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Text Study

Idea Sharing

Notes to the Text Words and Expressions

Writing

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Understanding

Reproduction

Structure Analysis

Summary

3 8 Text Study—Structure Analysis

I. Structure Analysis

Event & Responses +Puzzles & Discussion+ Reiteration

The Writing Model of the Text:

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1. Event & Responses

EventEvent the success of cloning an adult the success of cloning an adult mammalmammal

Para.1

ResponseResponse 1. President Clinton ordered…2. Leaders in Europe began…

Paras.2~3

Text Study—Structure Analysis

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2. Puzzles & Discussion

Puzzle 1Puzzle 1 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?

Para.4

DiscussionDiscussion Most experts consider… Para. 5

Puzzle 2Puzzle 2 Will it be possible to clone the dead? Para. 6

DiscussionDiscussion Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert …

Para.7


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Puzzle 3Puzzle 3 Would a cloned human be identical to the original?

Para. 8

DiscussionDiscussion Most of the physical differences between… Para.10

Puzzle 4aPuzzle 4a What if parents decided to clone a childin order to harvest organs?

Para.11

DiscussionDiscussion Most experts agree that… Para.12

Puzzle 4bPuzzle 4b What if cloned animals could be used asorgan donors?

Para.13

DiscussionDiscussion … But the human body attacks and … Para.13


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Puzzle 5Puzzle 5 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?

Para.14

DiscussionDiscussion …Judith Martin, in her writings… Paras.15~16

Puzzle 6Puzzle 6 What are the other implications ofcloning for society?

Para.17

DiscussionDiscussion …Specifically, some experts areconcerned about…

Para.18


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3. Reiteration (Para.19)

Although the list of questions could go on, people just begin to wonder about the future ofthe world after cloning.


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II. UnderstandingAnswer the questions from the text…

Text Study—Understanding

3 8 Text Study—Understanding

Part I. The News (Para. 1)

1. What’s the news?

Lan Wilmut and his colleagues s

uccessfully cloned a sheep

named Dolly.


Part I. The News (Para. 1)

2. What did the success mean?

A world with human clones

was suddenly within reach.

Related NewsRelated News


Part II. The Responses (Paras. 2-3)3. What was the response from governments?

They hurried to draft guidelines.


Part II. The Responses (Paras. 2-3)

4. What was the response from President Clinton?

He ordered to study the legal and moral implicationof cloning.


Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 4-5)

5. What was the response from scientists and others?

They had a long list of difficult puzzles about the appearance of Dolly.



6. Why would anyone want to clone a human being?

Parents want to ____________________ ________________________.

Adults might want to _________________________________.

provide transplants for a

dying child or to replace him

various reasons clone themselves for




Yes, if the body is fresh.

7. Will it be possible to clone the dead?



Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 8-10)8. Would a cloned human be identical

to the original?

in appearance

YeYess

NNoo

in personalities


(Paras. 8-10)

identical genes

identical people

WhyWhy??

8. Would a cloned human be identical

to the original?


Because personality is heavily influenced by life experience and environment.

(Paras. 8-10)



9. What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?

For the cloned child, it’d be ____________________.

For cloned animals,it’d be _____.

psychologically harmful

OK



10. How should a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?

the the originaorigina

ll

Father ?Mother ?



11. What are the other implications of cloning for society?

Whether the cloned are humanor not will ___________.cause debate


Part IV. summary and expectation. (Paras. 19)

12. Is the list of questions finished?

No, it is just the beginning…

3 8 Text Study—Summary

III. Summary

With the success of cloning an adult mammal, a world with human clones was suddenly __________. Governments hurried to _____________ for an unknown future. At the same time, cloning has generated a long list of _____________ for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. Six puzzles or questions on the issue of cloning are listed. They are about the _____________ implications of cloning. People are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world aftercloning.

withindraft guidelines

difficult puzzles

legal and moral

reach

3 8 Text Study—Reproduction

IV. Reproduction

Suppose you were the scientist who clonedthe mammal and would persuade the board of a big biotech company to invest your program of human cloning. Explain the necessity and the potential benefit of cloning.Tips

1. Saving lives…2. Huge market…

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A sample beginning

Text Study—Reproduction

Ladies and gentlemen, before revolutionary breakthroughs, some will choose to see the darker side. They hesitate; they retreat and they run away; here, we, leaders of the industry will choose to see the brighter side, welcome the chance and embrace the challenge. Some will choose to see dangers and stop before anything should happen; we here, will choose to see the opportunities and move

onward to save lives…

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Focus Study

Active Expressions

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I. Active Expressions

Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

In English, you may find some expressions formed by very common words, but they

are active and powerful.

