STATIC DIFFERENTIAL RELAY FOR

BUS PROTECTION SBDllB

GEK-45451E

INSTRUCTIONS

. and Control GE Protect:Jtley Parkway 205 Great a 19355-1337 Malvern, PA www .

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seal-in unit will make and carry 30 amperes for tr ipping dut.y an� will make and �

carry 3 amperes cont inuously. The interrupting ratings are g1ven ln the following � table.

The normally-open contact with a target seal-in unit wil� make and carry 30 amperes for tr ipping duty and will make and carry 3 amperes cont1nuously. The interrupt ing rat ings are g iven in the following table:

-ns 230

oc-vorfs 48

125 250

INTERRUPTING RATINGS

AMPS Inductive** Non-Inductive

0. 7 5 2. 0 0. 5 1. 5

- - t------!----------- 3. 0 1. 0

0. 5 1. 5 0. 25 1. 0

---�·-----·

** The induct ive rat ing is based on an L/R rat io of 0. 1 second.

The cont inuous and short-t ime rat ings of the seal-in unit are given in the table bel ow.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEAL-IN UNIT

��=--===============- 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 2. 0 4. 0 I i DC Resistance .:t 10% ( Ohms ) 7 0. 6 0. 21 0.13 0. 06 I Minimum Operating ( Amperes ) 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 2. 0 4. 0 Carry Continuously ( Amperes ) 0. 3 0. 9 1. 5 3 6 Carry 30 Amperes for ( Seconds ) 0. 03 0.5 1.4 4 7 Carry 10 Amperes for ( Seconds ) 0. 25 4 12 30 6 0 60 Hz Imped ance (Ohms ) 52 6 2.1 0. 53 0. 13 D C Oro pout Amperes (M ini mum ) 0. 05 0. 15 0. 25 0. 5 1. 0 -------------

CHARACTERISTICS

Operat ion of the SBD relay is in it iated as a funct ion of the instantaneous voltage developed across term inals 5 and 6 of the relay, but an output will not be produced unless the total secondary fault current that flows through the relay after the SCRs fire is greater than the pickup current setting; i. e. both voltage and current are required to produce an output. The voltage and current requirements needed to produce an output are d eterm ined by the voltage tap set ting and the pickup current sett ing.

VOLTAGE TAP SETTING

The relay is provided with seven d iscrete taps in 5 0-volt steps over the range of 50-350 volts rms symmetr ical. The S CRs will fire whenever the instantaneous value

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o f the a p pl ied vol ta ge is equal to twice the peak value + 4% o f an rms symme trica l vo l tage equal to the vo l ta ge ta p set ting; i.e. ,

V R = ( 2 ) {1 2 ) VT ( 3 )

where: V R = instantaneous vo l ta ge need ed to fire SCRs

vT = vol tage ta p setting

Note that this vol ta ge VR is al so equa l to the pe ak vo l ta ge o f a compl etel y offset vol ta ge wave having an rms �ynrne trica l val ue equal to the vol ta g e ta p se tting. In other wo rds , the SCRs wil l 'fire wheneve r an rms symmetrical vo l ta ge gre at e r than twice ta p se tting is a pp l ied , or whenever the correspondin g peak vol ta g e is exceeded on an instantane ous basis by an a ppl ied waveshape. When the SCRs fire , the re l ay wil l produce an output , provided the total seconda ry faul t current that fl ows in the re l ay is greater than the pickup current setting.

PICKUP CURRENT

Picku p cur rent is defined as the rms va l ue o f a symmetrical sinusoida l cur rent that must fl ow in the prima ry o f T1 (see internal connections , Figure 13 ) in o rde r to provid e a contact out put. Two mod el s o f SBD re l ays a re avail abl e with cur rent pickup se ttings o f 0.5 / 1.0 and 0.5 / 2. 5 � 10% rms amperes.

OPERATING TIMES .

Typical o pe ra ting times a re shown in Figure 18. The dropout time is 1 5 mil l iseconds or l ess.

EFFECT O F TEMPERATURE

Voltage Tap Setting may va ry an additiona l 2% ove r the o pe rating tempe ra ture ra nge. Pickup Current may va ry an additional 20% ove r the o pe rating tempera ture range.

BURDENS

D C BURDEN

The re l ay d raws no powe r from the DC sup pl y unl ess the out put re l ay is picked u p. The burden with the output rel ay picked u p is 0.05 ampe re o r l ess a t any ra ted vol ta ge.

