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Chapter 02 - The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca. 4000–550 B.C.E.

1. In, the Epic of Gilgamesh, the man-creature who gets transformed into only a man is nameda. Gilgamesh.b. Uruk.c. Sargon.d. Ishtar.e. Enkidu.

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Chapter Introduction

2. The defining characteristics of a complex and large urban center include all of the following EXCEPTa. large populations numbering in the tens of thousands.b. specialized labor.c. complex writing systems.d. social stratification.e. rulers held in high regard.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Emergence of Complex Society in Mesopotamia, ca. 3100–1590

B.C.E.

3. Which type of environment did the first settlers encounter in Mesopotamia?a. ample rainb. manageable riversc. sufficient wild grains to sustain a growing populationd. stable and ready for farminge. harsh and unpredictable

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

4. Enkidu, prior to being introduced to civilized arts, had never had bread ora. honey.b. beer.c. wine.d. meat.e. berries.

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: World History in Today’s World: Recreating the World’s Oldest

Brew

5. Gilgamesh is described as two-thirds divine and one-third human because

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a. it was believed that his father was human.b. it was believed that his mother was human.c. his father had not mated with a god.d. his mother had not mated with a god.e. his parents had not contributed equally to his creation.

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Sumerian

Religion

6. Ancient Sumerians believed that their hostile environment was managed bya. the temple priest.b. the local king.c. scientific laws and

rules.d. the gods.e. neighboring sorcerers.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Sumerian

Religion

7. The main evidence for the formation of complex society among the Hebrews, between 1,000 and 900 B.C.E., wasa. large urban centers with massive

walls.b. the compiling of the Hebrew Bible.c. acceptance of God’s authority.d. exquisite and varied cuisine.e. the acquisition of slaves.

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Weighing Archeology and the Bible to Reconstruct the Ancient Hebrew Past

8. The epic story Gilgamesh is used by historians toa. provide information about the early history of Uruk.b. follow the migrations of Homo sapiens.c. describe how Mesopotamians created a large empire that reached the borders of

India.d. describe the early development of monarchies.e. explain, in detail, the assault and destruction of Uruk.

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Context and Connections: The Place of Mesopotamia and Egypt in World History


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9. Neolithic farmers’ tools were made of either stone, wood, ora. iron.b. ivory.c. copper.d. bronze.e. bone.

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

10. How did the early Mesopotamians improve the wheel?a. They made wheels from lighter metal.b. They made wheels from heavier wood.c. Spokes were added.d. Wheels were lined with leather.e. Special animal fat was used to reduce friction.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

11. What helps to explain why Mesopotamians from all social strata drank beer?a. They all wanted to be drunk and forget about life’s difficulties.b. There were no other options.c. They thought they had to follow Gilgamesh’s example

regularly.d. They considered it safer to drink than water.e. They were not educated well enough to know better.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: World History in Today’s World: Recreating the World’s Oldest

Brew

12. The transition to writing involved the need to recorda. increasingly complex transactions.b. prayers and chants to the gods.c. the life and accomplishments of kings and

generals.d. ancient stories of mythology.e. universal events.

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

13. What is meant when a writing system is described as phonetic?Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero

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a. It has developed both small and capital lettering.b. It has a specific and recognizable symbol for each word.c. It is based completely on sound.d. It has combined symbols and sounds from many languages.e. It has developed a written language that can be read only by priests.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

14. Why was Ishtar important to the residents of Uruk?a. She was the goddess of fertility.b. She was the goddess of the harvest.c. She was the goddess that protected the city and its

habitants.d. He was the greatest general of the time.e. He was the high priest of the temple.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

15. Enkidu was killed by the gods because hea. refused to marry Ishtar.b. had killed Gilgamesh.c. challenged the place of the gods in Sumerian

society.d. killed the bull that was sent to kill Gilgamesh.e. led an army against Uruk.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Sumerian

Religion

16. The word “cuneiform” refers toa. the Mesopotamian imitation of Egyptian hieroglyphs.b. the wedge-shaped instrument used to write in Mesopotamia.c. the clay used to write on by Mesopotamians.d. the kind of iron found in Egyptian soil.e. Mesopotamian scribes.