• What’s on at the cinema tonight?

今晚电影院上演什么？• What’s he up to?

他忙什么呢 ?

e.g.e.g.

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1. It was science fiction coming to life.

2. In the wake of this announcement, governments

hurried to draft guidelines …

3. Why would anyone want to clone a human being

in the first place?

4. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be,

… and so forth.

Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

Find out the active expressions:

3 8 Notes to the Text—Active Expressions

come to life be alive or vivid

in the wake of happening after an event or as a result of it

in the first place at first; at the beginning

and so forth used at the end of a list to show that you would continue in the same way

Active Expressions


1. 我一提到去国外旅游，孩子们顿时显得兴致勃勃。2. 发生炸弹爆炸事件后，机场特别加强了安全防范工作。3. 首先，他做事没长性。4. 他们出售钢笔、铅笔、纸张等等。

TranslationTranslation


1. When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad,

the kids came to life at once.

2. Airport security was particularly tight in the

wake of bomb attacks.

3. In the first place, he never sticks to things long.

4. They sell pens, pencils, paper and so forth.

More Practice

KeyKey


1. 日出之后，这个市镇变得充满生气。2. 汶川地震发生后，中国的网站和报纸纷纷报导震前动物出现的奇怪反应。 3. 首先 , 我们应该解决这个问题。 4. 我们必须学习英国历史、建筑学等等。

More More PracticePractice


1. The town came to life after sunrise.…………………...

2. In the wake of the recent Wenchuan earthquake,

Chinese Web sites and newspapers are filled with

new reports about strange animal behavior

beforehand.

3. In the first place, we should solve this problem.

4. We have to study English history, architecture and so forth.

KeyKey

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Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone.

Notes to the Text—Focus Study

II. Focus Study

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① the principal clause Word caught the imagination of everyone.

② the attributive clause that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal

③ the appositive of attributive clause an achievement (long thought impossible)


Practice

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Combine the 2 Combine the 2 sentences into 1sentences into 1


This is Dr. Wang.Dr. Wang is dean of our college.

This is Dr. Wang, dean of our college.

More Practice

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Combine the 2 sentences Combine the 2 sentences into 1into 1


Bill is the head of the company.Bill had to explain what had happened ．

Bill ， the head of the company, had to explain what had happened ．

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The news disappointed us all greatly.Our basketball team had lost in the championship.

The news that our basketball team had lost in the championship disappointed us all greatly.

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The order was received yesterday. The order was we should send moremedical assistant to the front.

The order was received yesterday that we should send more medical assistant to the front.

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English to Chinese

Word Using New to Old

Matching Games Word Building

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1. implication n. (Title) something that is suggested

Words and Expressions—Word Using

I. Word Using

I resent your implication that my work is not satisfactory.


KeyKey

我讨厌别人暗示我，说我的工作做得不好。

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He was just plain stupid to give up this opportunity.

Words and Expressions—Word Using

他放弃这个机会简直是愚蠢至极。


KeyKey

2. plain adv. ① used to emphasize an adj. or adv.

3 8 Words and Expressions—Word Using

• 我们倡导过简朴的生活。


KeyKey

• The meaning of the sentence is plain.

2. plain adj. ② clearly visible ③ simple

• We advocate plain living.

• 这句子的意思十分清楚。


• 我必须坦白和你说。TranslationTranslation

KeyKey• I must be plain with you.

2. plain adj. ④ truthful and frank ⑤ not attractive; not pretty or good-looking

• 这孩子相貌平平。

• The kid has a plain face.


经过五年的努力工作，他升职在望。TranslationTranslation

KeyKeyAfter five years’ hard work, promotionseemed within his reach.

