Waseley Hills High School

Year 11 Fieldwork Question Booklet2017-2018

Name: _____________________________________Teachers Name: Mr Baker / Mrs Harris

_____________________________________

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY INVESTIGATION:Has the regeneration of Longbridge had a positive impact on its town

centre?

http://www.aqa.org.uk/resources/geography/gcse/geography/teach/fieldwork-toolkit

TICK 1. Suitable question for geographical enquiry

The factors that need to be considered when selecting suitable questions/hypotheses for geographical enquiry

1

HUMAN

The geographical theory/concept underpinning the enquiry.

Appropriate sources of primary and secondary evidence, including locations for fieldwork.

The potential risks of both human and physical fieldwork and how these risks might be reduced.

2. Selecting, measuring and recording data appropriate to the chosen enquiry

Difference between primary and secondary data.

Identification and selection of appropriate physical and human data.

Measuring and recording data using different sampling methods.

Description and justification of data collection methods.

3. Selecting appropriate ways of processing and presenting fieldwork data

Appreciation that a range of visual, graphical and cartographic methods is available.

Selection and accurate use of appropriate presentation methods.

Description, explanation and adaptation of presentation methods

4. Describing, analysing and explaining fieldwork data

Description, analysis and explanation of the results of fieldwork data.

Establish links between data sets.

Use appropriate statistical techniques.

Identification of anomalies in fieldwork data.

5. Reaching conclusions

Draw evidenced conclusions in relation to original aims of the enquiry.

6. Evaluation of geographical Enquiry

Identification of problems of data collection methods.

Identification of limitations of data collected.

Suggestions for other data that might be useful.

Extent to which conclusions were reliable.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY INVESTIGATION:Title of fieldwork enquiry:

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Has the regeneration of Longbridge had a positive impact on its town centre?

1. Suitable question for geographical enquiry

The factors that need to be considered when selecting suitable questions/hypotheses for geographical enquiry.

The geographical theory/concept underpinning the enquiry.

Appropriate sources of primary and secondary evidence, including locations for fieldwork.

Site selection criteria

Must be within 30 mins of the school Must be an urban location that has been regenerated Must have permission granted to collect data (questionnaires etc)

The potential risks of both human and physical fieldwork and how these risks might be reduced.

3

Model / Theory

Site selectio

n criteria

Risk assessment is the fundamental tool to ensure safety is effectively managed. The purpose of the Risk Assessment process is to identify hazards, assess who may be harmed and how; and manage the hazards through safe systems of work.

In line with the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidelines, centres should follow five steps to risk assessment:

1. Identify the hazards

2. Decide who might be harmed and how

3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions

4. Record your findings and implement them

5. Review your assessment and update if necessary.

Potential Risk Who might be involved Level of risk (10 = take immediate action, 9-7 consider actions, below 6 = monitor)

Precautions

Injury during transport to field location

Self, group, other pupils.

8 Travel by coach to location. Do not walk as it is accessed via the main road/dual cariageway.

Injury during data collection. Traffic injury.

Self, group, other vehicle users.

7 Use correct pedestrian crossings and ensure caution is taken when crossing roads and collecting data near car parks.

Tripping on uneven surfaces

Self – other members of the public who may be obstructed/distracted when completing methods.

3 Use main pathways. Pay attention to surroundings especially when in the process of data collection.

Complete pilot investigation – previsit.

2. Selecting, measuring and recording data appropriate to the chosen enquiry

Difference between primary and secondary data.4

Risk Assessm

ent

Data Types

Primary Data Secondary DataDefinition Data collected that are original and collected for

the first time, eg fieldwork data.Data collected by using already available sources, eg published materials.

Examples of this type of data

Closed questioning / questionnairesTraffic and pedestrian countsLitter countsRating / grading scoresDepth / widthSpeed / velocity

Census data (last one 2011 – completed every ten years).Photographs from the internetWebsite contentLibrary books and sourcesNewspaper archives

Difference between quantitative and qualitative data

Quantitative QualitativeDefinition Numerical data that you get by

counting or measuring.Descriptive data that can’t be measured

Examples of this type of data

Closed questioning / questionnairesTraffic and pedestrian countsLitter countsRating / grading scoresDepth / widthSpeed / velocity

OpinionsPhotographs/sketchesInterviewsWebsite contentOpen questioning

Identification and selection of appropriate physical and human data.