AC BURDEN

TaQ Setting ImQed ance {Ohms}

5 0 935 @ -200 o r 880 - j320 100 1600 @ -370 o r 1280 - j960 15 0 2000 @ -480 o r 1340 - j1480 200 220 0 @ -560 o r 1230 - j1830 25 0 2340 @ -620 o r 1100 - j2060 300 2400 @ -6 50 o r 1000 - j2200 35 0 2480 @ -690 o r 880 - j2300

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CALCULATION OF SETTINGS

The SBDllB rel ay is se t on the basis o f the maximum possibl e vol ta g e tha t can be produced in the di ffe rential circuit as the resul t o f a faul t exte rna l to the zone o f protection. De te rmination o f the maximum vol tage fo r this condition is subject to simpl e cal cul ations , hence the re l ay setting can be easil y determined. The rel ay is ta pped in seven discre te ste ps of 50 vol ts per ste p from 50 to 350 vol ts rms. Thus , it is first necessa ry to cal cul ate the maximum vo l tage that can be produced in the differentia l circuit for an externa l faul t , after which an a ppro pria te ta p can be sel ected. Next , i f a mixture o f mul ti-ratio CTs a re invo l ved in the a p pl ication , or if the CTs a re a ppl ied on ta ps other than the ful l winding , eva l uate the appl ication to d etermine that excessive vol ta ges wil l no t be produced across the ful l windings o f these CTs. Fina l l y , the minimum interna l faul t fo r which the rel ay wil l just o pe ra te is d ete rmined.

CALCULATION OF VOLTAGE TAP SETTING , VT

The minimum acce ptabl e vo l ta ge ta p setting can be d etermined using the fol l owing equa tion:

IF VT = 1.25 ( Rs + PRL) --- ( 6 ) N

whe re: V T = minimum acce ptabl e vol tage ta p setting. Since VT in gene ral wil l not come out exact l y equal to one o f the avail a bl e ta ps , the next higher ta p setting shoul d be used; avail abl e vol ta ge ta ps: 50V , 100V , 150V , 200V , 250V , 300V , o r 350V rms

Rs = DC resistance o f faul t CT second ary windings and l eads to housing terminal ( a t maximum expected o pe ra ting tempe ra ture )

RL = singl e conducto r D C resistance o f CT cabl e for one-way run from the diffe rentia l junction point to the faul t CT housing termina l ( a t maximum expected o pe ra ting temperature )

p = one ( 1 .0 ) fo r three-phase faul ts; two ( 2.0 ) fo r singl e phase-to-g round faul ts

IF = maximum exte rna 1 faul t cur rent in faul t CT in p rimary synmetrical rms amperes

N = CT ratio

1.25 = margin facto r fo r sa fety

The fo l l owing conments may be made with respect to the eval uation o f equa tion ( 6 ) .

1. The cal cul ations need onl y be mad e for three phase a nd singl e phase-to-ground faul ts. If the resul ts yiel d a satisfacto ry a pp l ica tion , the a ppl ication wil l a l so be satisfacto ry fo r o ther mul ti-phase faul ts.

2. Fo r singl e phase-to-ground faul ts , the di ffe rentia l circuit is such that the CT seconda ry faul t current wil l fl ow through both of the faul t CT cabl es; thus the

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mul tipl ier P must be se t equal to two. On the other hand , the CT seconda ry currents during ba l anced three-phase faul ts resul t in 0 current in the return cabl e; thus onl y the one-way cabl e resistance is invo l ved , and P is set equa l to one.

3. If the singl e phase-to-ground faul t cur rent at a given l ocation is gre ate r than or equal to the three-phase faul t current , the cal cul ations need onl y be ma de fo r singl e phase-to-ground faul ts.

4. The resistance o f the CTs and connecting cabl es wil l incre ase with incre asing tempe ra ture; the re fo re , if adequa te ma rgin is to be maintained a t a l l times , equation ( 6 ) shoul d be eva l uated using resistance va l ues co rresponding to the �aximum expected o perating tempera ture.

The methods to be used in cal cul ating the vol ta ge ta p setting using equa tion ( 6 ) wi l l to some extent be de pendent on the type o f a ppl ica tion. The fo l l owing comments a re mad e with respect to the di ffe rent a reas in which the SBDllB re l ay may be a ppl ied.

1. Bus Pro tection - Two methods wil l be outl ined fo r eva l uating equation ( 6 ) in o rder to determine an a ppro pria te rel ay vol ta g e tap se tting.

The first method o ffe rs a simpl i fied conse rvative a pproach to the probl em and requires tha t equation ( 6 ) be eval ua ted onl y once. With this me thod , it is assumed that a singl e phase-to-ground faul t with a current ma gnitud e equa l to the maximum interruptin g rating of the breaker occurs on the feeder associa ted with the CT having the l ongest cabl e run from the di ffe rential junction point. Und e r these a ssumptions , the e ffect o f the faul t current , IF , is maximized , and so is the effect o f cabl e resistance , because the highest va l ue o f resistance is used and P is set equa l to 2. Thus , the highest possibl e val ue o f VT wil l be obtained.

The second method o ffers an exact a pproach but requires that equation ( 6 ) be eva l ua ted a number o f times in o rder to obtain the maximum VT. With this method , cal cul ations must be mad e fo r the maximum singl e phase-to-ground faul t and the maximum three-phase faul t just o ff each o f the n feede rs on the bus. There fo re, equation ( 6 ) must be eva l uated 2n times, using the associated val ue o f cabl e resistance and P = 1 or P = 2, as requi red.