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

17. When did southern Mesopotamia develop a writing system?


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a. when it came in contact with Chinese and Egyptian culturesb. in 3300 B.C.E.c. during the migration of Homo sapiens out of Africad. with the development of small villagese. in 3300 C.E.

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

18. Secondary sources in history are defined asa. the second account of an event left by people at the time in question.b. discredited accounts of history written by older generations of historians.c. commentary on history not written by the people from the time in question.d. the only sources we have left.e. accounts of the past left by the generation following a described event.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Complex Societies and the Discipline of

History

19. What important part in the Bible is also a part of Gilgamesh's epic travels?a. The creation of manb. The role of heaven and hellc. The Ten Commandantsd. The end of the Sumerian worlde. The Great Flood

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Weighing Archaeology and the Bible to Reconstruct the Ancient Hebrew Past

20. The word “Mesopotamia” was Greek fora. mud huts.b. people of the fake Gods.c. between the rivers.d. too much sand.e. dangerous barbarians.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca. 4000–550

B.C.E.

21. In conquering peoples of many different languages, religions, and traditions over a vast area, Sargon of Akkad developed the world's first


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a. military state ruled by a governor.b. state ruled by temple priests.c. empire.d. theocracy.e. government with elected

officials.ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Sumerian

Government

22. The legal concept of “an eye for an eye” is associated most witha. the ancient

Hebrews.b. Sargon of Akkad.c. Ashurbanipal.d. Hammurabi.e. Gilgamesh.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E.

23. Hammurabi's code is not associated witha. the recognition of different social groups.b. interest rates on loans.c. establishing model cases for future codes.d. operating only among equals.e. fines that must be paid in silver or gold

coins.ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E.

24. Hammurabi's code contained all the following provisions concerning women EXCEPT thata. women could not inherit wealth.b. women could be drowned for adultery.c. women could initiate divorce proceedings.d. all marriages had to be signed in legal documents.e. women could present their grievances to a judge and court.

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E.

25. After the death of Hammurabi, who destroyed Babylonia?Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero

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a. The Egyptiansb. The Sumeriansc. The Hittitesd. The Hunse. The Phoenicians

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E.

26. The unification of ancient Egypt was made possible by thea. pharaohs’ godliness.b. susceptibility of ancient Egyptians to centralization.c. imposition of unification by outsiders.d. Tigris and Euphrates.e. Nile River’s geography.

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egypt During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, ca. 3100–1500 B.C.E.

27. The Egyptian climate should be understood asa. tempestuous

.b. humid.c. destructive.d. mild.e. severe.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Central Role of the Nile

28. On the Nile River, the First Cataract formed a natural barrier between Egypt anda. Libya.b. the Sinai Peninsula.c. Nubia.d. Arabia.e. the Mediterranean.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Central Role of the Nile

29. Irrigation along the Nile was necessary because of a relative lack ofa. rainfall.b. labor.


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c. imports.d. exports.e. access to the Mediterranean

Sea.ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Central Role of the Nile

30. Which term best describes Egyptian writing?a. Sanskritb. Hieroglyphsc. Sumeriand. Hittitee. Nubian

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

31. The Rosetta Stone alloweda. ancient Egyptian scribes to learn how to write.b. Mesopotamians to understand Egyptian

writing.c. Egyptian writing to survive the elements.d. modern people to decipher hieroglyphs.e. Egyptian scribes to get paid.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

32. Who was credited with founding the First Dynasty, which consolidated all of Egypt into a single kingdom?a. Sargonb. Narmerc. Tutd. Manethoe. Enkidu

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

33. Why did pharaohs often marry their closest relatives?a. To guarantee the dynasty would remain in the same family line


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b. To avoid upsetting the godsc. To heighten their status with the peopled. To unite with those sharing their divine statuse. To follow the rules of the high priests

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

34. Who handled all matters of state for a pharaoh?a. His first wifeb. His oldest sonc. The priestsd. The scribese. The vizier

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

35. By serving in what role could a person potentially gain a rare chance for upward mobility in ancient Egypt?a. Military soldiersb. Farmersc. Scribesd. Foreign diplomatse. Assassins

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

36. Approximately how many of the pyramids’ builders were skilled laborers?a. 0b. 500c. 1,000d. 5,000e. 15,000

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

37. The years of the Old Kingdom were known for all the following characteristics EXCEPTa. prosperity.


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b. major military victories in Mesopotamia.c. political stability.d. construction of impressive monuments.e. increased complexity of Egyptian society.