Social Economic EnvironmentalQuestionnaire to indicate if people feel the regeneration has improved the area and their lives.

Land use survey to establish if there have been changes to or more developments of economic activity.

Environmental survey / Photograph survey to indicate if the regeneration has led to improvements in the environment (buildings, open spaces etc).

Measuring and recording data using different sampling methods.

There are three main types of sampling:

Random sampling This is the most accurate method as there is no bias involved as every person or place has an equal chance of being sampled.

Systematic sampling This is a quick and easy method to use where a regular sample is taken, eg river depth readings may be taken every 50cm across the channel. This type of sampling does not always work well with questionnaires as it may not be possible to ask every 10th person, for example, who enters a shopping area.

Stratified sampling This is where people or places are deliberately chosen according to the topic being investigated; for example, a questionnaire about a regeneration project might be asked to an equal number of males and females within pre-determined age groups; eg five males and five females aged 20-39, five of each gender aged 40-59 and so on. This can also be used alongside random or systematic sampling.

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Sampling

Description and justification of data collection methods.

Description of data collection method

Method

Justification of data methodsHow this method was made more reliable

Less biased Fairer Reduce anomalies

Questionnaire Sample size 30

Randomly selected sample

Transect – three locations systematically selected along a line crossing Longbridge Town Centre.

Mixture of open and closed questions.

Has the regeneration of Longbridge had a positive impact on its town centre? Why?

Name a word to describe Longbridge before and after the regeneration.

Representative sample size. Not too few (less valid data) or too many (too time consuming to collect).

Random sampling removes bias. This makes conclusions more valid.

Transect means larger area is covered. Results will be more accurate and represent the whole area.

Open questions give more reasons.

Environmental quality survey

Bipolar environment survey completed to judge four factors from 1 to 5 for each of the following categories:

Buildings, Traffic, Open space, General Quality (gives each category a total score out of a total 20)

Total score given out of 80.

Randomly selected sample by spinning around with eyes closed. When you stop this is the view that is sampled.

Completed three times along transect – average calculated.

Covers more factors as multiple categories are scored.

Scoring from 1-5 gives a quantitative result that can be compared.

Adding all of the totals gives an overall score which includes a range of factors.

Randomly selecting where to take the sample removes bias. Sampler does not decide what to judge – this is chosen with eyes closed so results are more accurate.

Averages reduce the impact of anomalies and make the results more reliable.

Photograph Survey Current photograph of regenerated town centre taken (primary data).

This is then compared with photographs form the internet taken prior to regeneration (secondary data).

One current town centre photograph taken in same spot as the one on the internet. Difficult to locate as so much change.

Photo selection could be biased as people may post positive or negative images on the internet.

Annotations are subjective. It is your opinion what you indicate as positive and negative.

Land use Survey Land use map completed using RICEPOTS. Land use aerial photograph or map downloaded from the internet.

10 x 10 grid placed over land use map to calculate % of each category.

RICEPOTS gives clear groupings that each land use can be included in. 8 categories covers most types of land use.

Using a grid system ensures all areas are included in land use survey including car parks, open space etc.

Makes the land use survey quantitative as it gives a number (%) for each land use.

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Methods

3. Selecting appropriate ways of processing and presenting fieldwork data

Appreciation that a range of visual, graphical and cartographic methods is available.

Selection and accurate use of appropriate presentation methods.

Description, explanation and adaptation of presentation methods

PIE CHARTS

80%

20%

Has the regeneration of Longbridge had a positive impact on its town centre?

YesNo

Advantages Additional detailsShows proportion of answers (Yes/No) to closed question.

Visual way of presenting data which allows for quick interpretation.

Clear title indicates what results are shown (the question asked was used as the title so this was clear).

Adding labels with % figures on allows for quick interpretation and backs up visual image of graph.

Suggested improvement

Could annotate each section of pie chart with reasons for responses from open question ‘Why do you think this?’ to help analyse why this response was given.