In gene ra l , Method II wil l produce a l owe r vo l tage ta p se tting than Method I , but Method I is simpl er to util ize. The user shoul d be gin with Method I. If the vol ta ge ta p setting resul ting from the use o f this method resul ts in adequa te sensitivity , a unique advanta ge is rea l ized since the se tting d oes not require recal cul ation fol l owing future changes in the powe r system configuration tha t resul t in higher faul t current ma gnitudes. If the sensitivity resul ting from the use o f Method I does no t prove adequate , then Method II shoul d be used.

Each o f the methods are outl ined bel ow:

Method I ( Simpl ified Conserva tive Approach ) :

a. Use the maximum inte rrupting ra ting o f the circuit bre ake r as the maximum

externa l s ingl e phase-to-ground symme trical faul t current ( IF ) .

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b. RL is based o n the dista nce from the di ffere ntial junctio n point to the most distant CT.

c. Ca l cu l ate VT substituting the val ues o f curre nt a nd resista nce from a a nd b a nd se t P = 2.

d. Sel ect the highest avail abl e vol tage ta p ( VT ) that just accommodates the vol ta ge cal cul a ted in c above.

Method II ( Exact Approach ) :

a. Detenni ne the maximum three-phase a nd singl e phase-to-ground fau l t curren ts for faul ts just o ff each o f the n breakers on the bus.

b. RL is the o ne-way D C resista nce o f the cabl e from the associated CT to the differential ju nction point.

c. For each breaker in turn , cal cul ate VT se paratel y , associa ted maximum external three-phase symmetrical faul t fau l t CT , with P = 1 a nd the maximum externa 1 sin gl e symme trical faul t current in the faul t CT , with P = 2.

util izing the current in the phase-to -ground

d. Use the highest o f the 2n val ues o f VT so obtained , a nd sel ect the next higher avai l a bl e ta p settin g tha t accommoda tes this val u e.

2. Shu n t Reactor Pro tection - D e pe nding on the type of pro tection required , shu n t reactors may b e protected by the SBDllB rel ay i n o n e o f two ways. S ee Figures 3 a nd 4. Since the shunt reactors co ntribute no curre nt to a n externa l fau l t , equation ( 6 ) sho ul d be eval u a ted usin g the highest ma gnitude o f current tha t ca n possibl y f l o w in the reacto r under a ny system co nditio n , excl usive o f a fa ul t in the reactor. If the differen tial ju nction poin t is l oca ted near the reactors, the resista nce o f the CT co nnecting cabl es can probably be ignore d , a nd equation ( 6 ) need on l y b e eva l u ated usin g the CT resistance a nd the maximum expected curre nt. If the cabl e resista nce ca nnot be ign ored, use the maximum expected reactor current a nd P = 2. After a va l u e o f VT has been cal cul a ted , sel ect the next higher avail abl e vo l ta ge ta p that just accommodates this vol tage.

APPLICATIONS WITH MIXED MULTI-RATIO CT'S

Where CTs are to be used on other than their fu l l windings , the a ppl ication sho u l d be eva l ua ted after a vol tage tap has been sel ecte d , to determine tha t excessive vo l tages are not deve l o ped across the fu l l windings o f these CTs as a resu l t o f a u to transformer action. It is desirabl e to l imit the peak va l u e o f the vol ta ge to l ess than the insul a tio n breakdown of the con n ected equipment. It has been shown in the section u nder OPERATING PRINCIPLES tha t the peak vol ta g e across the fu l l windin g ca n be cal cul a ted as fol l ows:

V F = ( 2. 83 ) ( VT) ( Nl ) N2

where: VT =

Nl =

(4)

SBDllB rel ay vo l tage ta p setting

Number o f turns in ful l CT winding

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N2 = Numbe r o f turns i n CT ta p u s ed

2.83 = 2/2 ( peak value o f fully offset wave )

Peak volta ge acro s s full wi nd i n g

See F i gu re 8 for an i llu strat i on o f the a bove terms. If VF i s le s s tha n the i ns ulat i on breakdown , a nd i f the cu r re n t ra t i ng of the CT i s not exceed ed , the a ppli ca t i on i s permi ss i ble. Equat i on ( 4 ) sho uld be evalua ted for the CT havi n g the hi ghest Nl/N2 rati o. If the cond i t i on of equ at i on ( 4 ) i s met fo r thi s CT , then i t w i ll also be me t fo r the rema i n i n g CTs.

