Questions for discussion

Name and Shame1. Briefly summarise the BtN Name and Shame story.2. What is meant by the term name and shame?3. Australia’s justice system has always said that kids should be treated differently to adults. True

or false? 4. What state in Australia wants to name kids involved in crime?5. Why are children’s identities protected if they are charged with a crime?6. Last year, crimes committed by 10-14 year old boys went up by...

a. 13%b. 50%c. 83%

7. Why are some people against naming and shaming?8. What organisation helps protect children’s rights?9. Do you think that naming kids that are involved in crime with help reduce the crime rate? Explain

your answer. 10. How would you feel if all the bad decisions you made as a kid followed you around for the rest of

your life?

Should kids who commit crimes be named? Have your say in the BtN online poll. To vote head to the BtN website http://abc.net.au/btn/polls.htm

Peace Prize1. What group recently won the Nobel Peace Prize?2. Who else has won the Nobel Peace Prize in past years?3. Why did the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) win the Nobel

Peace Prize?4. Where in the Middle East did OPCW go to help stop the use of chemical weapons?5. Who started the Nobel Peace Prize? 6. Describe the story behind why the Nobel Prize was started.7. What fields of achievement is the Nobel Prize awarded?8. Who was a favourite to win this year’s Nobel Peace Prize? Describe her story. 9. Why is getting an education important to you? List your reasons. 10. Write a message to Malala on the BtN Peace Prize story page.

Check out BtN’s Peace Prize teacher resource. Students will learn about the history of the Nobel Prize and examine past Nobel Peace Prize Laureates. http://www.abc.net.au/btn/resources/teacher/episode/20131015-peaceprize.pdf

Free Range1. What does `free range’ mean to you?2. Why is this story in the news?3. How many eggs does farmer Steve’s chickens produce each week?4. Describe the conditions for the chickens on Steve’s farm. Illustrate. 5. At what time of the day do Steve’s chickens generally lay their eggs?

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Episode 2815th October 2013

6. How does Steve define free range?7. According to most guidelines, what is the maximum number of chickens a farmer can keep on a

free range farm?a. 150 per hectareb. 1,500 per hectarec. 15,000 per hectare

8. What might happen if free range rules were made tougher? 9. What is the difference between a chicken that is free range and caged?10. Calculate how much space one chicken would have if a farm were to have 1,500 chickens per

hectare.

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the BtN Free Range story page. http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3864758.htm

Voyager1. What is the name of the spacecraft that became the first ever man-made object to leave the

solar system?2. Who launched the spacecraft?3. Where in the United States was the spacecraft launched? Locate using Google Maps.4. In 1977 Voyager was launched. Calculate how many years ago the spacecraft was launched.5. Describe what life was like in 1977.6. What two planets was Voyager first designed to explore?7. Approximately how big is Voyager?8. Voyager took photos on one of Jupiter’s moons. What did the images show?9. How fast does Voyager travel?

a. 63 km/hourb. 6,300 km/hourc. 63,000 km/hour

10. What do you think Voyager will find now that it has travelled outside of the solar system? Illustrate.

Check out BtN’s Voyager teacher resource. Students will develop their understanding on space exploration and investigate discoveries that have significantly changed people’s lives. http://www.abc.net.au/btn/resources/teacher/episode/20131015-peaceprize.pdf

Banjo Girl1. How old is Banjo Girl?2. What style of singing does Taylor do?

a. Operab. Yodellingc. Rapping

3. What inspired Taylor to get into banjo playing?4. The banjo is a wood wind instrument. True or false?5. What style of music would you usually hear the banjo?6. What continent did the banjo originate? Locate using Google Maps.7. What well-known musicians has Taylor performed with?8. What is Taylors dream?9. How is the banjo similar or different to a guitar? 10. Illustrate an aspect of the Banjo Girl story.

Test your knowledge in the Banjo Girl quiz. Go to the BtN website and follow the links.

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Activity

Peace PrizeKey LearningStudents will learn about the history of the Nobel Prize and examine past Nobel Peace Prize Laureates. Students will examine the needs of children and consider the rights of all children.

The Australian CurriculumEnglish / Language / Language variation and change

Investigate how vocabulary choices, including evaluative language can express shades of meaning, feeling and opinion (ACELA1525)

Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts(ACELA1512)

Incorporate new vocabulary from a range of sources into students’ own texts including vocabulary encountered in research (ACELA1498)

English / Literature / Literature and context

Identify and explore ideas and viewpoints about events, issues and characters represented in texts drawn from different

historical, social and cultural contexts (ACELT1619)

Make connections between students’ own experiences and those of characters and events represented in texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts (ACELT1613)

Identify aspects of literary texts that convey details or information about particular social, cultural and historical contexts (ACELT1608)

Discussion Questions1. What group recently won the Nobel Peace Prize?

