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Edexcel ScienceiGCSE Physics

V. Magnetism and Electromagnetism

2019-2020

Name:________________Physics Teacher:______________

House CG Test Score

Year 11 (d)

Specification Checklist

6.01 use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V) and watt (W)

6.02 know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances

6.03 describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials

6.04 understand the term magnetic field line

6.05 know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic

field

6.06 practical: investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and

between two bar magnets

6.07 describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field

pattern

6.08 know that an electric current in a conductor produces a magnetic field around it

6.12 understand why a force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, and

how this effect is applied in simple d.c. electric motors and loudspeakers

6.13 use the left-hand rule to predict the direction of the resulting force when a wire

carries a current perpendicular to a magnetic field

6.14 describe how the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field changes

with the magnitude and direction of the field and current

Magnetism and Electromagnetism – Science (Physics) 2

Key Words

Key Word Image Definition

Alternating Current (a.c.)

Current that repeatedly Changes Direction. This is what comes out of your plug socket.

Direct Current (d.c.) Current that travels in a single direction. This is what is

used in batteries and most computers/phones.

Field Line An indication of the strength and direction of the magnetic field. The denser the lines the stronger the field.

Hard/Soft Magnetic Material

A measure of how quickly a material loses its magnetic properties over time. Soft materials become non-magnetic much faster than hard.

Iron CoreThe centre of an electromagnet. It boosts the power of a solenoid/

Left Hand Rule (Motor Effect)

The relationship between Magnetic Field Direction, Electrical current in a wire and the Force on the wire while inside a magnetic field.

Magnetic Field An area where other magnetic objects experience a force of attraction and repulsion.

Magnetic Material A material that is attracted to a magnet or can be

magnetic. E.g. Iron, Nickel, Steel, Cobalt.

Permanent Magnet A hard magnetic material that will not lose its magnetism

over time.

Right Hand Rule

The relationship between current in a wire and the shape of the field around it.

SolenoidA coil of wire with electricity running through it. Produces a magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet.


1: Magnetic Fields

Knowledge and Understanding Recap QuizUse the knowledge you have gained since Shell to answer the following questions

1. What is the mass of an object that weighs 2N on Earth?

……………… (2)

2. What is the law of conservation of energy?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

3. What is the definition of a longitudinal wave?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

4. What is the purpose of the control rods in a nuclear reactor?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

5. If a 50N box has a base area of 3m2, what pressure is it putting down on the ground?

……………… (3)

6. What is the definition of frequency?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

7. A Planet orbits the Sun in 567 days. It has an orbital radius of 70 000km. What is the

orbital speed of the planet?

(3)

Score [ /15]


Learning Outcomes:

1. Define what is meant by a ‘magnetic field’ 2. Describe an experiment to investigate the magnetic field pattern around a

bar magnet3. Sketch the shape and direction of the magnetic field around a bar magnet

including the direction.

Magnets and Magnetic Fields.

Key Ideas

1. Magnets are able to attract object made from magnetic materials (e.g. iron, steel, nickel and cobalt)

2. Magnetism is induced in these magnetic materials when they are placed in a magnetic field.

3. Permanent magnets are made from magnetically hard materials (e.g. steel) which keeps its magnetism once it has been magnetised.

4. The strongest part of a magnet are it’s poles, North and South, 5. Around every magnet there is a region of space where we can detect magnetism

(where magnetic materials will be affected). 6. This is called the magnetic field and in a diagram we represent this with magnetic

field lines.


7. The magnetic field lines should always point from north to south.


V1: Plotting Magnetic Field Lines

In this investigation you are going to use a compassto map the field lines around a bar magnet.

In what directions do the field lines point?

……………………………………………………………..

Method

1. Place your bar magnet in the centre of the next page and draw around it. 2. Place a compass at one pole of the bar magnet. 3. Draw a ‘dot’ to show there the compass is pointing, 4. Move the compass so the opposite end of the needle is pointing to the dot, 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until to reach the other pole of the magnet. 6. Do this procedure at least 5 times from different points on the pole of the magnet.

*Tip, try to be as accurate as possible when drawing your dots*7. Join up your dots to create your field line!


Health and Safety Check!

Keep any strong magnetsaway from electronicdevices.

Draw around your magnet and plot your field lines on this page.


Magnetic Field around a Bar Magnet

Key Ideas

1. Magnetic field lines never cross2. We illustrate stronger magnets by sketching the field lines closer together.3. Magnetic field lines always point from the north pole to the south pole of the magnet.


strong

weak

2: Attraction and Repulsion

Knowledge and Understanding Recap QuizUse the knowledge you have gained since Shell to answer the following questions

1. How much charge passes through a point in a circuit if a current of 5A flows of 35 seconds?

……………… (3)

2. What is the definition of time period?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

3. What is 17K in oC?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

4. What are the three types of ionising radiation?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (3)

5. A light ray is refracted through a block. An angle of incidence of 50o produces an angle

of refraction of 37o. What is the refractive index of the block?