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

38. According to Egyptian belief, ka was a life-force in each individual's body. What sustained this force?a. Good worksb. Contributions to the templec. Body energyd. Obedience to the pharaohe. Military service to the

pharaohANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

39. The Great Pyramid was built toa. receive human sacrifices for the gods.b. be the largest temple ever constructed in Egypt.c. ask the gods to relieve the ongoing drought of the time.d. house the life-force of Khufu.e. serve as a warehouse for grains to be given to

commoners.ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

40. What was one important characteristic of the workers who built the Great Pyramid?a. Workers were exclusively male.b. Skilled laborers were the only ones allowed to work on the pyramid.c. Laborers who worked inside the pharaoh's chamber were sacrificed once the chamber was completed.d. Slaves were prohibited from working on the pyramid.e. Architects were brought in from Mesopotamia.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

41. The “black land” of Egypt refers toa. the fertile soil along the banks of the Nile.b. its vast prison system.


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c. the countries at its borders.d. the scorched-earth policies of Khufu.e. the look of the land at night when the kas wandered.

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Central Role of the Nile

42. Although the process of mummification dates back to 2400 B.C.E., who provided modern-day historians with detailed written descriptions?

a. Khufub. Palace priests of the Old Kingdomc. Saladind. Akhenatene. Herodotus

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

43. What was the purpose of mummification or embalming to the Egyptians?a. Desire to travel into eternity with one's body intactb. Fear that a decayed body would bring a curse to the familyc. Concern that an untreated body would be stolen by the god of the underworldd. Concern that the spirit of the deceased would come back as a slavee. Concern for plague

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

44. Egyptians believed that after death, the deceased had to appear before what deity to determine if they would be allowed to enter the realm of eternal happiness?

a. Osirisb. Amun-Rac. Atend. Wen-Amune. Ka

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

45. According to Egyptian beliefs, when the dead encounter the god Osiris at the moment of judgment, what should they do?

a. Fight a duel with the god.b. Give him a bag of gold.


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c. Deny having committed any crimes.d. Wait silently.e. Make an offering of three cattle and a casket of

beer.ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

46. The most outrageous act an Egyptian could perpetrate wasa. taking the Pharaoh’s name in vain.b. failing to get married.c. getting a divorce.d. drinking too much beer in public.e. diverting water from a neighbor’s supply.

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

47. The Middle Kingdom period in Egyptian history was initiated by a ruler froma. Thebes.b. Apis.c. Thinis.d. Nekhen.e. Asyut

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Expansion During the Middle Kingdom, 2040–1782 B.C.E.

48. The Egyptian military defeat during the Middle Kingdom was NOT caused bya. Hyksos using horse-pulled chariots.b. Egyptian elephants.c. Hyksos bows made of wood and bone.d. an alliance between the Hyksos and Nubians.e. Syrians and Palestinians settling in the Egyptian Delta

area.ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Expansion During the Middle Kingdom, 2040–1782 B.C.E.

49. What was one important political development of Egypt's New Kingdom period?a. Egypt was ruled by military generals.b. Egypt exchanged diplomats with outside kingdoms.c. The pharaoh ruled with a council of regional governors.


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d. Temple priests became the true heads of government behind politically weaker pharaohs.e. Foreigners became pharaohs.

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The International System, 1500–1150 B.C.E.

50. What was the base of power of the Hittites, Egypt's main rivals?a. Anatoliab. Cretec. Cyprusd. Nubiae. Iran

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The International System, 1500-1150

B.C.E.