2. Who else has won the Nobel Peace Prize in past years?

3. Why did the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) win the Nobel

Peace Prize?

4. Where in the Middle East did OPCW go to help stop the use of chemical weapons?

5. Who started the Nobel Peace Prize?

6. Describe the story behind why the Nobel Prize was started.

7. What fields of achievement is the Nobel Prize awarded?

8. Who was a favourite to win this year’s Nobel Peace Prize? Describe her story.

9. Why is getting an education important to you? List your reasons.

10. Write a message to Malala on the BtN Peace Prize story page.

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Episode 2815th October 2013

Activities

Inquiry questions

After watching the BtN Peace Prize story, facilitate a questions and answers discussion to encourage students to engage with the topic and learn more about the Nobel Peace Prize. Provide students with the opportunity to conduct their own investigative research, using some of the following questions.

Children’s Rights: Malala Yousafzai

As a class listen to Malala Yousafzai’s United Nations (UN) speech. http://webtv.un.org/watch/malala-yousafzai-addresses-united-nations-youth-assembly/2542094251001/. Students will then complete one or more of the following activities

Following is an excerpt taken from Malala Yousafzai’s UN speech. Explain what Malala meant by this and how her speech was not for herself but for all girls and boys.

o They thought that the bullet would silence us but they failed. Nothing changed in my life except this, weakness, fear and hopelessness died and strength, power and courage were born.

Compare Malala’s speech to other inspirational speeches, including Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech. http://freedoms-ring.org/?view=Speech

Read BBC’s Diary of a Pakistani Schoolgirl. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7834402.stm As a class compare and contrast a day in your life to that of a Pakistani school kid. Write your own day in the life diary.

Ask students what they think a ‘right’ is. Brainstorm a list of basic human rights for everyone. Are there any rights that are more important to children? Refer to BtN’s Kids’ Rights resource http://www.abc.net.au/btn/resources/teacher/episode/20111025-kidsrights.pdf. Students will develop a deeper understanding of the UN Convention on the Rights of a Child.

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Research questions What is the Nobel Prize?

List the six fields in which Nobel Prizes are awarded.

What is a Nobel Prize Laureate?

How many women have won the Nobel Peace Prize?

Who is the youngest person to have won a Nobel Prize (across all fields)?

Who is the oldest person to have won a Nobel Prize (across all fields)?

Calculate the average age of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates (based on the year they were awarded the prize).

What Laureates have been awarded a Nobel Prize twice?

Nobel Peace Prize Laureates: Complete the following table

Laureate (Prize winner) Name Year Country Why was this person awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Include any other interesting facts.

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Biography

Students will develop an in depth biography on a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.

Establish what students already know about the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. What sort of information is included in a biography? What does a biography tell us about a person?

The following website has examples of biographies for students to look at http://www.civicsandcitizenship.edu.au/cce/contemporary_gallery,14538.html

The following plan provides a guide for students when writing a biography. Research Create a plan (including, what areas of interest will you focus on?) Start writing Edit

For a more detailed plan download this pdf document. http://planningwithkids.com/wp-content/2012/06/PWK-How-to-write-a-Biography-v1.0.pdf

Encourage students to present their research using maps, timelines, drawings and photographs in an interesting way, for example using:

Prezi http://prezi.com/index/ Glogster http://www.glogster.com/ Bio Cube Creator http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/interactives/cube_creator/

Remind students that they will need to cite all references in a bibliography at the end of their biography.

Further InvestigationPlay the Peace Doves Game. Disarm the world with the help of peace doves! http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/peace/nuclear_weapons/

8 Related Research Links

ABC News – The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the Nobel Peace Prizehttp://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-11/chemical-weapons-watchdog-wins-nobel-peace-prize/5017768

ABC News – Malala Yousafzai: What does the Nobel Peace Prize nominee stand for?http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-11/malala-nobel-peace-prize-nominee-oslo/5003490

CBBC News round – Pakistan schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai shot by Talibanhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/19897634

CBBC Newsround – Syria chemical weapons monitors win Nobel Peace Prizehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/24491795

BBC News – Diary of a Pakistani schoolgirlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7834402.stm

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Time for Kids – Day in the life: Pakistanhttp://www.timeforkids.com/destination/pakistan/day-in-life

Behind the News – Children’s Rightshttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3615871.htm

Unicef – The rights of the Childhttp://www.unicef.org.au/Discover/What-we-do/Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child/childfriendlycrc.aspx

ABC News – Watch Malala’s UN speech in fullhttp://webtv.un.org/watch/malala-yousafzai-addresses-united-nations-youth-assembly/2542094251001/ Behind the News – Kids Rightshttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3343592.htm

Behind the News – Pakistan Kidshttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s2555081.htm

©ABC 2013

Activity

VoyagerKey LearningStudents will develop their understanding on space exploration and investigate discoveries that have significantly changed people’s understanding of the solar system.

