เรือนไทยในวิถีไทย = the prototype thai houses
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A binder house at Ban Pho Hak,
Amphoe Bang Phae, Ratchaburi.
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A binder house.
Materials and structural
designs of a binder house.
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A traditional Thai house called
Ruean Saeng Arun
at Siam Society in Bangkok.
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()
(
)
The scripture hall of
Wat Rakang Kositaram
was the former residence
of King Rama I.
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(De La Loube`re)
. . (.. -)
The Red Hall in the NationalMuseum, Bangkok, was formerly
located in the Grand Palace.
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The paneling wall and wind
of a central Thai-style hous
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A central Thai-style house.
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A joint house in
Ban Makhamlom, Suphan Buri.
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House construction in
the central plains.
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( ) ( )
()
...
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Wall panels come in
various designs.
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Houses along the Bangkok Noi
Canal, Bangkok.
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Raft houses in Kanchanaburi
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A northern Thai-style house.
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(Assymetrical Balance) (Dynamic Balance)
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Hamyon is a decorative
piece of wood in intricate foliage
designs fitted atop the door,
serving to ventilate and to
protect the house from
evil spirits.
A spirit-house usually located
inside a little beyond the fence.
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Kalae-a unique piece
of northern-style house.
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( )
A water-jar house, where d
water is kept, is an importa
part of a northern househo
usually located on the fron
porch away from the sun,
with a long-handled dippe
made from a small dry
coconut shell.
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()
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() -
left - right
A northeastern Thai-style h
in Amphoe Na Dun,
Maha Sarakham.
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Ruean Keiy
(House with a roofed balco
Ruean Faed (Twin houses)
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Ruean Khong (Big houses)
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A southern Thai-style house.
The lower part of house posts
in a southern Thai-style house.
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The structure of a southern
Thai-style house.
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Muslim Houses in the South
Li-mah house built on posts
with a hipped roof.
Bla-nor house with Manila gables.
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A high window from the flo
called pi-tu-na-tae,in a southern Thai-style ho
Mae-lae house with high g
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- (Sino-Portuguese)
Sino-Portuguese building
in Phuket.
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Chapter Three
The Prototype ofThai Houses
Thai Wisdom: Thai Ways of Life
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Local architecture is the unique identity
of each locality. It is a societal heritagederived from group wisdom, initiated,
created, and developed through experiences,
knowledge, and skills to solve local
problems. It has been passed down from
generation to generation until it has become
a pattern, a tradition, or a convention for
living in harmony with the environment.
In Thailand, there were initially two housing
styles, which reflected local wisdom in
architecture: the binder house and the joint
house. The first style, the binder house, was
often for temporary shelter and could be built
in one day with no need for skilled labor.
Construction materials were the locally available
bamboo bound together with binding materials
such as ropes or finely thin bamboo strips,
and roofed with atap palm leaves. Labor was
voluntary hands from neighbors. There was no
need for expert constructors. Construction
could be done with ordinary household tools.
It later developed into the more sophisticated
housing style: the joint house.
Thai Houses
in Thai Communities
Binder houses could actually providesufficient shelter. But when a family was more
stabilized and extended with more members,
people usually needed to build a more secure
house, a joint house. Joint houses are made
from hard wood. All parts of the house were
made to connect and fit together with different
kinds of joints. They differ from region to region.
In the North, for example, it is called ruean
kalae, after the specific style commonly
utilized in the northern region.
179 The Prototype of Thai Houses
A traditional Thai house ca
Ruean Saeng Arunat Siam Society in Bangko
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Typical Thai Housesin the Central Region
Typical Thai houses, however, are the
housing style of the Central Region, with a high
and steeply pointed windbreak atop the gable.
It is much acclaimed for its artistic beauty and
its functional suitability to the Central Plainswith frequent rain and flooding. This housing
style is not only for commoners, but also for
families of high social status. Thai royalty in the
House of Chakri once lived in such a house.
Rama V once had a house built in this
traditional-style in a Bangkok palace to
receive his visiting friends from the country.
Rama VI built a typical Thai-style house in
one of his favorite palaces in Nakhon Pathom
called Thap Khwan, which is a beautiful
traditional Thai-style house.
A typical Thai house was normally a single
structure. If t he owner was wealthy, however,a few houses were built next to each other with
a patio to connect them into one compound
structure. The patio served as the activity
space for the family. Constructors normally
pre-constructed all part of the house, from the
wall panels, to the windows, and roofing
structures. House owners often consulted an
astrologer for an auspicious time to begin the
construction. The best time of the year for
housing construction was the second month on
the lunar calendar (January). When the t ime
came, all the parts were put together to mak
a house, which usually took only a day or tw
Such a rapid affair had puzzled foreign visito
such as M. de La Loube`re from the Court of
Louis XIV during his 1687 visit to the capital
city of Ayutthaya.
