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Final Exam Review Packet June 2011

1. Human blood types A, B, AB, and O are determined by multiple alleles. If one

parent is heterozygous for type A (AO) and the other is heterozygous for type B

(BO), what are the possible blood types of the offspring?

A) only AB

B) AB, A and B

C) only O

D) AB, A, B and O

2. Which of the following structures in muscles cells would most likely increase in

number as a result of athletic training?

A) nucleus

B) golgi

C) mitochondria

D) chloroplast

3. Algae and multicellular plants are autotrophs because they —

A) decompose dead organisms

B) absorb nutrients from soil

C) break down starches to glucose

D) capture sunlight to produce sugars

4.

5. Until recently, the myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler were thoughts to be

separate species of birds because the males have very different appearances. Which of

the following observations most likely led to the reclassification of these warblers as one

specie?

A) The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler have the same diet

B) The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler lay the same number of eggs

C) The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler have overlapping geographical ranges.

D) The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler interbreed and produce fertile offspring

6. Which of the following maches a cell organelle and its function?

A) chloroplast – movement

B) nucleus – cell regulation

C) vacuole – energy production

D) mitochondria – photosynthesis

7. Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46

chromosomes?

A) an egg cell with 46 chromosomes

B) a liver cell with 23 chromosomes

C) a blood cell with 46 chromosomes

D) a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes

8. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the kidneys and

the liver to the circulatory system?

A) the kidneys and the liver pump blood.

B) the kidneys and the liver produce blood cells

C) the kidneys and the liver remove waste from blood.

D) the kidneys and the liver make blood-clotting proteins

9. The diagram below shows an energy pyramid.

Approximately how much energy is available to the secondary consumers in this

energy pyramid?

A) 10 kcal/m2/year

B) 100 kcal/m2/year

C) 1,000 kcal/m2/year

D) 5,000 kcal/m2/year

10. The scientific name for the wood chuck is Marmota Monax, and the scientific name for

the long-tailed marmot is Marmota caudata. Which of the following statements best

describe the taxonimic relationship between the woodchuck and the long-tailed

marmot?

A) they belong to different phyla.

B) they belong to the same genus

C) they belong to the same species

D) the belong to different families.

11. Which of the following is an example of codominance in genetic traits?

A) A tall pea plant and a short pea plant produce tall pea plants.

B) An orange cat and a black cat produce an orange-and-black kitten.

C) A blue-eyed man and a brown-eyed woman produce a blue-eyed child.

D) A color-blind woman and a man with normal vision produce a color-blind son.

12. The following statements all apply to one element:

used by plants in photosynthesis

found in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

recycled by decay and burning

required element in all organic molecules

What is this element?

A) Phosphorus

B) Nitrogen

C) Sulfur

D) Carbon

13. The natural cycling of oxygen between organisms and their environment is most

directly accomplished through which of the following pairs of processes?

A) fermentation and oxidation

B) transpiration and evaporation

C) photosynthesis and respiration

D) precipitation and condensation

14. What is process A in this cycle?

A) mitosis

B) replication

C) osmosis

D) fertilization

15. The atmosphere contains about 80% nitrogen gas, but nitrogen gas in this form cannot

be used by plants. Which of the following processes converts atmospheric nitrogen

to a useful form for plants?

A) nitrogen decomposition

B) nitrogen fixation

C) photosynthesis

D) transpiration

16. The diagram below describes the net movement of water molecules which is known as

A) Osmosis

B) Diffusion

C) Active transport

D) Facilated diffusion

17. Which of the following processes produces the nucleotide sequence UUA from the

sequence AAT?

A) meiosis

B) replication

C) respiration

D) transcription

18. What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system?

A) producing specialized salts that absorb fats.

B) absorbing water and minerals from undigested food

C) using muscle movements and enzymes to break down food

D) transferring nutrients from digested food to the bloodstream.

19. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. The hemoglobin

molecules produced by some people have one specific amino acid that is different

from the amino acid at that position in normal hemoglobin.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of this amino acid variation?

A) The hemoglobin gene contains a mutation

B) An error occurs during the folding of the hemoglobin protein.

C) Enzymes replace the amino acid once the hemoglobin is produced

D) An additional amino acid is mistakenly inserted into the hemoglobin during

translation

20. In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 26% of the nitrogenous bases are guanine.

What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytocine?

A) 26%

B) 24%

C) 52%

D) 100%

21. The diagram to the right represents a food web.

Which of the following are consumers in this ecosystem?

A) apple

B) clover

C) nuts

D) mice

22. Which of the following is represented by this figure?

A) The formation of gametes

B) Mitotic division of nuclei

C) Formation of a zygote

D) Translation of DNA

23. If an adult female whale has 44 chromosomes in each body cell, how many

chromosomes would you predict to be present in each of her unfertilized egg cells?

A) 11

B) 44

C) 22

D) 88

24. Which statement about photosynthesis and respiration is true

A) photosynthesis stores energy and respiration releases energy

B) respiration stores energy and photosynthesis releases energy

C) photosynthesis and respiration are the same process

D) photosynthesis and respiration do not have anything to do with energy

25. If the number of trees significantly decreases, the level of which gas in the

atmosphere might increase?

A) nitrogen

B) carbon dioxide

C) hydrogen

D) carbon monoxide

26. Which of the following statements best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction often look similar to, but exactly the same as, their parents?

a. The cells of the offspring contain all the dominant genes from the parents.b. The offspring have genetic material from both the mother and father.c. The cells of the offspring undergo mitosis many times as the offspring grow and

develop.d. The offspring have a period of embryonic development, rather than being born

immediately after fertilization.