3. within one’s reach inside the distance that can be touched


我认为这种新产品会为公司带来很多利润。TranslationTranslation

KeyKey

I think this new product will generate a lotof profits for the company.

4. generate vt. cause something to exist; produce


价格降低后，销售量就上去了。TranslationTranslation

KeyKey

Sales were mounting after prices were lowered.

5. mount vi. increase in amount or degree


地震过后，村子里没有任何房子是完好无损的。


KeyKey

After the earthquake, no house remained intact in this village.

6. intact adj. complete and not damaged


这些考试和去年的考试相同。TranslationTranslation

KeyKey

The tests are identical to those carried out last year.

7. be identical to/with exactly the same as

Would a cloned human be identical to theoriginal?

QuestionQuestion


他长得不好看，不像他母亲。TranslationTranslation

KeyKey

He was not beautiful; he didn’t resemble his mother.

8. resemble vt. look or be alike esp. in appearance


9. refer to

① refer to sb. as … = call … as …

② refer…to sb. /sth. =direct … to sb./sth. for help

③ go to sb. or look at sth. for information

④ mention or talk about sb. / sth. = mention + n. /clause


9. refer to

Use itUse it

① What will you refer to cloning as? I’ll refer to cloning as _________.

② T: Complete the exercise without looking back to the text. S: Let me just refer to _________.

③ Complaints are usually referred to ________.


目击者说是故意纵火。TranslationTranslation

KeyKeyWitnesses say that the fire was deliberate.

10. deliberate adj. doing something on purpose

e.g.e.g.

The speech was a deliberate attempt to embarrass the government.


He’s never been particularly concernedabout what other people think of him.


KeyKey他从不在意别人怎么看他。

11. be concerned about/over give one’s attention to; worry about

Is there anything you concerned aboutrecently? What’s it?

QuestionQuestion

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1. The human cloning situation falls

into two broad categories.

2. Parents could clone a 2nd child

who resembled their 1st child.

3. The differences are so minor that

detection of them becomes very hard.

types

looked like

discovery

II. New to Old

Words and Expressions—New to old

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4. The concern is the deliberate

altering of genes to create human

beings.

5. The Europeans debated whether

the unfamiliar inhabitants were

human.

planned

discussed seriously

Words and Expressions—New to old

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implication

The Theory of Relativity

genetic engineering

in theory

guideline

含义，暗示 / 牵连相对论基因工程理论上指导原则，准则

III. English to Chinese

Words and Expressions—E to C

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the splitting of the atom

under the name of…

personality characteristics

draft (vt.)

be comparable to / with

原子分裂以 ······ 的名义个性草拟 / 征募 , 征召可与 ······ 相比

Words and Expressions—E to C

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give birth to

succeed in doing

in the wake of

fall into

be divided into

bring into the world

coming after

achieve (vt.)

IV. Matching Games

Words and Expressions—Matching Games

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a variety of

break apart

come into life

get around

puzzle over

be alive/vivid

overcome

all kinds of

think hard about

come apart

Words and Expressions—Matching Games

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trans

trans

trans

trans

trans

Words and Expressions—Word Building

transtrans-- means “across, into another place or state”. means “across, into another place or state”.Prefix

plant

atlantic

form

port

migrate

to put into the ground for growth

of or about the Atlantic Ocean

to give shape to

to carry

to move from one place to another

V. Word Building

to remove and plant in another place

beyond or cross the Atlantic

to change the shape or form

to carry from one place to another

to move from one place to another

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Debate

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NoNo

YesYes

Idea Sharing—Debate

Is human clone a good thing?

Watch three movie clips about cloning, then debate on the following topic.

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• fight fatal diseases • save dying relatives• help infertile people have children• create genius• extend human life• enhance civilization• create new immune systems ( 免疫系统 )• grow organs and tissues for transplant su

rgery ( 移植手术 )


TipTipss

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• deny human rights • reduce variety of human gene pool• unsafe • abnormalities • birth defects• a shorter life• religious objections• psychological harms• degrade the quality of parenting and family life


3 8 Idea Sharing

Debating 1

3 8 Idea Sharing

Debating 2

3 8 Idea Sharing

Debating 3

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Structured Writing

Practical Writing

3 8

I. Structure Writing

Writing—Structured Writing

1. Structure Analysis

ListingIn an essay, a general statement or question can be answered or explained by a list of facts, reasons, possibilitiesand ideas.