A typical Thai house is usually built on hiposts to avoid frequent flooding and poisono
animals. The space under the house is used
store farm tools, to keep animals, or even to
laze around in the hot weather.
The steep windbreak along the gable serves
to drain the rainwater and to allow for
ventilation on hot days. The main sleeping a
is normally separated from the kitchen area.
A big branching tree is often planted in the
middle of the patio to provide shade. By the
ladder is a big water jug to wash ones feet
before ascending the stairs. Kitchen herbs
are normally planted around this area to drinup the wash water.
In the old days, Thai people did not need
many pieces of furniture. The house seemed
comparatively bare, especially if compared t
current houses with all modern appliances.
In addition to houses built on land, many
houses were built on rafts in water bodies w
there were still many canals and rivers, for w
Bangkok was labeled Venice of the Orient
A traditional Thai house
in the Central Region
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TypicalNorthern-Style Houses
The signature house of the North is ruean
kalae. It is usually two square houses built
next to each other with a rainwater drainpipe
running along the eaves between the houses.
All composite parts of the house are well
designed for the most utilization.
The staircase of a northern-style house is
usually roofed and located outside by the left
corner of the house. A pole is usually planted
to support the roof, often the place to tie the
guard dog. Above the staircase is the balcony,
which leads to the open hall where all activities
take place. A water jar for drinking is often put
there. After the hall is the sleeping chamber.
In this room, people keep their ancestors relics
on a high shelf on the north wall. They always
inform the ancestors and present offerings
to them on important occasions.
Northern-style houses usually have two
pieces of intricately carved boards called kalae
to top the windbreaks. By the staircase landing
is also a patch of kitchen herbs planted to
benefit from the wash water, like houses in theCentral Plains.
Presently, northern-style kalae houses
are hard to find. It is a unique piece of our
cultural heritage, which should be preserved
for posterity.
Typical northern-style hous
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TypicalNortheastern-StyleHouses
Typical northeastern houses are madeon high wooden posts like those in other
regions. The balcony is roofed but often has
no panel. The kitchen is a small house with
well-ventilated walls. A water pot is normally
placed at one end of the balcony, and roofed
to prevent direct sun from heating the water.
Houses are in three sizes: small, medium,
and large.
Most local people in the Northeast are
farmers. So they often build a grain silo near
the house. They are also as artistic as peopl
in other regions. Normally, they spend their f
time from the rice fields to make handicrafts
such as hand-woven fabric, and handmade
pottery. These are often done in the
basement, the space under the house.
A commoners house
in the Northeast.
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TypicalSouthern-Style Houses
Southern-style houses can be categorized
into two: those in the upper region (from
Chumphon to Songkhla), and the Muslim
houses in the lower part of the region.
The upper-southern housing style is
much similar to that in the Central Plains.
The differences are in a few architectural
features. The posts are usually not very high,
to minimize the wind forces in the monsoon
season. Relative humidity is higher in this region
because it has eight months of rain and only
four months of the sun. People do not plant the
posts directly in the ground, but use a more
solid material, such as coral or stone, to support
them. Southerners like to sand off the house
posts, and some even carve the top of the post
with intricate designs. They often have a water
jar by the ladder landing to wash ones feet
before taking the stairs as well.
Though the upper-southern housing style
with a high windbreaker roof is much similar to
that of the Central Region, local architects have
adapted it to meet regional preference and
lifestyle. In certain areas, outside influences
have impacted locals to build houses with
Yala, Satun, Pattani, and Narathiwas. People in
these cities are mostly Muslim. They keep fruit
orchard, grow rice, run rubber plantation, keep
fish farms, and trade. Their houses need to
serve their occupational purposes. Most of them
are rectangular with high windbreaker roofs orhipped roofs, built on posts. The heights of
these posts, and thus the house, vary.
The most important feature of a lower-
southern house is the roofing structure. It can
signify the owners financial status. The gable of
a Muslim house is often decorated with a
wooden shining-sun design, a floral design on
plain wooden background, or a woodcarving of
Arabic inscription pasted to the gable.
In the compound are usually a rice silo and
a roofed water-well in the yard. A small bathing
house is located further away from the well.
A birdhouse or a tall bird post is common ina Muslim household.
Houses with foreign influences also exist in
certain areas, for example, the Sino-Portuguese
row houses in Phuket.
Housing styles in the four regions reflect
A traditional southern-style