51. Nubia’s most valuable natural resource wasa. slaves.b. marble.c. gold.d. silver.e. myrrh.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

52. What did gold represent to the Egyptians?a. The conquest of Nubiab. Successful harvestsc. Immortalityd. Blessings from the godse. Victory over the god of the

underworldANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

53. The only woman pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty wasa. Nefertiti.b. Cleopatra I.c. Hatshepsut.d. Cleopatra VII.


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e. Ankhesenamen.ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

54. The pharaoh associated with Aten wasa. Ramesses II.b. Tutankhamen.c. Narmer.d. Akhenaten.e. Hatshepsut.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

55. King Piye, the conqueror of Egypt, was froma. Anatolia.b. Babylon.c. Judea.d. Assyria.e. Nubia.

ANSWER: ePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 B.C.E.–350 C.E.

56. Scholars have not been able to understand Meroitic script because ita. is not a phonetic language.b. is not related to any living language.c. has no Indo-European base.d. seems to be a combination of Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit.e. has a base in both hieroglyphs and hieratic script.

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 B.C.E.–350 C.E.

57. After 300 B.C.E., the Nubians shifted their capital from Napata toa. Thebes.b. Amarna.c. Tripoli.d. Meroë.e. Khartoum.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1


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REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 B.C.E.–350 C.E

58. What major military development of the Hittites gave them an advantage against their enemies?a. Alliances with strong military powersb. Use of elephantsc. The phalanxd. Weapons made of irone. Ironclad ships

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Hittites, 2000–1200 B.C.E., and the Durability of Trade

59. In reference to the reading, The Mummy of Hornedjitef: High Priest at Karnak, a CAT scan of Hornedjitef's mummy showed

a. missing organs.b. a petrified brain.c. an unbandaged mummy structure.d. the remains of a man who during life was of importance and high

station.e. organs placed in a separate container.

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Reading the Mummy of Hornedjitef: High Priest at Karnak

60. The first people in the eastern Mediterranean to practice monotheism were thea. Egyptians under Akhenaten.b. Zoroastrians.c. Hebrews.d. Christians after St Paul.e. Sumerians.

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Syria-Palestine and New Empires in Western Asia, 1200–500 B.C.E.

61. Which group argues that archaeology confirms what the Hebrew Bible says?a. Jewsb. Maximalistsc. archaeologistsd. anthropologistse. Israelites

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Weighing Archaeology and the Bible to Reconstruct the Ancient Hebrew Past


Name: Class: Date:


62. Whom did the Neo-Babylonians conquer?a. Egyptiansb. Assyriansc. Hebrewsd. Persianse. Philistine

sANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Captivity and the Recording of the Bible, 612–539 B.C.E.

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.

63. GilgameshANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Chapter Introduction

64. Complex societyANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Emergence of Complex Society in Mesopotamia, ca. 3100–1590

B.C.E.

65. MesopotamiaANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Chapter Introduction

66. city-stateANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

67. bronzeANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

68. wheelANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

69. Enkidu


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ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: World History in Today’s World: Recreating the World’s Oldest

Brew

70. SumerANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

71. irrigation channelsANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Central Role of the Nile

72. UrukANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca. 4000–550

B.C.E.

73. cuneiformANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

74. social stratificationANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Emergence of Complex Society in Mesopotamia, ca. 3100–1590

B.C.E.

75. empireANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Sumerian

Government

76. Sargon of AkkadANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Sumerian

Government

77. monotheism


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ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Syria-Palestine and New Empires in Western Asia, 1200-500

B.C.E.

78. pharaohANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egypt During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, ca. 3100–1500 B.C.E.

79. KhufuANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

80. NubiaANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 b.c.e.–350 C.E.

81. hieroglyphsANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 b.c.e.–350 C.E.

82. papyrusANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

83. Hammurabi's Code of LawsANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E.

84. OsirisANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

85. the Pyramid AgeANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.


Name: Class: Date:


86. the Great PyramidANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

87. scribesANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

88. hieraticANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

89. HittitesANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Hittites, 2000–1200 B.C.E., and the Durability of Trade

90. mummificationANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Place of Mesopotamia and Egypt in World History

91. ironANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

92. First Intermediate PeriodANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

93. Second Intermediate PeriodANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Expansion During the Middle Kingdom, 2040–1782 B.C.E.