MINIMUM FAULT TO TRIP

Afte r the volta ge ta p sett i n g has been es tabli shed fo r a n a ppli cati o n , a check sho uld be made to de termi n e the mi n i mum i n ternal fault cu rren t tha t wi ll ju st caus e the relay to o pe ra te. The followi ng expre s s i o n ca n be used to d ete rm i n e the m i n i mum i nternal fault cu rren t requ i red for a pa rt i cula r ta p s e tt i n g:

Imi n. = n (7 )

I (l)x + IR n X=l

Where: Im i n. =

n =

I =

Mi n i mum rms symmetr i cal i nternal fault curre nt requ i red to o pera te the SBD l l B relay

Numbe r o f CTs ( numbe r of ci rcu i t s )

Seco nd ary �ci ta t i on cu r rent o f i nd i vi dual CT a t a volta ge equal to 2/2 x VT

Curre nt i n the SBD l l B at pi cku p s e tt i ng

CT ra t i o on ta p u sed

The exci tat i on cu rrents (1 )1 , (1 ) 2•···· (1) n wi ll be a fu nct i o n of the peak voltage s that can be produced in the secondaries of the respective CTs. It is possible to dete rmi ne the cu rren ts wi th the a i d o f the s eco nda ry exci ta t i on cha racter i st i c for the res pecti ve CT , but i t i s fi rst nece s s a ry to mod i fy the characte ri st i cs so that they a re plotted a s a fu nct i on o f the peak volta ge s that can be produced. The mod i fi cat i ons a re eas i ly mad e; the procedu re fo r do i n g so i s as follows:

1. Determi ne the kne e po i n t coo rd i nates of the sta nd a rd exci tat i o n cu rve ( Es a nd Ie ) . These po i n ts w i ll be i nd i ca ted on the g iven cha racter i st i c , o r they can be found gra phi cally by d ete rm i n i n g the po i n t where a 450 li ne i s ta ngent to the knee o f the exci tat i o n cu rve.

2. Calculate a nd plo t the followi ng po i n t on the same sheet wi th the exci tati o n cu rve.

v = ( 7 ) ( Es ) I = ( 5 ) ( Ie )

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3. Draw a line having a slope of 1/2 through the point (V,I) calculated and plotted in 2. above. A slope of 1/2 corresponds to one log cycle on the vertical axis (voltage) and two log cycles on the horizontal axis (current). See line A-B in Figure 7.

4. Extend the lower part of the excitation curve in a straight line until it intersects the line A-B drawn in 3. above. See line C-D in Figure 7.

The curve (CPB) so formed by these two lines now represents the modified excitation characteristics as a function of the peak voltages that can be produced. After the curve has been drawn, calculate the following corresponding excitation current I.

Vs = 2(/2 )(VT)

Where Vs = Voltage coordinate for determining I

VT = Voltage tap setting on SBD relay

(9)

Note that the first term in equation (7) reduces to ni if all the CTs have the same characteristics.

The second term in equation (7) represents the current (IR) drawn by the relay just at the operating point. It can be calculated as follows:

IR = (2)(VT) (10) 2500

SAMPLE CALCULATION

The various steps for determining the setting of the SBD11B relay in a typical bus application wi 1 1 be demonstrated with the aid of a worked example. Assume the protected zone includes five breakers, all rated at 69kV, 1500mva, 1200 amperes, with a maximum interrupting rating of 12,500 amperes. The excitation curve for the 1200/5 bushing CTs in these breakers is shown in Figure 7.

The 0.5 ampere sensitivity setting will be used. The voltage tap setting will be determined by using Method I as described in the preceding section. The value of Rs from Figure 7 is (0.0019)(240)+2(0.0347) = 0.524 ohms. It is assumed that this resistance corresponds to the maximum expected operating temperature. It is further assumed that the longest CT cable run is 442 feet and that number 10 copper wire is used. The one-way cable resistance at 250C is 0.450 ohms. The resistance value of wire at 250C or at any temperature T1 may be corrected to any temperature T2 by means of the following equation.

RT2 = [1 = P1 (T2-T1)]RT1

Where: RT2 = Resistance in ohms at T2, oc

RT1 = Resistance in ohms at T1, oc

P1 = Temperature coefficient of resistance at T1

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For standard annealed copper, P 1 = 0.00385 at T1 = 25°C. If the maximum expected operating temperature is assumed to be 500C, then

RL = [1 + 0.00385(50-25)]0.450 = (1.096)(0.450) = 0.493 ohms

Substituting the various quantities in equation (6) yields:

12500 vT = 1.25 [0.524 + 2(0.493)] 240

= 98.31 volts

Since VT = 98.31 volts is not exactly equal to one of the available taps, select the next higher available tap, which is 100 volts.

VT = 100 volts

Since the CTs are all used on the full winding, there is no need to check that excessive voltages will be produced in the CT circuits.

Now that a tap has been selected, the sensitivity may be calculated following the procedure outlined in the section under MINIMUM FAULT TO TRIP.

From Figure 7, the knee point coordinates, Es and Ie, are 290 volts and 0.06 ampere. From equation (8):

V = (7)(Es) = (7)(290) = 203 volts I = (5 ) ( Ie ) = (5)(0.06) = 0.30 ampere

Plot this point (V, I) on the graph of Figure 7 and draw the lines A-B and C-0. This gives the modified secondary excitation characteristics. Calculate the voltage VS using equation (9):

Vs = (2)(/2)VT = 283 volts

From the modified curve, the current Ie corresponding to Vs = 283 volts is 0.05 ampere.