……………… (3)

6. What is a galaxy?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

7. Sketch the magnetic field around the bar magnet below:

(2)

Score [ /15]


Learning Outcomes:

1. Describe the conditions under which magnets repel or attract2. Investigate the shape of the magnetic field during attraction and repulsion3. Describe the shape of a uniform magnetic field and under what conditions it

happens

Attraction and Repulsion

Key Ideas

1. If two poles of permanent magnets are put next to each other they will either repel or attract.

2. Similar poles (north-north or south-south) will repel each other. 3. Opposite poles (north-south) will attract each other.


V2: Plotting Magnetic Field Lines (Attract/Repel)

In this investigation you are going to use a compassto map the field lines between two magnets (once for attraction and once for repulsion)

What poles should be facing each other for repulsion?

……………………………………………………………..

What poles should be facing each other for attraction?

……………………………………………………………..

Method

1. Place your two bar magnets in the centre of the next page and draw around them.[Make sure the correct poles are facing each other].

2. Draw a ‘dot’ to show there the compass is pointing, 3. Move the compass so the opposite end of the needle is pointing to the dot, 4. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until to reach the other magnet or the end of the page. 5. Do this procedure at least 5 times from different points on the pole of the magnet.

*Tip, try to be as accurate as possible when drawing your dots*6. Join up your dots to create your field line!



Keep any strong magnetsaway from electronicdevices.

Draw around your magnet and plot your field lines on this page [ATTRACTION]


Draw around your magnet and plot your field lines on this page [REPULSION]


Magnetic Fields – Attraction and Repulsion

Key Ideas

1. When magnets are attracting we get a uniform magnetic field between the magnets. 2. A uniform magnetic field is comprised of straight, parallel lines which are evenly

spaced. 3. When magnets are repelling we get an area between the magnets where there are no

magnetic field lines at all.


Worksheet: Magnetic Field Lines

For all of the situations below, can you sketch the magnetic field? Don’t forget to include direction!

STRETCH STRETCH


3. Flemings’ Left Hand Rule

Knowledge and Understanding QuizUse the knowledge you have gained since Shell to answer the following questions

1. On the image below add:a. The shape of the magnetic field (1)b. The direction of the magnetic field (1)

2. Sketch a transverse wave below. (1)a. Label on the wavelength (1)b. Label on the amplitude (1)

3. What two conditions are required for TIR (total internal reflection) to occur?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

4. Sketch the I-V graph for a resistor.

(3)

5. What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

Score [ /11]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………


Learning Outcomes:

1. Use the left hand rule to predict the direction of movement of a current carrying wire when it is perpendicular to a magnetic field.

2. Describe ways to increase the force this wire experiences.3. Understand that any charged particle will experience a force when moving

in a magnetic field except if travelling parallel to that field.

Flemings’ Left Hand Rule

Key Ideas

1. When a charged particle (such as an electron in a wire) moves through a magnetic field it experiences a force (unless it is travelling parallel to the field).

2. This is known as the motor effect. 3. When the direction of the current and the magnetic field are perpendicular to one

another we can predict the direction of this force. 4. We do this using the left hand rule.

a. Thumb – direction of forceb. First Finger – direction of fieldc. Second finder – direction of current.


V3: Investigating Force on a wire

In this investigation you are going to investigate what factors affect the force experienced by a current carrying wire in a magnetic field.

What two factors are you going to investigate?

1. ……………………………………………..

2. ……………………………………………..

In this investigation the method is written in the questions and will be underlined so it is vital that you work methodically through these.

V5: Method and questions

1. Set up your equipment as per the diagram above. Connect and Ammeter in series with the wire. Do not turn on the power supply. What happens to the wire?……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Set your power supple to 1V and switch it on.

Record the reading on the Ammeter: …………..

What happened to the wire?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Increase the voltage of the power supply to 2V

Record the reading on the Ammeter: …………..


……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….



Do not leave current flowing through the wireon for too long – wire may overheat.

North

-+

MagnetsYoke

Wire

4. What is the link between current in the wire and the force on the wire?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. To increase the strength of the magnetic field add another magnet to each side of the

yoke.


……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. To increase the strength of the magnetic field further add two more magnets.


……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. What is the link between the strength of the magnetic field and the force on the wire?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8. Drawing on your knowledge from electromagnetic, can you suggest another way to

increase the force on the wire?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….


Worksheet – Electromagnetism and Left Hand Rule

Q1.The diagram shows apparatus set up by a student.

Closing the switch creates a force that acts on the wire XY.

(a) (i) Explain why a force acts on the wire XY when the switch is closed.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................(3)

(ii) The force causes the wire XY to move.Draw an arrow on the diagram above to show the direction in which the wire XY will move.

