Napoleon and Post-

Revolutionary France

Post Revolutionary France The Directory was not providing order.

Emigres wanted a return to the monarchy.

A coup d’etat occurs to put down any chance of a monarchy coming back to France.

Napoleon

Born in Corsica in 1769 to a poor family

Jacobin Admitted to two

military schools including the prestigious L’ecole Royale Militaire.

Desiree Cleary

Fiance and future Queen of Sweden and Norway.

Her parents broke off the marriage because of Napoleon’s lack of fortune.

Josephine

"I awake full of you. Your image and the memory of last night’s intoxicating pleasures has left no rest to my senses."

~Napoleon

Josephine’s Divorce Statement (1807)

Josephine’s Divorce Statement (1807)

With the permission of our august and dear husband, I must declare that, having no hope of bearing children who would fulfill the needs of his policies and the interests of France, I am pleased to offer him the greatest proof of attachment and devotion ever offered on this earth.

With the permission of our august and dear husband, I must declare that, having no hope of bearing children who would fulfill the needs of his policies and the interests of France, I am pleased to offer him the greatest proof of attachment and devotion ever offered on this earth.

Napoléon’s Divorce Statement (1807)

Napoléon’s Divorce Statement (1807)

Far from ever finding cause for complaint, I can to the contrary only congratulate myself on the devotion and tenderness of my beloved wife. She has adorned thirteen years of my life; the memory will always remain engraved on my heart.

Far from ever finding cause for complaint, I can to the contrary only congratulate myself on the devotion and tenderness of my beloved wife. She has adorned thirteen years of my life; the memory will always remain engraved on my heart.

Marie Louise of Austria

Napoleon’s final love interest.

Married in 1810.

Military Success

Defeated Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy in 1797.

Napoleon returns to Paris a hero.

Next up, Britain…

Strategy

Take out British interests along the Mediterranean, cut off the British Empire.

Unfortunately, even though Napoleon steamrolls Egypt, the French navy is destroyed, and Austria and Russia side with Britain.

A Second Coup

Abbe Sieyes and Napoleon join forces.

Napoleon seizes complete control.

A dictator?- uses rhetoric of revolution, nationalism, imperialism, and back it with the military.

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)

BritainFrance 1805:Sea

Power

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Britain Austria Russia

(3rd Coalition)

France 1805: -Danube-Italy

e ULM: France defeated Austria.

e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.

e ULM: France defeated Austria.

e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.

Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

JENA: French Troops in Berlin!

BERLIN DECREES(“Continental System”)

PrussiaFrance 1806:Confed.of theRhine

4th Coalition created4th Coalition created

British Cartoon British Cartoon

“Continental System” (1806-1812)“Continental System” (1806-1812)

Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810

Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810

e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.

e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.

e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!

Spain Portugal

France 1806: ContinentalSystem

Napoléon’s Empire in 1810Napoléon’s Empire in 1810

Napoléon’s Family Rules!Napoléon’s Family Rules!

e Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia.e Joseph Bonaparte King of Spaine Louise Bonaparte King of Hollande Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italye Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)

King of Romee Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of

Tuscanye Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples

Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812

614,000 French troops614,000 French troops

Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)

Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)

100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

Napoléon Abdicates!Napoléon Abdicates!

e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.

e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.

e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.

e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.

e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.

e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.

e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.

e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.

e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoléon in Exile on ElbaNapoléon in Exile on Elba

“The War of the 7th Coalition”

“The War of the 7th Coalition”

Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller

German states

France 1815: Napoleon’s“100 Days”

e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.

e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.

e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo

(June 18, 1815)

Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo

(June 18, 1815)

Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher

Napoléon on His

Way to HisFinal Exile

onSt. Helena

Napoléon on His

Way to HisFinal Exile

onSt. Helena