“ The War to End All Wars” or

“The Great War”

WWI Artifacts• Examine the artifact on your table. Be CAREFUL--it is

fragile!

• Discuss the artifact at your table. Make predictions: what was it used for? What can it tell you about WWI?

• Share predictions with class!

The Basics

• 30 nations

• 15 million died; cost = $350 billion

• Allies: France, Great Britain, Russia, U.S.• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Causes of WWI

• Nationalism: belief that a specific nation, language, or culture is superior to all others

Hapsburg Empire (Austria-Hungary)

Russian Flag 1914

British Flag

Serbia and Russia largely Slavic; encouraged Slavs in Austria-Hungary to break free and create an independent Slavic state

White Board Time!• Explain nationalism in your own words.

• How might nationalism lead to war?

• Imperialism: competition for colonies & influence

“Race” to Colonize Africa Colonization in Asia

• Alliances: nations signed treaties to help each other

• Militarism (Arms Race): nations build up armed forces and weapons

HMS Dreadnought,1906 

“Eight before it’s too late!”

“We want eight and we won’t wait!”

White Board Time!• Of the four causes of WWI, which one do you think played

the biggest role in starting the war?

• Choose one and write it down.

June 28,1914: Assassination

• Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary killed by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip

1914: World War I begins!

• July 28: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia• began a chain reaction of the alliance system

The Early Western Front • German Schlieffen Plan: attack France

1st, then Russia • Battle of the Marne: stops German advance• Western Front Stalemate: neither side can win a clear victory for 3 yrs.

White Board Time!• Close your notebook.

• On your whiteboard, write as much as you can remember about the causes of WWI. Why did this war start?

• Compare with others at your table. What did you remember? What did you forget? Who had the most?

• Trench warfare

Somme

• Poison Gas (outlawed after WWI)

• Rapid Firing Machine Guns

• Submarine Warfare (led to convoys)

German U-9 - destroyed three ships in 75 minutes, including the Cressy

• Mines and underwater explosives

Mines from Ottoman Empire

• Air fighting and Spying (planes and zeppelins)

Zeppelin bombing raid

“Dog Fight” above the trenches in WWI

• Tanks (broke the Western front)

Introduced at battle of Somme, 1916, but could only go 3 mph.

By 1918 able to cross trenches