(1)

(iii) State the effect that this experiment demonstrates.

...............................................................................................................(1)

(b) The student replaced the battery with a low frequency alternating current (a.c.) power supply.

The student closed the switch.

(i) Describe the movement of the wire.

...............................................................................................................(1)


(ii) Give a reason for your answer to part (i).

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................(1)

Q2.(a) Some people wear magnetic bracelets to relieve pain.

Figure 1 shows a magnetic bracelet.

There are magnetic poles at both A and B.Part of the magnetic field pattern between A and B is shown.

Figure 1

What is the pole at A? ...........................................

What is the pole at B? ...........................................(1)

(1)

(b) Fleming’s left-hand rule can be used to identify the direction of a force acting on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.

(i) Complete the labels in Figure 3.

Figure 3

(2)


(ii) Figure 4 shows:

• the direction of the magnetic field between a pair of magnets

• the direction of the current in a wire in the magnetic field.

Figure 4

In which direction does the force on the wire act?

..............................................................................................................(1)

(iii) Suggest three changes that would decrease the force acting on the wire.

1 ..........................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................

3 ..........................................................................................................(3)


(d) Figure 5 shows part of a moving-coil ammeter as drawn by a student.

The ammeter consists of a coil placed in a uniform magnetic field.When there is a current in the coil, the force acting on the coil causes the coil to rotate and the pointer moves across the scale.

Figure 5

(i) The equipment has not been set up correctly.

What change would make it work?

..............................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................(1)

(ii) Figure 6 shows the pointer in an ammeter when there is no current.

Figure 6

What type of error does the ammeter have?

..............................................................................................................(1)

Score [ /17]


4: Motors and Loudspeakers

Knowledge and Understanding Recap QuizUse the knowledge you have gained in the topic so far to answer the following questions.

1. Sketch the shape and direction of the magnetic field around the following:

(2)

2. What is a uniform magnetic field?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2)

3. Give one way to decrease the force experienced by a current carrying wire in a

magnetic field.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

4. When will a wire not experience a force when in a magnetic field?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… (1)

5. Label the quantities represented by the fingers in Fleming’s Left hand rule.

(3)

6. In what direction will the wire move in each of the examples below:

(3)

Score [ /12]


Learning Outcomes:

1. Describe how a motor works using the left hand rule. 2. Describe how a loudspeaker works using the left hand rule.

V4: Demo - The Motor

Key Ideas

1. How is a Motor working? Current flows in the wire/coil. This creates a magnetic field around the wire/coil. This magnetic field interacts with the field from the permanent magnet. This produces a force on the wire/coil which moves the wire/coil.

2. In the diagram above: AB experiences upward force CD experiences downward force The coil rotates (clockwise)

3. The split-ring commutator changes the direction of the current every half turn as it spins. This reverses the direction of the forces, allowing the coil to continue spinning.



Do not leave current flowing through the wireon for too long – wire/motor may overheat.

B

C

D

A

V5: Demo - The Loudspeaker

Key Ideas

How is a loudspeaker working?

An alternating current from the source passes though the coils in the speaker. This current is constantly changing direction and magnitude This current creates a magnetic field around the coil This field interacts with the magnetic field from the permanent magnets Creating a constantly changing force on the coil. This causes the coil to vibrate in and out as the direction of the force changes,

moving the cone The cone causes vibrations which we hear as sound waves.



Do not leave current flowing through the foilon for too long – foil may overheat.

Very strong magnet. Keep away from phonesand pacemakers.

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj8hv-vkvLeAhVLrxoKHd81AZgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/io/io_8.html&psig=AOvVaw31d_riqGNP-GJHguulB03p&ust=1543322659001932

Worksheet – Loudspeakers and Motors

Q1. The photograph shows a simple d.c. electric motor.

(a) When the switch is closed the coil spins.Explain why this happens.

(3) .............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Describe two ways to increase the speed of rotation of the coil in this motor.(2)

1.................................................................................................................................................

2.................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest how to make the coil spin in the opposite direction.(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................


Q2. In the radio, sound is produced by a loudspeaker.

The diagram shows the construction of a loudspeaker.

Describe how a loudspeaker uses an electrical supply to produce sound waves.(5)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Score [ /11]


Stretch Activity – The Electromagnet

Below is a diagram of an electromagnet

Using the textbook/computer to research the answers to the following questions:

1. What is an electromagnet?2. What is the benefit of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet?3. How do you make an electromagnet stronger?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Stretch Activity – The Electric Bell

Below is a diagram on an electric bell circuit.

Using the knowledge you have gained in the topic, can you explain how the bell works? You will need to link to hard/soft materials, electromagnets and magnetism.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Past Paper Questions

Q1.

The photograph shows a plotting compass and a small bar magnet.


