（全新版）大学英语《综合教程》第一册（全新版）大学英语《综合教程》第一册 Unit 6Unit 6

Animal IntelligenceAnimal Intelligence

大学英语 ( 全新版 ) 综合教程

Unit Six What Animals Really Think

• Language Study• 1. intelligence: ability to learn and understand

• Examples: 1) Do computers have any intelligence?

• 2) Don't act like such an idiot — use your intelligence.

• (intelligent a.

• Examples: 1) intelligent computer

• 2) Even if you are intelligent, you can't be an excellent student without working hard.)

• 2.controversy: a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by over or about)

• Example: There is a fierce / bitter/ heated controversy over the publishing of his book.

• 3. surround: be or go all around (sth. or sb.)

• Examples: 1) The village was surrounded by desert. So the villagers had to abandon it and move to other areas.

• 2) The baby was sitting on the floor surrounded by toys.

• surrounding n.

• 4. explore: 1) examine thoroughly, learn about

• Example: The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river.

• 2) travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the purpose of discovery

• Examples: a) Both adults and children find it exciting to explore space.

• b) The man will explore the Sahara desert on foot.

• exploration n.

• 5. obvious: easy to see and understand; clear

• Examples: 1) It must be obvious to everyone that he's lying.

• 2) It is obvious that the Chinese women's soccer team will defeat the American women's team.

• obviously adv.

• 6. encounter: (fml) meet, esp. unexpectedly

• Example: She encountered an old friend on the street.

• 7. ... the lack of it: Here it refers to animal intelligence.

• 8. reveal: make (sth.) known

• Example: A survey of the Chinese diet has revealed that a growing number of children in cities are overweight.

• 9. convince: make (sb.) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence (used in the patterns: convince sb. of sth., convince sb. that)

• Examples: 1) His parents managed to convince him that teaching was the most suitable profession for him.

• 2) We finally convinced the police of our innocence.

• (be convinced: feel certain that sth. is true

• Example: I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.)

• 10. dominant: ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things

• Examples: 1) Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry. 2) a dominant position 统治地位

• 11. make a deal: reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics

• Examples: 1) I'll make a deal with you — you wash the car and I'll let you use it tonight.

• 2) The car company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes.

• 12. ... only to be met with a blank stare:

• Only to (do sth.) is often used to indicate that sb. did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. Infinitive to functions as result adverbial.

• Examples: 1) He hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had left. 2) He had once tried inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool response.

• 13. negotiate: discuss in order to come to an agreement (used in the patterns: negotiate/or sth., negotiate to do sth., negotiate with sb.)

• Example: The government refused to negotiate with terrorists.

• negotiation n.

• 14. maintain: continue to do or have (sth.)

• Examples: 1) Our department maintains close contacts with the IT industry.

• 2) The taxi driver and his friend Ed maintained their friendship for over 30 years.

• 15. relieve: free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) (used in the pattern: relieve sb. of sth.)

• Examples: 1) Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden.

• 2) Drugs can relieve much of the pain.

• 16. undertake: carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc.)

• Examples: 1) The United Nations was supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper.

• 2) You should think very carefully before you undertake the responsibilities of a general manager of a multi-national company.

• 3) We'll have to employ more staff if we're to undertake more work.

• 17. figure out: understand; reason out

• Examples: 1) I can't figure out why he quit his well-paid job to undertake such tedious work.

• 2) I can't figure her out; one minute she's happy, the next, sad.

• 3) It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start the new washing-machine.

• 18. extend: 1) (cause to) stretch or reach• Example: The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Baltimore

to Philadelphia.• 2) make larger or longer• Examples: a) I would like to stay in France a bit longer, but I will need to ex

tend my visa.• b) We've extended the kitchen to give us room for a dining area.• 19. expand: (cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount) • Examples: 1) The air in the balloon expands when heated.• 2) The population of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960s. • 3) The bank is aiming to expand its share of the mortgage market.• expansion n.• 20. switch: change; shift (used with to)• Examples: 1) He used to play tennis, but now he's switched to golf.• 2) She started studying medicine at college, but switched to Business

Studies in her second year.

• 21. envy: wish that you had a quality or possession that another person has (used in the patterns: envy sb./sth., envy sb. sth.. envy sb. for sth.)

• Examples: 1) He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck.

• 2) She's got a capacity for languages that many students would envy.

• 22. cooperate: act or work together (followed by with, or in, or to do sth.)