27.

The pedigree shows the occurrence of Becker muscular dystrophy in a family. Becker

muscular dystrophy causes muscle weakness. Based on the pedigree, it is most

reasonable to conclude that Becker muscular dystrophy is which of the following?

a. Polygenic

b. A codominant trait

c. A sex-linked trait

d. An autosomal dominant trait

28. A partial Punnett square is shown. Which of the following statements describes the

parental genotypes that would result in the Punnett Square?

A. Both parents are heterozygous

B. Both parents are homozygous

C. One parent is homozygous and the other parent is heterozygous

D. One parent is homozygous dominant and the other parent is heterozygous

29. In pigeons, the allele B produces ash-red feathers. The allele b produces blue feathers.

The B allele is dominant to the b allele.

A pigeon with genotype Bb is crossed with a pigeon with genotype bb. What percentage

of the offspring are expected to have ash-red feathers?

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 100%

30. The diagram represents part of a process that occurs in cells. Which process is

represented?

a. Meiosis

b. Osmosis

c. Replication

d. Translation

31. Why is the particular sequence of bases in a segment of DNA important to cells?

a. some base sequences code for protein production.

b. some base sequences cause the release of lipids from the nucleus.

c. some base sequences contain the order of sugars in polysaccharides

d. some base sequences produce electrical signals sent to the cytoplasm

32. The diagram represents the beginning and end products of a process that occurs in the

nucleus of a cell. Which process does the diagram represent?

a. Recombination

b. Replication

c. Transcription

d. Translation

33. Which list includes only abiotic factors?

a. soil, water, air, sunlight

b. ducks, fish, soil, water

c. humidity, temperature, rodents, and grasses

d. trees, flowering plants, mosses, and ferns

34. Which of the following nucleic acids contains thymine?

a. DNA, only

b. Messenger RNA, only

c. Transfer RNA, only

d. DNA, Messenger RNA, and transfer RNA

35. What process do animals use to convert energy from food to ATP?

a. cellular respiration

b. osmosis

c. photosynthesis

d. transcription

36. Mallory has four aquatic plants of the same size and species. She submerges each plant in a separate beaker filled with 200 mL of water. She then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mallory observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 min. period. Which of the following statement best explains Mallory's observations?

a. Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light.

b. Water evaporates from plants fastest under the most intense light.

c. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.

d. Gases in the leaves of plants expand most under the most intense light.

37. In one of the steps of the carbon cycle, a person exhales a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Which of the following is most likely to happen next to the atom of carbon in this molecules?

a. It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant

b. It may become part of a protein in an animal

c. It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned

d. It may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by a bacterium

38. Which of the following occurs during photosynthesis?

a. CO2 is used to produce water

b. CO2 is absorbed by mitochondria

c. CO2 and H2O are converted to carbohydrates

d. CO2 and H2O are combined into carbonic acid

39. If scientists search other planets for possible life forms, they are likely to focus on the

presence of molecules containing which of the following elements?

a. carbon

b. iron

c. potassium

d. sodium

40. Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?

a. Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch

b. Each enzyme has a characteristic shape

c. Enzymes are long, complex fats

d. Each enzyme is made up of four subunits

41. In humans, peristalsis occurs in which organs?

a. salivary glands, esophagus, and stomach

b. stomach small intestines

c. esophagus, stomach, and small intestines

d. esophagus, small intestine, and liver

42. High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood trigger which of the following responses in

the body?

a. an increase in the rate of digestion

b. an increase in the rate of breathing

c. a decrease in the speed of the pulse

d. a decrease in the speed of the production of sweat

43. Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria

than do other cells, such as skin cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than

others?

a. The cells use more energy

b. The cells store more energy

c. The cells degrade more proteins

d. The cells divide more frequently

44. The human heart is separated into left and right sides. This type of structure provides

for the

a. prevention of blood clots in the ventricles

b. separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

c. pumping of blood directly into the atria from the ventricles

d. circulation of blood in an open circulatory system.

45. Which of the following is a body system response that adjusts body temperature when

it is higher than normal?

a. breathing rate begins to decrease

b. blood vessels near the skin constrict

c. sweat glands produce and secrete more sweat

d. Hormones increase the metabolic rate of the liver

46. The illustration represents two different cells. Which of the following statements best

identifies these two cells?

a. Cell X is a prokaryotic cell and cell Y is a eukaryotic cell

b. Cell X is an archaeal cell and cell Y is a eubacterial cell

c. Cell X is a red blood cell and cell Y is a muscle cell

d. Cell X is a plant cell and cell Y is and animal cell

47. Lobsters and spiders are both classified in the phylum Arthropoda. Lobsters and spiders are therefore also classified in the same

a. class

b. kingdom

c. genus

d. family

48. If an animal cell were to be placed in distilled water, it will swell and burst. The bursting of the cell is a result of which of the following biological processes?

a. Active transportb. Enzyme activityc. Osmosisd. Respiration

49. Which of the following macromolecules are used to build muscles and are used to speed up chemical reactions?

a. Carbohydratesb. Proteinsc. Nucleic acidsd. Lipids

50. A plain spider is crossed with a spider with patterns. The patterned spider is homozygous dominant. What percentage of the offspring from this cross are expected to be patterned instead of plain?

a. 0%b. 25%c. 50%d. 75%e. 100 %