The Australian CurriculumScience / Science as a Human Endeavour / Nature and development of science

Science involves testing predictions by gathering data and using evidence to develop explanations of events and phenomena. Year 5.  (ACSHE081)

Important contributions to the advancement of science have been made by people from a range of cultures. Year 5. (ACSHE082)

Scientific knowledge changes as new evidence becomes available, and some scientific discoveries have significantly changed people’s understanding of the world. Year 7. (ACSHE119)

Science / Science as a Human Endeavour / Use and influence of science

Scientific understandings, discoveries and inventions are used to solve problems that directly affect peoples’ lives. Year 5. (ACSHE083)

Discussion Questions1. What is the name of the spacecraft that became the first ever man-made object to leave the

solar system?

2. Who launched the spacecraft?

3. Where in the United States was the spacecraft launched? Locate using Google Maps.

4. In 1977 Voyager was launched. Calculate how many years ago the spacecraft was launched.

5. Describe what life was like in 1977.

6. What two planets was Voyager first designed to explore?

7. Approximately how big is Voyager?

8. Voyager took photos on one of Jupiter’s moons. What did the images show?

9. How fast does Voyager travel?

a. 63 km/hour

b. 6,300 km/hour

c. 63,000 km/hour

10. What do you think Voyager will find now that it has travelled outside of the solar system?

Illustrate.

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Episode 2815th October 2013

Activities

Engage

After watching the BtN Voyager story, facilitate a questions and answers discussion to encourage students to engage with the topic and learn more about our solar system. Throughout this activity students will keep a science journal entering what they know, what they have learnt and what they would like to learn. Students may want to organise their diary in the form of a KWLH chart (What do I know? What do I want to know? What have I learnt? How will I find out?).

Ask students what they already know about our solar system. Students will name three things they know off the top of their heads. Record student’s responses on the whiteboard.

Discuss the debate about whether the Earth is flat. Discuss the movements of the Earth, sun and moon.

Students will start a glossary of scientific terms related to space. Follow up this activity with a class discussion to ensure students understand the terms.

Ask students to present the glossary in an interesting way, for example: Wordle word cloud http://www.wordle.net/ A handbook for other students to use A poster to go up around your school Use these words to form your own sentences Illustrate the terms in an interesting way.

Working in teams create a 3D model of our solar system, including Earth, sun and moon. The model will represent their appearance and relative size and position.

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Orbit Asteroids

Comet Galaxy

Gravity

Black Hole

Meteors Milky Way Nebula

Planet Atmosphere Constellation

Light Year Satellite Universe

1. How many planets are in our solar system?a. 6b. 7c. 8

2. What is in the centre of our solar systema. Earthb. Sunc. Moon

3. What is the closest planet to the sun?a. Saturnb. Mercuryc. Earth

4. Approximately when was our solar system formed?

a. 2,013 years agob. 1 million years agoc. 4.6 billion years ago

5. What 4 planets are closest to the sun?a. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Marsb. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

6. What galaxy is our solar system part of?a. Milky way

b. Andromedac. Whirlpool

7. How is distance measured in our solar system?

a. Kilometresb. Astronomical Unitsc. Magnitude

8. What is the name of the first man-made object to leave the solar system?

a. Voyager 1b. Explorer 1c. Sputnik 1

9. Who was the first person to walk on the moon?

a. Andy Thomasb. Neil Armstrongc. Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin

10. What is the name of the force holding us to the Earth?

a. Gravityb. Buoyancyc. Weightlessness

Answers:1. 8 – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. 2. Sun – the sun is the star at the centre of the solar system.3. Mercury – Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the sun. 4. 4.6 billion years ago – scientists believe that the solar system evolved from a giant cloud of dust and gas.5. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars – these four planets are called the ‘terrestrial’ planets because they have solid, rocky

surfaces.6. Milky Way – The solar system is located within one of the outer arms of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains about 200

billion stars.7. Astronomical Units – one astronomical unit is equal to the distance between the sun and Earth (approx 150 million km). One

astronomical unit is also known as 1 light year. 8. Voyager 1 – Voyager 1 was launched by NASA in 1977 to study the outer solar system. 9. Neil Armstrong – Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut and walked on the moon in 1969. 10. Gravity – Gravitational force is an attraction between masses.

Explore

In groups of 3-4, students will explore the planets in our solar system. Students will work together on the following:

Identify the 8 planets in our solar system. Each group will conduct in depth research into one of our solar system’s planets. Ensure that each

group is researching a different planet.

