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SPRING SEMESTER FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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Chapter 5.1: Cell Cycle Notes
1. A cycle of growth, development, and division that most cells in an organism go through
2. The period during the cell cycle of a cell’s growth and development
3. Two identical chromosomes that make up a duplicated chromosome
4. A structure that holds sister chromatids together
5. A process during which the nucleus and its contents divide
6. A process during which the cytoplasm and its contents divide
7. The two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis
Identify the phases of Mitosis for 7-10 (Word bank: Telophase, Metaphase, Prophase, and Anaphase)
8. _________________ 8b. _________________ 9. _________________ 10. _________________
11. List the 4 results of cell division:
12. A cell spends most of its life in interphase: TRUE OR FALSE
Chapter 5.2: Levels of Organization Notes
13. List the 5 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest.
14. All cells start out as ___________________ and become different types of cells through a process called
___________________________________.
Word Bank for #1-7:
Centromere
Interphase
Daughter Cells
Mitosis
Cell Cycle
Cytokinesis
Sister Chromatids
15. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Chapter 6.1: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Notes
16. Cells that only have 1 chromosome from a pair or half the genetic material from the parent cell
17. A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring
18. The female sex cells which forms in an ovary
19. The male sex cell which forms in a testis
20. A process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join together
21. The new cell that forms from fertilization
22. Cells that have pairs of chromosomes
23. Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
24. Cell division that creates sex cells
Short Answer
25. A. What is one benefit of sexual reproduction?
B. What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
26. A. What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
B. What process forms diploid cells?
C. What process forms haploid cells?
Chapter 6.2: Asexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction Notes
Short Answer 27. A. What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
B. What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
Word Bank for #16-24:
Zygote
Fertilization
Diploid
Homologous Chromosomes
Sperm
Egg
Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis
Haploid
28. Reproduction in which 2 parents contribute genetic information to form a new unique individual
29. Reproduction in which 1 parent passes on its genetic information to form a new individual that is genetically identical to the parent
30. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new animal grows from a piece of its parent
31. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on the body of the parent organism, and then falls off
32. Type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote divides to form a new organism
33. Human created process that creates an identical individual by using a cell or cluster of cells from the parent
34. Type of asexual reproduction in which a eukaryotic cell creates a new individual by going through mitosis
35. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant is grown from a piece of a parent plant
Chapter 10.1 Inheritance and Traits, Genetics Notes
36. The permanent change in the sequence of DNA in a gene
37. The genetic makeup of an organism
38. A characteristic inherited from parents, or a characteristic learned from or influenced by the environment
39. A segment of DNA that carries a code for a trait
40. The appearance of an organism resulting from the genotype
41. The passing one of traits from one generation to the next
42. For each genotype, indicate whether it is 43. For each of the genotypes, determine theheterozygous (HE) or homozygous (HO) phenotype
Aa____ ff____ Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers:BB____ Hh___ PP__________________Cc____ GG___ Pp__________________Dd____ Mm___ pp__________________
Word Bank for #28-35:
Asexual reproduction
Fission
Budding
Regeneration
Vegetative reproduction
Mitotic cell division
Cloning
Sexual reproduction
Word Bank for #36-41:
Trait
Inheritance
Gene
Genotype
Phenotype
Mutation
44. Set up the square for each of the crosses listed below. The trait being studied is round seeds (dominant) and wrinkled seeds (recessive)
Rr x rr What percentage of the offspring will be round?
Rr x Rr What percentage of the offspring will be round?
Chapter 10.2 Adaptations in Species, Adaptations Notes
45. Slight differences in inherited traits among individual members of a species
46. The process by which organisms with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation
47. An inherited trait that helps a species survive in its environment
48. A physical trait, such as color, shape, or internal structure, which increases survival
49. An adaptation that enables a species to blend in with its environment
50. An adaptation in which one species looks like another species
51. A biochemical change, such as hibernating, shedding, or spitting, which enables a species to increase survival or maintain homeostasis
52. A behavior or action, such as migration, hibernation, hunting at night, or playing dead, that increases survival
53. The selection and breeding of organisms with desired traits
Identify each type of adaptation described below as either a Structural, Behavioral, or Functional adaptation.
