INTRODUCTION TO ATHLETIC TRAINING

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SPORTS MEDICINEMulti-disciplinary approach to health care for those seriously involved in exercise and sport

Study and application of scientific and medical knowledge to aspects of exercise and athletics

Aims to promote health and fitness while preventing, treating, and rehabilitation injury

SPORTS MEDICINEAthletic TrainingBiomechanicsMedical PracticeOrthopedicsPhysician AssistantDentistOphthalmologist

Physical TherapyExercise PhysiologyNeurologistSport NutritionistSport PsychologistMassage TherapyCertified Strength & Conditioning

HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS MEDICINE

Late 19th to early 20th century Desire to understand and extend the limits of human performance

Developed into a recognized field in early 20th century 1954: American College of Sports Medicine

Intended to guide the convergence of different fields with a common focus directed toward the goal of national health and fitness

Athletic competition and participation continues to rise True sports medicine specialists have training that allows them to specifically address the needs of the athlete

WHAT IS ATHLETIC TRAINING?The rendering of specialized care to individuals involved in exercise and athletics

Prevention, recognition, evaluation and care of injuries

Certified Athletic Trainer: highly educated and skilled professional who specializes in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries

HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF ATHLETIC TRAINING Galan: physician and philosopher

Regarded as one of the greatest physicians of the classical period

Contributed volumes to science of medicine

Trainer and physician to gladiators in ancient Rome

Roman Empire falls Middle Ages—few advancements in

medicine

Renaissance Human body actively studied Leonardo da Vinci: contributions to

science & human body outshine all preceding

Field continues to grow Sports popular, even

commercialized more ATC’s needed

Educational requirements for ATCs increase

Public insists that highly educated professionals work on their child

ATHLETE’S CIRCLE OF CARE & THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM1. Team physician—absolute authority in

determining participation status

2. Athletic Trainer

3. Coach

4. Athlete

Parent?Specialist?

TITLE IXFederal legislation in effect since1972Prohibits discrimination in school athletic participation on the basis of sex

Tremendous increase in female athletic participation, creating an even greater need for qualified certified athletic trainers

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ATHLETIC TRAINING

1950: NATA formed, establishing professional standards for the athletic trainer

1991: American Medical Association (AMA) recognized athletic training as allied health profession

REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATIONMust graduate from an undergraduate or graduate program accredited by Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)

Pass certification examMaintain certification with continuing education

CORE CURRICULUMHuman anatomyHuman physiologyPsychology KinesiologyBiomechanics Exercise physiologyPersonal community health

Nutrition

Prevention of athletic injuries/illness

Evaluation of athletic injuries/illness

Therapeutic modalitiesTherapeutic exerciseAdministration of athletic training programs

CORE CURRICULUM CONTINUED First aid and emergency care

General medical conditions and disabilities

Health care administration Medical ethics and legal issues

Pathology of injury/illness Pharmacology

Professional development and responsibilities

Psychosocial intervention and referral

Risk management and injury/illness prevention

Strength training and reconditioning

Statistics and research design

Weigh management and body composition

CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONFulfill requirementsTested in 6 domains:

1. Prevention of athletic injuries2. Recognition, evaluation, and assessment of injuries3. Immediate care of injuries4. Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning of

athletic injuries5. Health care administration6. Professional development and responsibility

PURPOSES OF CERTIFICATIONTo establish standards for entry into the profession of athletic training

Standards set by the National Athletic Trainers’ Board of Certification (NATABOC) www.nataboc.org

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ATHLETIC TRAINER

ATC ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

1.Prevention2.Recognition, Evaluation, &

Immediate Care3.Rehabilitation Course of Action4.Administration5.Professional Development6.Personal Skills

1. PREVENTATIVEPre-Participation Screening (PPE)Conditioning

Total bodySport or injury specific

Monitoring Environmental ConditionsField conditionsWeather

Properly Fitted EquipmentEducate

Parents, coaches, athletes

2. RECOGNITION, EVALUATION, & IMMEDIATE CARE

EmergencyAcuteCourse of Action

3. REHABILITATION—COURSE OF ACTIONShort TermLong TermReturn to Play

4. ADMINISTRATIONDocumentation

Daily recordsTreatment logs InsuranceFamily historyMedicationsSurgeries

Written Guidelines

Policy and ProceduresDaily operationsRules/regulationsEAPScheduling

5. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Organizations/Associations:NATANATABOCAMACAATEACSMNSCAAOSSM

Membership in Different Professional Organizations

Stay current in certificationCEU

Be active in organizations

6. PERSONAL SKILLS1. Know the Athlete:

Medical History past/currentInjuries, allergies, meds, contact lens, dental appliances

Personality Low tolerance vs. high tolerance

2. Know the Sport:FundamentalsDemands of sportSame injury

In one sport not cleared,

in another

can play

PERSONAL SKILLS CONTINUED

3. Remain Calm:Self calmCalm the athleteVery difficult to assess if the athlete is scared, excited, and anxious

4. Alert:Observe all athletesLimping, down, acting unusual

5. Good Judgment:

Common sense

PERSONAL SKILLS CONTINUED6. Experience:ConfidenceAssessment skills7. Patience (with):EvaluationAthleteSelf

PERSONAL SKILLS CONTINUED

8. Referral:Record all informationSend to physicianDoubts, concerns

Clearance

WHAT PERSONAL QUALITIES

MAKE A GOOD ATHLETIC TRAINER?

REQUIRED SKILLS

Problem solving abilityDeductive reasoning skills

Good judgmentGood decision making skills

Proficient knowledge of anatomy, physiology, biology, and advanced first aid

Motor skillsCommunication skillsAbility to work well with people

Ability to work well under stressful conditions

Ability to maintain poise in emergencies

ROLE OF THE ATHLETEConditioning and Fitness

Proper NutritionKnow Risk of SportReport InjuriesActive Role in Rehab

EMPLOYMENT SETTINGS

EMPLOYMENT SETTINGSSecondary SchoolCollege/UniversityProfessional TeamsSports Medicine Clinic/Physical TherapyIndustrial SettingHospital/OutreachNon-Traditional

SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Usually faculty-athletic trainer position

Compensation based on:Released time from teachingStipend as coach

Provide limited coverage

COLLEGES/UNIVERSITIESSmall Institutions

Part-time teacher, part-time athletic trainer

Multiple sportsAlso provide coverage to intramurals & club programs

Long hoursLimited resources

Major InstitutionsFull-time athletic trainers

Works only for dept of athletics

One sportLong hours!Abundance of resources, personnel

PROFESSIONAL TEAMS

Perform specific team athletic training duties for 6 months per year

Works with only one team or organization

Under contract, similar to players

SPORTS MED CLINICS/PHYSICAL THERAPYMore ATCs employed in this setting than in any other

Varies from clinic to clinicMost ATCs treat patients with sports-related injuries in am & contract out to high schools in pm

Salaries are typically slightly higher than in more traditional settings

May be responsible for marketing of sports medicine program

INDUSTRIAL/MILITARYBecoming common for ATC to work in a prevention role

Oversee fitness and injury rehabilitation programs for employees

Must understand concepts behind ergonomics

May be assigned to conduct wellness programs & provide education and individual counseling

Also employed by federal law enforcement agencies (i.e.. FBI, CIA, DEA)

NON-TRADITIONAL X-Games Dance Company Olympics (Summer & Winter sports)