The relay current from equation (10) is:

I _ (2) { VT) _ (2��100) = O 08 R - � - 00 . ampere

The sensitivity of the relay, or the minimum fault to trip from equation (7) is:

Imin. = [(5)(0.05) + 0.08](240) = 80 amperes

With the relay set at 0.5 ampere, 120 amperes of primary current are required to produce 0.5 ampere secondary from the 1200/5 CTs. Since the calculated value is less than 120 amperes, the sensitivity will be 120 amperes. If a higher minimum basic current sensitivity is used on the relay, the minimum current required for pickup will be correspondingly higher.

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CONSTRUCTION

The Type SBD relays are a ssembled i n the small s i ze double-ended ( S2 ) d rawout case wi th studs at bo th end s i n the re ar of the case for external co nnect i o ns. The electri cal co nnect i on s be tween the relay and the ca s e studs are thro ugh sta t i onary mold ed i nner a nd outer blocks , betwe en whi ch nests a removable connect i n g plug. The ou ter blocks have the termi nals for the i n ternal co nnect i on s.

Every ci rcu i t i n the drawout case has a n aux i li ary brush, a s shown i n F i gure 9 , to provi de adequate overla p when the connect i n g plu g i s wi thdrawn or i n s erted. Some ci rcu i t s are equ i pped wi th shorti ng bars ( see i nternal co nnecti o ns i n F i gure 1 3 ) , and on tho s e ci rcu i ts i t i s e s peci ally i mportant tha t the auxi li ary bru sh make co ntact a s i nd i cated i n F i gure 9 w i th adequate pres s ure to preve nt the o pe n i n g o f the i mportan t i n terlocki ng ci rcu i ts.

The relay mechan i s m i s moun ted i n a steel framework called the cra dle , a nd i s a complete u n i t wi th all lead s termi nated a t the i nn er blocks. Thi s cradle i s held fi rmly i n the case wi th a latch at bo th to p a nd bo tto m a nd by a gu i d e pi n a t the back o f the cas e. The co nnect i n g plug , bes i de s maki n g the electr i cal co nnect i on s between the re s pect i ve blocks o f the cradle a nd case , also locks the latch i n place. The cover , whi ch i s dra wn to the cas e by thumbscrews , hold s the co nnect i n g plu gs i n place. The target re set mechan i sm i s a part o f the cover a s sembly.

The relay ca s e i s s u i table for e i ther semi flush or surface mount i n g on all panels u p to two i nches thi ck , a nd a p pro pri ate hardware i s ava i lable. However , pa nel thi ckness mu s t be i nd i ca ted on the relay order to en sure tha t pro per hardware wi ll be i nclud ed. Outli ne a nd pa nel dr i lli ng are shown i n Fi gure 22.

A se pa ra te test i n g plug ca n be i n s erted i n place of the co nnect i n g plu g to te st the relay i n place on the pa nel , e i ther from i t s own source o f curre nt a nd volta ge , or from other sources. Or the relay can be dra wn out a nd re placed by another whi ch ha s been tes ted i n the labora tory.

RECEIVING, HANDLING AND STORAGE

The s e relays , when not i ncluded a s part o f a con trol panel , w i ll be shi pped i n carto n s des i gned to protect them aga i nst d amage. Immed i ately upon rece i pt o f a rela y , exa mi ne i t for any dama ge susta i ned i n tran s i t. If i njury or damage re s ult i ng from rough handli ng i s evi d ent , f i le a dama ge cla i m at o nce wi th the tran s portat i o n company a nd promptly not i fy the neare st Gen eral Electr i c Sale s Offi ce.

Rea sonable care should be exerci sed i n unpacki n g the relay i n ord er that none o f the parts are i nju red or the adjustmen ts d i s turbed.

If the relays are not to be i nstalled i mmedia tely , they should be sto red i n thei r or i gi nal ca rtons i n a place tha t i s free from mo i s ture , dust a nd metalli c chi ps. Fore i gn matter collected on the out s i d e o f the case may fi nd i t s way i ns i d e when the cover i s removed , and caus e trouble i n the o pera t i on o f the relay.

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ACCEPTANCE TESTS

VISUAL INSPECTION

When the relay i s rece i ved , check the name plate stampi n g to ensure that the mod el n umber and rat i n g o f the relay rece i ved a gree wi th the requ i s i t i on.

Remove the relay from i t s case a nd check that there are no broke n or cracked mold ed parts or other s i gns o f phys i cal damage , a nd that all screws a re t i ght.