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Data Present

ation

Bar Charts

Buildings Traffic Open Space General Quality Total0

1020304050607080

16 18 16 17

67

Average Environmental Quality Score per category (20) and total out (80)

Category

Scor

e

Advantages Additional detailsShows the total of scores for each category and an overall total.

Visual way of presenting data which allows for quick interpretation as differences for each category can be seen by bar.

Clear title indicates what results are shown

Adding labels with total figures on each bar allows for quick interpretation and backs up visual image of graph.

Labelled axis shows what the axis labels mean e.g. score.

Suggested improvementCould change bars to green where more than 50% is score and red where less than 50% is scored to indicate positive or negative more visually.

Word Cloud

Before regeneration After regeneration

Advantages Additional detailsShows visual format of qualitative data.

Visual way of presenting data which allows for quick interpretation. Although this is subjective.

Presents a collective of the responses to 30 questionnaires. Larger words were mentioned more.

Clearly indicates questionnaire responses in a visual way.

Suggested improvement

Adding images surrounding the keywords provides a further visual way of presenting data to support interpretation.

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Data Present

ation

Annotated Photographs

Advantages Additional detailsVery visual way of comparing before and after regeneration photographs.

Very visual and allows for easy interpretation. Quicker than field sketches and these would be difficult to get for the past (secondary data whereas photographs are readily available on the internet).

Annotations indicate positive and negative impacts seen in image to allow for quicker interpretation.

Clear title indicates when photograph was taken.

Suggested improvement

Could change colour of annotations to red or green to make positive or negative impacts clearer.

Could use more photographs e.g. North, East, South, West.

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Data Present

ation

Mapping / Cartographical Presentation Technique

Landuse Survey

Advantages Additional details

Gives visual spatial pattern of where each land use is located – allows clusters or pockets of certain use to be identified.

Shows percentages for each category (RICEPOTS) as squares are totalled up out of 100.

Visual way of presenting data which allows for quick interpretation.

Clear key indicates what each colour means and shows total % result.

Including a pie chart beside this gives visual proportion of each land use. Acts as a summary.

Suggested improvementWould be good to repeat for land use map from prior to the regeneration scheme so a comparison can be made about changes to land use as a result of regeneration.

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Data Present

ation

Colour

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Entertainment

Public Building

Open Space

Transport

Services

4. Describing, analysing and explaining fieldwork data

Data Set Main findings Links to other dataQuestionnaire Has the regeneration of Longbridge had a positive

impact on its town centre?

80% said yes it has led to improvement

20% said no it has not improved the area.

This is a ratio of 4:1 in favour of the redevelopment.

Main reasons given

+ Respondents commented on the new buildings and pleasant environment. They also described the increase in educational services and opportunities for young people (Social). They described how the River Rea has been improved and the opening of Austin park (Environmental). Responses described the new retail shops as being very positive and the opening of a hotel, increased parking and science park as bringing people and money into the area (economic).

-Some responses described the loss of industry and jobs following the closure of MG Rover. They also felt that the new job opportunities do not suit those who lost their manufacturing jobs. New jobs are in shops and services.

Word Clouds

Previously felt employment was high but did comment on industrial appearance, poor quality environment and referred to unemployment and redundancies.

Current descriptions refer to positive improvements in the environment, river, trees and increased greenery. Education is mentioned and employment opportunities. Also refer to shops and car parking.

These findings match those from the photograph survey and landuse map.

The area does appear to be more environmentally well preserved and have an increased number of educational buildings (social), economic activities (retail units) and environmental improvements (annotated photograph and more open space in land use map).

Environmental quality survey The environment survey demonstrated that the new town centre scored well over 50% in all categories. The lowest scoring category was buildings and open space although these still had a total of 16 out of 20 so are seen as very positive.

All high scores are visible in the photograph survey. Buildings are modern, open spaces

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Analysis

Traffic scored 18 out of 20 and this was because of the new parking and easier access to Longbridge.

Overall average total score 67 out of 80. This indicates a very positive environmental impact.

improved and replanted.

Land use map shows the higher amount of transport services, access routes and car parks. There are also more buildings but these are of higher quality to those originally on the site.