54. Robins migrating 59. Butterfly wings looking like a face
55. Venomous snakes 60. The lowering of a heart rate for hibernation
56. Wings on a bat 61. Bright colored flower petals
57. A beetle’s color 62. Thorns on plants
58. Wolves hunting in packs 63. Frogs having toxins in their skin
Word Bank for #45-53:
Structural Adaptations
Selective Breeding
Variations
Functional Adaptations
Adaptations
Behavioral Adaptations
Camouflage
Natural Selection
Mimicry
Chapter 7.1 Energy Processing in Plants, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Notes
64. What is photosynthesis?
65. What part of the plant photosynthesizes? What type of cell? Which organelle?
66. What type of organisms use photosynthesis? Why?
67. What is cellular respiration and where does it take place?
68. What type of organisms use cellular respiration?
Chapter 7.2 Plant Responses, Plant Responses Notes
69. A plant’s response to the number of hours of darkness in its environment
70. Plant growth or bending towards or away from a stimulus
71. An change in an organism’s environment or an environmental factor that
may cause a response
72. A plant’s response to touch
73. A plant’s response to gravitational force
74. A plant’s response to light
75. Chemical messengers within a plant
76. A plant’s response to water
Short Answer
77. A plant bending or growing towards a stimulus is a (positive/negative) tropism.
78. A plant bending or growing away from a stimulus is a (positive/negative tropism.
79. What plant hormone is responsible for phototropism?
Word Bank for #68-75:
Stimulus
Tropism
Phototropism
Thigmotropism
Geotropism
Hydrotropism
Photoperiodism
Plant hormones
Chapter 7.3 Plant Reproduction, Plant Structure and Reproduction Notes
80. These structures form in the male reproductive part of a flower, and contain sperm cells used for reproduction
81. An immature diploid plant that forms from the zygote
82. This occurs when the life cycle of an organism alternates between diploid and haploid generations
83. The ovary and other parts of the flower eventually turn into this structure which holds and protects the seeds
84. The daughter cells produced from haploid structures
85. This structure contains a plant embryo which germinates and grows into a plant
86. Label the following diagrams with the correct plant parts.
87. What is the male part of the plant called?
88. What is the female part of the plant called?
89. List the adaptations plants have to attract pollinators.
90. List the adaptations plants have for seed dispersal.
91. List the ways in which seeds are dispersed.
Word Bank for #80-85:
Alteration of generations
Spore
Pollen grain
Embryo
Seed
Fruit
Chapter 8.1 Types of Behavior, Animal Behavior Notes
92. The way an organism reacts to other organisms or to its environment
93. A behavior that is inherited
94. Learning to respond to a stimulus in a certain way
95. A seasonal dormancy used by certain animals in order to survive harsh
conditions
96. An attachment an organism forms very shortly after birth
97. A seasonal movement of organisms
98. A complex pattern of innate behaviors
Label the following behaviors as learned or innate.
99. Hibernating 100. Spinning a web101. Reading102. Releasing pheromones 103. Goslings following their mother104. Building a nest105. Conditioning106. Using tools
Chapter 8.2 Interaction with Others, Animal Behavior Notes
107. A chemical produced by one animal that influences the behavior of another animal
108. The ability of certain things to give off light
109. A group of animals working and living together
110. An area set up by animals in which they feed, mate, and raise young
111. A forceful behavior used to control other animals
112. The act of giving power to a more dominant animal
113. The holding of power by an animal with a higher social status
114. Behaviors animals exhibit in order to attract or keep a mate
short answer115. List the 4 ways in which animals communicate with each other. Chapter 9.1: Nervous System, Nervous System Notes
WORD BANK FOR #92-98innate behavior
Behavior
Instinct
Migration
Imprinting
Hibernation
Conditioning
Word Bank for #107-115
Bioluminescence
Pheromone
Society
Dominance
Submission
Territory
Aggression
Courtship
Word Bank for #116-124:
Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
Neuron
116. The part of an organism that gathers, processes, and responds to information
117. The basic functioning unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell
118. The gap between two neurons
119. System made up of the brain and the spinal cord that receives, process, stores, and transfers information
120. The part of the brain that controls memory, language, and thought
121. The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulate balance and posture
122. The area of the brain that controls involuntary functions
123. A tube-like structure of neurons that sends signals to and from the brain
124. System made of sensory and motor neurons that transmit information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body
Word Bank for #116-124:
Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
Neuron