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① A List of Facts

The period 1986-1990 witnessed great changes in the diet of the Chinese people. The consumption of grain decreased year by year, while that of milk and meat showed a steady increase. There’s clearly a marked shift away from the traditional grain-based diet to onecontaining more high-energy foodstuffs.

2. Samples Paragraph


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① A List of Facts

The three changes are:

• Grain consumption _________;• Milk and meat consumption _________;• There’s a _______ from traditional grain-

based diet to foodstuffs containing more high-energy.

decreased

increased

shift


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② A List of Reasons

Basket ball is popular in many countries. One reason for this is that it’s inexpensive. A ball and a hoop are all you need. Moreover, it’s exciting. There’s always lots of action. Additionally, it’s a healthful sport that both men and women can play. Furthermore, it’s both an indoor and outdoor game. In warm countries the game is played outdoors all year. In coldcountries, it’s a winter game played indoors.

inexpensive

excitinghealthful sport

both anindoor and outdoor game


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Each year, the loss of lives and property caused by floods totals hundreds of billions of dollars in the world. To solve the problem, man has to pay attention to the protection of vegetation (植被 ). Since plants can hold in place the top soil with their roots and slow the flow of water, less soil will be carried away if vegetation is well protected. Besides, man must lay stress on harnessing rivers by deepening river beds, strengthening river banks and changing rivercourses.

③ A List of Possibilities


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A list of different ways to control flood include:

protecting vegetation and harnessing rivers

by • _________ river beds;• ____________ river banks• and ___________ river courses.

deepening

strengthening

changing


③ A List of Possibilities

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④ A List of Advantages of human cloning

• fight fatal diseases • save dying relatives• help infertile people have children• create genius• extend human life• enhance civilization• create new immune systems ( 免疫系统 )• grow organs and tissues for transplant

surgery ( 移植手术 ) …


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⑤ A List of Disadvantages of human cloning

• deny human right;• reduce variety of human and gene pool;• unsafe• abnormalities• birth defects• a shorter life• religious objections• religious objections• psychological harms• degrade the quality of parenting & family life


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3. Tips for writing

• Write a strong topic sentence.• Turn it into a question and answer it by listing facts, ideas, reasons, possibilities with proper link words.• Make a logical conclusion.


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4. Your Task

Write a paragraph with a general statement explained by listing on one of the following topics.

My Major in Mechanical Engineering


For your reference

A list of reasons of my decision:• enjoy math and physics; • family tradition;• a variety of jobs

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There were three reasons why I decided to choose mechanical engineering. The most important one was that I had always enjoyed both math and physics, and mechanical engineering seemed about the best way to combine these two. Secondly my father had been an engineer and had always encouraged me to do something similar. Lastly, I am sure there would always be a wide variety of jobsavailable for qualified engineers.


My Major in Mechanical Engineering

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II. Practical Writing

Writing—Practical Writing

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• They are used to meet a real demand and make a general announcement.

• They usually appear as posters, or on TV, or radio.

• They should be very brief and concise.


1. Characteristics of personal ads

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2. Samples

① House for Sale

SANTA MONICA townhouse. Spacious, 2-bdrm, 2 & ½ bath.$351,000 or offer. 392-5358,anytime. 396-5242, eves.


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② Help Wanted

PART-TIME receptionist/cashier. Heavy public contact. Weekends also, 8am-6pm or 2pm-10pm. Large Westside veterinary hospital. Will train. Ruth 473-2951.


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3. Tips

omit unnecessary expressions

abbreviate words and phrases

simplify or leave out punctuation


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4. Your Task

① You’re in need of a part-time secretary. (situation/hours/pay/phone number)

② You’ve a two-bedroom flat/apartment and you’re looking for someone to share it. (condition/rent/sex/time/tel. number)

③ You’re a college student. You want to find a part-time job as a tutor. (your background/phone number)


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To Section B

The End of Section A

Task

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Documents

text words

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news para

text study text study

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