MECHANICAL INSPECTION

Cas e a nd Cradle Blocks

Check that the fi ngers on the cradle a nd the cas e a gree wi th the i nternal co nnect i o n d i a gram. Each cradle fi n ger sho uld be flush or project above the be tween- fi n ger barri ers. Check that there i s a co i l s pri ng und er each fi nger. The case fi ngers , i f not held d own by a short i n g bar , sho uld come wi thi n 1/16 i nch o f touchi n g a str a i ght-ed ge bri dg i ng the cas e block from s i d e to s i d e. If the fi nger i s held down by a short i n g bar , o pen i n g the electri cal ci rcui t be tween the fi n ger and the shorti ng bar should requ i re at lea st one pound ( 45 0 grms.) o f force. See F i gure 9. Check tha t each auxi li ary brush extends above the be twee n-fi n ger barri er.

Telephone R elay Un i t ( RT )

O perate the telepho ne relay un i t ma nually by pushi ng on the armature. Check that the movement i s free o f bi n d i n g or ro ughne ss. Check tha t the normally-clos ed stati onary co ntact s fall ow the movi ng contact s be fore they o pe n. The n ormally­clo s ed contact a t the to p o f the stack sho uld o pen la st. All contacts , whe n i n the o pe n pos i t i on , should have 0. 015 i nch or more ga p. The normally-ope n co ntact s sho uld have a t lea st 0. 005 i nch travel after clo s i n g. Thi s can be checked by putti n g a 0.005 i nch shi m betwee n the armature a nd the pole pi ece , clos i n g the arma ture by hand , and checki n g tha t e ach normally-o pen cont act st i ll clos es. As the no rmally-closed co ntact s cannot be tested u s i ng a shi m , they may be checked by meas ur i n g the force a ppli ed to the sta t i onary contact whi ch i s requi red to o pen the contact. Thi s should be at least 10 grams.

Target Seal-i n Un i t

Pi ck u p the armature by hand. The ora nge target should a p pear. When the armature i s releas ed , the targe t sho uld rema i n i n vi ew. Push i n on the reset arm. The target sho uld dro p from vi ew.

Hold the armature u p by hand. The target sho uld not be at the e nd of i t s tra vel. Ver i fy th i s by reachi n g i n one o f the wi nd ows o f the targe t wi th a sharp i n s trumen t such as a scri be or kni fe a nd pushi ng u pward. The target should move d efi n i tel y upward ( a t lea st 1/64 i nch) . Release the arma ture; the targe t sho uld fall vi s i bly downward ( a t least 0.010 i nch) be fore the target i s caught by the latch.

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ELECTRICAL TESTS

CAUTION Remove ALL power from the relay before removing or inserting any of the printed circuit cards. Failure to observe this caution may result in damage to and/or misoperation of the relay.

Drawout Relays, General

Since all drawout relays in service operate in their cases, it is recommended that they be tested in their cases or an equivalent steel case. In this way any magnetic effects of the enclosure will be accurately duplicated during testing. A relay may be tested without removing it from the panel by using a 12XLA13A test plug. This plug makes connections only with the relay and does not disturb any shorting bars in the case. Of course, the 12XLA12A test plug may also be used. Although this test plug allows greater testing flexibility, it also requires CT shorting jumpers and the exercise of greater care, since connections are made to both the relay and the external circuitry.

Power Requirements, General

A 11 alternating current operated devices are affected by frequency. S i nee non­sinusoidal waveforms can be analyzed as a fundamental frequency plus harmonics of the fundamental frequency, it follows that alternating current devices (relays) will be affected by the applied waveform.

Therefore, in order to properly test alternating current relays it is essential to use a sine wave of current and/or voltage. The purity of the sine wave (i.e., its freedom from harmonics) cannot be expressed as a finite number for any particular relay; however, any relay using tuned circuits, RL or RC networks, or saturating electromagnets (such as time overcurrent relays), would be essentially affected by non-sinusoidal waveforms.

Similarly, relays requiring DC control power should be tested using DC and not full wave rectified power. Unless the rectified supply is well filtered, many relays will not operate properly due to the dips in the rectified power. Zener diodes, for example, can turn off during these dips. As a general rule, the DC source should not contain more than 5% ripple.

CAUTION When performing the following electrical tests it is very important to adhere to the length of time that voltage and/or current is applied to the relay. The SBD relay is designed to perform satisfactorily during in­service operation when applied per the APPLICATION section and within the limits called for in the RATINGS section. The relay is not rated for continuous operation, with some of the voltages and currents applied, when performing all the following electrical tests.

Voltage Pickup

Set the SBD relay to the 50 volt tap setting (which is the equivalent of 100 volts rms symmetrical pickup as tested) located on the front of the relay, and connect the relay per the test diagram in Figure 11.

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CAUTION

Do not apply voltage to the SBD relay for longer than 10 seconds and do not re-apply voltage more often than once every 2 minutes.