94. Amun-RaANSWER: Answers will vary.


Name: Class: Date:


POINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

95. HatshepsutANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

96. AkhenatenANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

97. Meroitic scriptANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 b.c.e.–350 C.E.

98. brotherANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

99. Royal Cemetery at MeroëANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 b.c.e.–350 C.E.

100. Book of the DeadANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Reading the Mummy of Hornedjitef: High Priest at Karnak

Complex Societies and the Discipline of History

101. YahwehANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Syria-Palestine and New Empires in Western Asia, 1200–500 B.C.E.

102. JewANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Weighing Archaeology and the Bible to Reconstruct the Ancient Hebrew Past

103. Standard of UrCengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero

Name: Class: Date:


ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Documenting the Violence of War: The Standard of Ur

104. The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest recorded works of literature in the world.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca. 4000–550

B.C.E.

105. Walled cities did not appear in ancient Mesopotamia until at least 1500 B.C.E.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

106. To date, recreations of ancient Mesopotamian beer have finally been made both palatable and sweet.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: World History in Today’s World: Recreating the World’s Oldest

Brew

107. Hammurabi’s code of laws not only promoted his authority but also served as the basis for legal decisions made by judges at the time.

a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E

108. Egyptians believed that each individual had a life-force, known as ka, which was sustained by their body energy.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: TruePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.

109. A pharaoh married his own sister to reinforce the essence of his divine status.a. True


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b. FalseANSWER: TruePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Government and Society: Unity Without City-

States

110. The Second Intermediate Period was sparked by a failed Egyptian invasion into the land of the Hyksos.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egyptian Expansion During the Middle Kingdom, 2040–1782 B.C.E.

111. The script used by the Nubians is called Meroitic.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: TruePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 B.C.E–350 C.E.

112. Though she was the only female pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, Hatshepsut accomplished little of note.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.

113. The Hebrew Bible was mostly written at the time of the Patriarch Abraham, somewhere close to 2500 B.C.E.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1REFERENCES: Weighing Archaeology and the Bible to Reconstruct the Ancient Hebrew Past

114. What type of physical geography was encountered by the first settlers of southern Mesopotamia, and how did they react to it?ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Chapter Introduction

City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

115. Describe the social and economic changes that developed in ancient Mesopotamia as large cities emerged.ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1


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REFERENCES: City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

116. To what extent was the ancient Near East an interlocking set of communities from 1500 to 1150 B.C.E.?ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The International System, 1500–1150 B.C.E.

New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570-1069 B.C.E.The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 B.C.E. – 350 C.E.The Hittites, 2000-1200 B.C.E. and the Durability of Trade

117. Consider the following statement: History must always be studied in its own timeframe to be understood. Using this statement as a reference point, discuss how the portrayal of gods in the Epic of Gilgamesh reflects its historical timeframe.ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Flood Narrative in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Bible

Complex Societies and the Discipline of HistoryContext and Connections: The Place of Mesopotamia and Egypt in World History

118. As societies became more complex, it became necessary to devise a means of communication and record keeping. Describe the various stages of the development of writing in Sumer.ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.

119. Why were the Assyrians known for their cruelty and harsh treatment of peoples they had defeated? How do the tactics and strategies used by Assyrian leaders differ from their predecessors and successors?ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: The Assyrian Empire, 911–612 B.C.E.

120. What were the major transformations in Egyptian society from the Old Kingdom through the Middle Kingdom periods??ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Egypt During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, ca. 3100–1500 B.C.E.

121. Religions often refer to major dates, events, or individuals that were important to the birth and evolution of the religion. Judaism considers Abraham to be in this category. Discuss Abraham's place in early Hebrew history.ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Weighing Archaeology and the Bible to Reconstruct the Ancient Hebrew Past

122. How did the Hebrew people fit into the history of the ancient Near East?ANSWER: Answers will vary.POINTS: 1REFERENCES: Syria-Palestine and New Empires in Western Asia, 1200–500 B.C.E.


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