve heard.

主语较长时，多在句子的后面，用 it 为形式主语。It + be/seem/happen + adj./n./pp. + that It is probable that he told her everything.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is said that Jack drives badly. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.

* 疑问句，由特殊疑问词来引导。

When we arrive doesn’t matter.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work.Whichever you want is yours.

1. ______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （ 06 浙江）

A. As B. That C. This D. It 2. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championshi

ps. （ 06 山东）A. No matter what B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever

3. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (08 浙江 ) A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who

4.It was after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important. （ 06 辽宁）A. that B. when C. since D. as

5. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (08 福建 ) A. It B. What C. As D. Which

2 、宾语从句Do you think my clothes fit well?( 动宾 )

Are you sorry for what you’ve done? ( 介宾 )

I am sure you looked beautiful that evening.

( 形容词的宾语）I am not sure whether he still works here.

We’ll do whatever we can to save her.

Take whichever seat you like.

另外有形式宾语 it 的形式We thought it strange that Mike did not come yesterday.

1. --- Could you do me a favour? --- It depends on ______ it is. (06 北京 ) A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 2. ---What did your parents think about your decision? ---They always let me do _______ I think I should. (06 全国 3)

A. whenB. that C. how D. what 3. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to

study abroad. （ 06 江苏） A. if B. where C. whether D. that 4. Could I speak to--------- is in charge of International Sales ,please? (07

山东 )A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who

5. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ___ their parents speak at home. (08 浙江 ) A. what B. that C. which D. one

3 、表语从句一般结构是“主＋系＋表”。连系动词有 be, remain, seem 等。

The truth is that I have never been there.The reason was that you don’t trust him.That’s what we are here for.The point is whether we should recommend him.But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

1. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning. (06 全国 1)A. when B. which C. where D. what

2. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. (08 天津 )

A. where B. how C. when D. why 3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain i

s “programmed” to make us do so. (07 上海 ) A. when B. why C. whether D. that4. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the

best jobs are. (07 浙江 ) A. where B. what C. when D. why

4 ． 同位语从句跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后（如 news, idea, informati

on, fact, hope, thought, belief 等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容 .引导同位语从句的连接词通常有 that, whether 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 。。

We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.I received a message that she would be late.There was little hope that they would survive.The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. ( 同位语从句可以和名词分开 )He had no idea why she left.There is some doubt whether he will come.( 在少数情况下也可用连接副词引导 )

同位语从句1. Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn f

rom others. （ 06 上海春）A. which B. that C. when D. why

2. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. （ 06 天津）A. that B. which C. until D. if

3. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? (08 陕西 )

A. what B. which C. that D. where

4 ． A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday ．（ 07 广东）A. if B. when C. that D. which

三、注意事项1 、 that 和 what 都可以引导名词性从句，但 that 是连接词，本

身无词义， what 是连接代词，在从句中充当一定的成份。

That he stole a bike was true. The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.

2 、第二个宾语从句和其他名词性从句若由 that 引导，都不能省略。

3 、 whether 和 if 只有在宾语从句中没有 or not 的情况下才可互换，否则一律用 whether 。 I don’t care about whether you have money or not.

Whether to go out or stay at home is still under discussion.

4 、特殊疑问词 -ever 系列既能引导名词性从句，又可以引导状语从句，但 no matter + 特殊疑问词只能引导状语从句。

Whoever breaks the law should be punished

You should be punished if you break the law, whoever/ no matter who you are.

5 、 doubt 用于肯定结构时，后面用 whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.Are you sure he will come today?

拓展训练1. ____you don’t like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How2. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for3. The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.

A. which B. where C. if D. that 4. There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t kno

w _____. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose

5. What I want to know is _____or not he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D. 不填

网上答题6. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.

A. because his mother is ill

B. because of his mother’s being ill

C. that his mother is ill

D. for his mother is ill

7. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

A. what B. that C. why D. when

8. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

A. whether B. where C. that D. when

That’s all for today, and see you next time!

• P18DDCAB

• P20CDCCA

• p22DCDA

• P24 BADC• P27 1-5 BCABC

P28 ？？？