Wi th S2 o pen a nd S1 closed, pre-set the volta ge a s rea d o n the AC voltmeter fo r 95 volts. O pen S1, then clos e S2, i n tha t order. The relay i s now ready to be tested. Clos e S1 a nd i ncrease the volta ge unti l the S CR s fi re, as i nd i cated by a drop i n the voltmeter read i n g and a n i nd i ca t i o n i n the ammeter rea d i n g. The volta ge reached pri o r to the voltmete r drop i s the p i cku p volta ge. If n eces sary, a djust the rheo sta t loca ted on the fro n t o f the relay to obta i n 100 � 4 volts p i ckup.

Tap Voltage Test

Thi s test i s to check the cali bra t i o n of the 100, 150, 200, 2 5 0, 300, a nd 35 0 volt ta p s e tt i n gs, whi ch a re obta i ned by a movable lead, on a ta p block loca t ed i n the front o f the SBD relay. Ta p sett i ngs a re a funct i o n of a volta ge d i vi d er ci rcu i t cons i st i n g o f p reci s i on res i sto rs moun ted o n the pr i n ted ci rcu i t ca rd.

Connect the relay pe r F i gure 12. Set the relay to the ta p setti n g that i s to be tested. Apply 10% o f ta p volta ge to the relay, a s read on the AC voltme ter connected between te rm i nals 5 a nd 6. The AC voltmete r co nnected between termi nals 16 a nd 5 sho uld read 5 volts� 2%. ( The voltme ter sho uld have an i n put i mpedance o f at lea st 5 000 ohms /volt for thi s test.)

Pi ckup Cu rren t a nd Outpu t Test

Set the relay to the mi n i mum voltage ta p sett i ng. Set the pi cku p curre nt li nk loca ted on the f ron t o f the SBD relay to the des i red cu r re n t p i ckup s e tt i n g. Con nect the relay pe r the test d i agram sho wn i n F i gure 16. Increase the curre nt u n t i l the tele phone relay ( RT ) o perates a nd the lamp li ghts. Thi s i s the actual pi cku p cur re nt, a nd must be wi thi n 10% of the cu r rent p i cku p setti n g ( e i the r 0.5 o r 1.0 ) .

Full Voltage Test ( Opt i onal)

The previ ous tes t s are su ffi ci ent to ve r i fy the pro pe r o pe ra t i o n a nd cali bra t i o n of the SBD relay.

CAUTION

The full voltage test, because of the high power requirements and the potential danger due to high voltages , with the possibility of damage to the SBD rel ay due to improper test procedure, is an opt i onal test and left to the discretion of the user.

Thi s test a ppli e s full volta ge, cu r ren t and power to the relay i n o rder to du pli ca te co nd i t i ons dur i ng a fault.

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Th i s o pt i o nal test requi re s a source o f adjustable AC volta ge , wi th a n excellent wave fo rm , ca pable o f pro vi d i ng mo re tha n twi ce the volta ge of the ta p to be tes ted , and eno ugh cu rren t ava i labi li ty for pi ckup , determi ned by the p i cku p s en s i t i vi ty sett i ng. An HEA type lockout relay i s requ i red , wi th a co i l ra ted fo r the D C con trol voltage o f the SBD relay a nd havi n g a n o pera t i n g t i me o f a pprox i mately 16 mi lli seco nd s , a nd ca pable of i nte rru pt i n g the test volta ge a nd cur re nt. The auxi li a ry relay shown i n F i gu re 17 wi th two normally-clo s e d con tacts mu st o pen i ts co ntact s not mo re tha n 100 m i lli seco nd s a fter be i n g energi zed.

When a voltage g reater than twi ce the ta p sett i n g i s a ppli ed , and eno ugh cu rren t flows i n the relay , the SBD wi ll provi d e a co ntact clo s ure , pi cki n g u p the HEA , whi ch wi ll remove the AC source from the SBD relay. The auxi li a ry relay sho wn i n F i gure 17 provi d es the removal of the AC volta ge should a malfunct i on occur. Note tha t , even tho ugh the a ppli ed volta ge exceed s the voltage ta p s e tt i n g , i f the requ i red p i cku p current does not flo w , the S BD relay wi ll not o pe ra t e a nd con s equ ently the auxi li a ry relay wi ll o pe rate , protect i n g the SBD rela y , and i nd i cate a malfunct i on.

Obse rve the relay's sho r t t i me ra t i ngs when pe rfo rm i ng thi s test. An osc illosco pe or hi gh s pe ed o sci llo g ra ph may be us ed to o bs erve the o pera ti on of the relay.

OBSERVE ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS when pe rfo rm i n g the full volta ge test. Ca re fully connect the SBD relay a s shown i n the test d i a g ram o f F i gu re 17. W i th S2 o pen a nd S1 clos ed , set the voltage , a s read o n the rms voltmete r , gre a te r tha n two t i mes the ta p sett i n g s elected to be tested. O pen S1 a n d clo s e S2 , i n tha t order. The relay i s now ready to be te s ted. No te that R ( cu r re nt li mi ti ng re s i sto r ) i n F i gure 17 i s to be s elected , to li mi t the cu r rent i n SBD relay to two t i me s the p i cku p cu r rent. Apply rated D C co ntrol volta ge , then close S l . The SBD relay sho uld o pe rate , a nd the full voltage te s t wi ll d u pli ca te fault co nd i t i ons.