(a) Describe how you should use this apparatus to investigate the magnetic field patternof the bar magnet.

(3) .............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Add the magnetic field pattern of the bar magnet to the diagram below.(3)

(Total for question = 6 marks)


Q2.

(a) State what is meant by the term magnetic field line.(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diagram shows a cross-section through a wire placed between two magnetic poles.

The wire carries electric current into the page at X.

The shape of the magnetic field is shown.

(i) Add arrows to any two lines to show the direction of the magnetic field.(1)

(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force on the wire.Label this arrow F.

(2)

(c) Describe the magnetic field in the region inside the dotted square.(2)

............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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Q3.

A magnetic field pattern can be shown using lines.

(a) The diagram shows some magnetic field patterns.

Which pattern shows a uniform magnetic field? Explain your answer.(2)

Pattern........................................................................................................................................

Explanation................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how to produce a uniform magnetic field.(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

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Q4.

Some students are investigating a simple electric motor.

(a) When the switch is closed the coil spins on the axle.State why.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) State two changes that would make the motor spin faster.(2)

1 ................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................



Q5.

The diagram shows a piece of card and two wide bar magnets.

(a) (i) Add to the diagram to show the shape and direction of the magnetic fieldpattern between the magnets.

(3)(ii) Describe how to investigate the shape and direction of the magnetic fieldbetween the magnets.

(3) .............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(b) A metal rod, X Y, is placed in a magnetic field as shown.

Wires from a cell are connected to the ends of the rod so that there is a currentfrom X to Y.

(2)Describe the effect on the rod. .............................................................................................................................................

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Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Spec Point Notes

Magnetism and Electromagnetism Specification Notes

6.01 use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V) and watt (W)

6.02 know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances


6.03 describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials

6.04 understand the term magnetic field line

Around every magnet there is a region of space where we can detect magnetism (where magnetic materials will be affected).

This is called the magnetic field and in a diagram we represent this with magnetic field lines.

The magnetic field lines should always point from north to south.

6.05 know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic

field

When magnetic materials

are bought near or touch the pole of

a strong or permanent magnet, they

become magnets. This magnetic

character is induced on the objects

and it is removed when the permanent

magnet is removed.


https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnwZ3IuPLeAhXixoUKHdtCAEAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/8369070/&psig=AOvVaw0_lYSIEz5V2SSdC0J5o3T0&ust=1543334869573746

6.06 practical: investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and

between two bar magnets

[see practical’s on pages 6 and 11]

Single bar magnet:

Between magnets:

6.07 describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field

pattern

A uniform magnetic field is comprised of straight, parallel lines which are evenly spaced.


https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjfu5jFufLeAhVrxYUKHQZxCosQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://classnotes.org.in/class-10/magnetic-effects-of-electric-current/magnetic-field-and-field-lines/&psig=AOvVaw1sgiGg64-2shFYVl42zSPu&ust=1543335065289678

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjs5pjmufLeAhUM4YUKHda3BN0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.ece.neu.edu/fac-ece/nian/mom/work.html&psig=AOvVaw2Y4ZefkgtmtzbmovSDYViT&ust=1543335177925338

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjQtP3bufLeAhVP5IUKHUD3A8wQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.ece.neu.edu/fac-ece/nian/mom/work.html&psig=AOvVaw2Y4ZefkgtmtzbmovSDYViT&ust=1543335177925338

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjt2I2YuvLeAhWm4IUKHTlCD0sQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://gcsehelpblog.wordpress.com/tag/6-7-describe-how-to-use-two-permanent-magnets-to-produce-a-uniform-magnetic-field-pattern/&psig=AOvVaw2G_jYteuE9wyoovuToFGxK&ust=1543335306120632

6.08 know that an electric current in a conductor produces a magnetic field around it

6.12 understand why a force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, and

how this effect is applied in simple d.c. electric motors and loudspeakers

Please see pages 25 and 26 for model answers for this spec point.


https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiSmeiuuvLeAhVPrxoKHaI1B88QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://serc.carleton.edu/details/images/46549.html&psig=AOvVaw3xNIaiFaZY6Gj8v2CThrbT&ust=1543335343511481

6.13 use the left-hand rule to predict the direction of the resulting force when a wire

carries a current perpendicular to a magnetic field

6.14 describe how the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field changes

with the magnitude and direction of the field and current

If you increase the magnitude of the current through a wire or the size of the

magnet being used, you increase the force on the wire.

If you change the direction of the current or reverse the poles of the magnet,

you change the direction of the force on the wire.


https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwil4amfu_LeAhWQzIUKHTCZAjoQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.electricaleasy.com/2014/03/flemings-left-and-right-hand-rule.html&psig=AOvVaw1euKF6Nu5AL17E582oe5x6&ust=1543335589177306

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