Photograph Survey The photograph survey showed a clear improvement in environmental quality. The original photograph contained high amounts of litter and poor quality buildings and paths, vegetation was only in the form of weeds and overgrown neglected areas.

The more recent photograph shows the new high quality buildings with modern designs, glass and a variety of materials. The photograph also shows the improved River Rea channel containing no litter and the replanting of vegetation including trees in the surrounding area.

Visually presents the same findings as the environment survey. Buildings are now very attractive with improved open spaces.

Land use Survey The land use survey shows the social improvements with a larger number of services including education (8%) and new entertainment services including social areas, a gym, and hotel. These improve people’s quality of life but also help the area benefit economically. There are also new houses (8%).

The economic use of the land is still fairly high but in the form of retail units (55%) and a science park. This would have previously have been heavy industry.

Environmentally a large area of the new development is parkland and open space (14%). This also includes large areas of car parks which reduces the amount of congestion and has been included alongside new tree planting and flower beds. Bus and train links are also evident and transport makes up 6% which should help the public access the area using public transport so the environmental impact is reduced.

Environment quality survey indicates the improvements in transport access, building quality, and open spaces.

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Description, analysis and explanation of the results of fieldwork data.

Establish links between data sets.

Use appropriate statistical techniques.

Identification of anomalies in fieldwork data.

5. Reaching conclusions

Draw evidenced conclusions in relation to original aims of the enquiry.

Has the regeneration of Longbridge had a positive impact on its town centre?

Questionnaire – True

80% of people survey said yes. Comments included descriptions of educational opportunities (social), improved retail services and employment (economic) and better public transport links and open spaces (environmental).

Environmental quality survey – True

All categories scored strong scores showing that all aspects of the environment have been improved. The total of 67 out of 80 indicates that the regeneration has been successful and helped improve the built and natural environment.

Photograph Survey – True

The photograph prior to regeneration shows the environment was run down with litter and poor quality industrial buildings. The more recent photograph following regeneration shows improved modern buildings, the regenerated River Rea runs through Austin Park which has been replanted with shrubs and trees.

Land use Survey – True

The regenerated town centre has a wide range of land uses. The largest is retail with the new developments such as Marks and Spencer. There are new social opportunities with the new Bournville College and other educational and entertainment developments including a gym. Economically there is a new science park and hotel which encourage people to visit and spend money in the town centre. Access has been improved with new transport links and car parking.

Overall findings – True

The regeneration of Longbridge has had a positive impact on its town centre

Overall my findings demonstrate that the regeneration of Longbridge has had a positive impact on the town centre. These positive impacts have been in the form of social developments including new education opportunities, economic growth with the introduction of large retail units and services, and environmental improvements including better public transport links and new open spaces including Austin Park and the revitalised River Rea.

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Conclusions

6. Evaluation of geographical Enquiry

Identification of problems of data collection methods. Identification of limitations of data collected.

Questionnaire:Sample size was limited to 30 participantsDifficult to establish younger people opinions as it was a weekday so people were at work.

Photograph surveyOnly one photograph used.Secondary photograph from internet – selection could be biased.

Land use SurveyOnly used current land use. Would be good to compare to old land use map so that a comparison can be made to establish if new landuse is an improvement.

Some squares had multiple land uses in and therefore results may not be totally accurate. Use a smaller square in grid? (100x100 for accuracy but this would increase complexity and time)

Questionnaire:Sampling was only on a weekday

Photograph surveyOnly one photograph usedSecondary photograph from internet – selection could be biased.

Land use SurveyOnly used current land use. Would be good to compare to old land use map so that a comparison can be made to establish if new land use is an improvement.

Suggestions for other data that might be useful. Extent to which conclusions were reliable.

Data from different days of the week

Comparison with another urban area that has not undergone a recent regeneration scheme e.g. Rubery.

Secondary data e.g. Census data. To indicate employment/unemployment levels etc.

Reliable because:Based on 30 responsesAverages of three sample sites along a transect (A, B and C) which crossed the regenerated town centre.Based on multiple methods including questionnaire, photo survey, environmental quality survey and land use survey – this allows for TRIANGULATION.Collected information using random sampling technique to reduce the impact of bias

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Problems

Limitations

Suggestions

Reliability

Evaluation