Hi gh Po te nti al Testi ng ( Insulat i o n Tes t i ng )

CAUTION

When high-potential testi ng thi s relay, the surge ground connection to stud 4 must be removed and all studs shorted together to avoid damage to the surge capaci tors in the relay .

INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

LO CATION AND MOUNTING

The relay should be mounted o n a ve rti cal surface i n a locati on reasonably fre e from excess ive hea t , mo i stu re , dust and vi bra t i on. The relay cas e may be g ro u nd ed , i f des i red , us i n g at lea st #12 B&S ga ge co ppe r wi re. The outl i n e a nd pa nel dr i lli n g d i a g ram fo r the Type S B D relays i s shown i n F i gu re 22.

CONNECTIONS

The i nternal connect i on d i agram fo r the Type SBD i s shown i n F i gure 13. The external connect i on d i a g rams a re shown i n F i gu re s 1 thro ugh 4.

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Stud 4, the relay surge ground, should be connected to the station ground bus, using the shortest and most direct route.

The voltage tap plug and the current tap plug should be moved to the desired settings.

TARGET/SEAL-IN UNIT

S et the target/seal-in unit tap screw in the desired position. The contact adjustment will not be disturbed if a screw is first transferred from the left contact to the desired tap position on the right contact, and the screw in the undesired tap is then removed and transferred to the left contact.

HI POT

See High Potential Testing section under ACCEPTANCE TESTS.

PERIODIC CHECKS AND ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

In view of the vital role of protective relays in the operation of a power system, it is important that a periodic test program be followed. The interval between periodic checks will vary depending upon environment, type of relay and the user's experience with periodic testing. Until the user has accumulated enough experience to select the test interval best suited to his individual requirements, it is suggested that the points listed under ACCEPTANCE TESTS be checked at an interval of from one to two years.

CONTACT CLEANING

For cleaning relay contacts, a flexible burnishing tool should be used. This is a flexible strip of metal with an etch-roughened surface, which in effect resembles a superfine file. The polishing action of this file is so delicate that no scratches are left on the contacts, yet it cleans off any corrosion thoroughly and rapidly. The flexibility of the tool ensures the cleaning of the actual points of contact. Relay contacts should never be cleaned with knives, files, or abrasive paper or cloth.

RENEWAl PARTS

Sufficient quantities of renewal parts should be kept in stock for the prompt replacement of any that are worn, broken or damaged.

When ordering renewal parts, address the nearest Sales Office of the General Electric Company. Specify the name of the part wanted, quantity required, and complete nameplate data, including the serial number, of the relay for which the part is required.

Since the last edition, changes have been made on pages 7 and 8 in the OPERATING PRINCIPLES section, on p.9 in the VOLTAGE RATING paragraph, in the CONNECTIONS section on p.23, and in Figure 22.

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F i gure 3 ( 0246A6981-2 ) Exte rna l AC Connect i ons to SB D l l B fo r Shunt Reacto r Pro tecti on fo r Mul ti -Phase a nd L i ne-to -Grou nd Fau l ts

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GEK-45451

2

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F i gure 4 ( 0246A6982-2 ) Exte rna l AC Connect i ons to SB DllB Rel ay for Shunt Reacto r Pro tecti o n fo r Ground Fau l ts

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-

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--- CT I I I

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VR VOLTAGE ACROSS SBD

F i gure 5 ( 0246A6976-0 ) S i mpl i fi ed C i rcu i t Il l ustrati n g Effect o f S i ngl e L i ne-to-Ground Fau l t at Loca t i on F l

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Fi gure 6 ( 0 246 A6977-3 ) S i mpli fi ed In tern al Connect i o n D i a gram for SBDllB Relay

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F i gure 8 ( 0246A6978-2 ) Volta_qe. APRe.arirut .A!:r.oss .. Jull Winding of a CT Used on Ta p �thet than r�11 w1nu1ng

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GEK-45451

CONNECTING PLUG MAIN BRUSH CONNECTING BLOCK

AUXILIARY BRUSH

SHORTING BAR-----

NOTE: AFTER ENGAGING AUXILIARY BRUSH CONNECTING PLUG TRAVELS% INCH

BEFORE ENGAGING THE MAIN BRUSH ON THE TERMINAL BLOCK.

Fi gure 9 (8025 039 ) Cro s s Secti on o f Drawout Case Showi ng Po siti on of Aux i li ary Brush a nd Shorti ng Bar

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GEK-45451

Fi gure 10 (8012106 ) Typical Tele phone-Type Relay Unit

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GEK-45451

13 15

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GEK-45451

-1'-'Jm:L fO� P.CCARO INTERNAL C.ONNS.

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