• Examples: 1) The New York City police cooperated with the force in Boston in catching the criminals.

• 2) Russia and the US are cooperating in joint space ventures.

• 3) Aid agencies and the local government are cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded area.

• cooperation n.

• cooperative adj.

• 23. in sb's interest(s): for or to sb.'s advantage

• Examples: 1) It would be in your interests to undertake this task although it's difficult.

• 2) The local government has to abandon the plan for a new chemical plant because it is not in the public interest.

• (Similar phrase: in the interest(s) of sth.: for the sake of sth.)

• Example: In the interests of safety, please do not smoke.

• 24. This is true, but I don't think it goes far enough.: What behaviorists say is right, but I don't think their explanation helps very much.

• go far: help very much; achieve much success

• Examples: 1) Your suggestion will go far towards solving our present housing problem.

• 2) Jane's a very talented writer — she'll go far.

• 25. assess: judge the quality, importance or worth of

• Examples: 1) The value of the diamond was assessed at $20,000.

• 2) Examinations are not the only means of assessing someone's ability.

• 26. judgment: 1) opinion about sth.

• Examples: a) In your judgment, what has caused the students' failure in the examination?

• b) My judgment is that the students have spent too much time on extracurricular activities.

• c) The manager made an unfair judgment of his new secretary's character.

• 2) the ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions

• Example: He was employed as manager of the Personnel Department because of his excellent judgment.

• 27. Like the time he helped save a family member.: He did just that when he helped save a family member.

• 28. at first: at the beginning

• Examples: 1) At first I thought that the shop was empty, then a man appeared from behind one of the counters.

• 2) Jack felt tired at first, but soon got used to the long working hours.

• Compare "at first, first, and firstly". (See Vocabulary II, Confusable Words)

• 29. emergency: an unexpected and dangerous event which must be dealt with at once

• Examples: 1) In an emergency, call 110.

• 2) The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing.

• 30. go wrong: stop developing well

• Examples: 1) Everything went wrong with my computer after I installed that new program.

• 2) I didn't watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because my television went wrong again.

• 31. size up: carefully examine a situation or person in order to make a judgment

• Example: I don't like the way the sales assistants in that shop size you up as you walk through the door.

• 32. release: set free (used in the pattern: release sb./sth. from)

• Example: He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.

• 33. evidence: sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace (uncountable noun; often followed by of / for, or that, or infinitive to)

• Examples: 1) There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.

• 2) Scientists haven't found any evidence of life on other planets.

• 3) We don't have enough evidence to prove him guilty.

• 34. deceive: try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false (used in the patterns: deceive sb., deceive sb. into doing sth.)

• Examples: 1) You can't pass exams without working, so don't deceive yourself into thinking you can.

• 2) You deceived me, and I can't forgive you.

• 3) They deceived the old man into signing the papers.

• 35. Melati looked Shewman in the eye ...: Melati looked directly and steadily at Shewman.

• look sb. in the eye(s): look directly and steadily at sb. because you are not embarrassed or ashamed

• Example: Can you look me in the eyes and say you didn't break the window?

• 36. original: first or earliest

• Examples: 1) The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America.

• 2) The land was returned to its original owner.

• 37. give in (to sb./sth.): admit a loss; surrender; yield

• Examples: 1) The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnappers' demands.

• 2) I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and bought me a computer.

• 38. underneath: under or below

• Examples: 1) The bomb exploded underneath his car as he was preparing to leave home.

• 2) Russel wore a white vest ( 汗衫 , 背心 , 内衣 ) underneath his shirt.

• 39. survive: 1) remain alive

• Example: A few were killed but most survived in the earthquake.

• 2) continue to live or exist after

• Examples: a) She survived the accident.

• b) The plants may not survive the frost.

• 40. wipe out: get rid of or destroy

• Examples: 1) The bank agreed to wipe out their debts.

• 2) Whole villages were wiped out in the flood.

• 41. ... even if their horizons are more limited than ours.: even though they can't assess the world in the same way as we do because of more limited knowledge and experience.

• Translation• When I was young I developed a keen interest in animals. So I

often visited the zoo in my home town. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were kept in a huge iron cage at first, but later was released from it and put in a place called Tiger Hill. The hill was separated from the visitors by a very wide and deep ditch. What's more, it was also surrounded by a high iron fence along the ditch.

• Twenty years later, I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find the Tiger Hill was still there but greatly extended. Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!