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Trivia – list some interesting facts Geological features – climate, gaseous or rocky Distances – how far is this planet from the sun? Movement – identify the path of this planet. How fast does it travel around the sun? Calculate what

position the planet will be in after an hour or 24 hours.

Encourage students to present their research using graphics, drawings and diagrams in an interesting way. Remind students that they will need to cite their references in a bibliography.

Explain

Use the internet to research Galileo’s story and evidence to support the theory that the Earth orbits the sun. Who is Galileo? Create a short biography. How long does it take for Earth to orbit the sun? How long does it take for Earth to rotate on its axis? How has Galileo helped us to understand our solar system?

Refer to ABC Splash’s teacher resource Meteorites, asteroids, orbiting and gravity. http://splash.abc.net.au/media?id=30447

Some of the things to think about in this activity include: What do you know about the work of Galileo? On the moon do you think a feather or a cannonball would fall to the ground faster? How do Galileo's experiments help our understanding of falling objects? On the Apollo 15 mission an astronaut dropped a hammer and a feather on the moon to test one of

Galileo's theories. Use the internet to find out the result.

Further investigation Explain and illustrate the difference between a meteoroid, meteor and meteorite. Refer to BtN’s story

Space Rock http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3693796.htm Discover where you can find asteroids and comets in the solar system in relation to the sun (add this

discovery to your 3D model of the solar system). Use a Venn diagram to show as much as you know about meteoroids, asteroids and comets.

Remember to use overlapping parts of the diagram to show what they have in common.

Elaborate

Here is your design problem for today. How can you design a spacecraft that will make it all the way to Saturn - 800 million miles away from Earth? To design your spacecraft, you and your design team are going to work together, by brainstorming, revising your plans, building your design and then presenting to the class.

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This activity presents an engineering challenge based on the science information students nowhave on Saturn and Cassini. Engineering is the subject of taking ideas from scientists and designing and building instruments and spacecraft to travel in space and test the ideas of scientists.

My Saturn Spacecraft: Grades 4-5 Activity – http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=275Spacecraft design questions (for students) – http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=277 Designing a spacecraft script (for leader) – http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=276

Evaluate

Students will reflect on their learning, using their science journals. I learned that... I enjoyed/did not enjoy... I want to know more about... I was surprised to discover that...

8 Related Research Links

ABC Splash – Our Solar Systemhttp://splash.abc.net.au/media/-/m/144754/solar-system-and-space-exploration?source=search

ABC Splash – Space Week live chat: as it happenedhttp://splash.abc.net.au/livestream

ABC – Voyage to the planetshttp://www.abc.net.au/tv/voyage/guidebook.htm

ABC Splash – Scaling down our solar systemhttp://splash.abc.net.au/media/-/m/30339/scaling-down-our-solar-system?source=upper-primary-science

CBBC Newsround – Voyager-1 is first man-made object to leave the solar systemhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/24064800

BBC – Explore the Solar Systemhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/

NASA – Voyager the Interstellar Missionhttp://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/

NASA – Our Solar System: Overviewhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=SolarSys

YouTube – The Solar System: our home in spacehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsF_hdjWJjo

CBBC Newsround – Space news facts and quizzeshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/14082427

Behind the News – Shuttle Shutdownhttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3277510.htm

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BtN: Episode 28 Transcript 15/10/13On this week's show:

Should kids who commit crimes be named and shamed in the media?

We learn about the Nobel Peace Prize and meet a kid who was one of the nominees.

And I’m at an egg farm where I’m finding out if free range eggs are what they’re cracked up to be.

Sorry for the bad pun and welcome to BtN. My name’s Nathan Bazley and there’s heaps more on today’s show. But first, here’s Matt.

The WireThis is the man you'll now see popping up as the Opposition Leader in all of our political stories. His name is Bill Shorten and he's just been elected as the Leader of the Labor Party. To get the job he's been campaigning his heart out for the past month against Anthony Albanese. Bill Shorten replaces Kevin Rudd who stood down after losing the election.

Still on the subject of politicians, does going to someone's wedding sound like an important part of the job? Well according to some, it is. The whole issue came up after it was revealed some politicians had asked for taxpayers to pay their travel to friends' weddings.

Since the news came out many politicians have repaid the cash.

But the new PM Tony Abbott hasn’t repaid some money that he claimed for going to a few running and cycling events. The fitness freak says they were genuine community events, so it's OK for the taxpayer to help foot the bill.

And in the US have you ever been in an argument and no one would back down? Well, that's what's happening to politicians over there. Downside is the rest of the country is caught in the middle.

The Opposition Party there is against President Barack Obama's plans for healthcare so they've refused to continue paying many of the country's bills until it’s ditched. Some landmarks have had to close and government workers have been put on unpaid leave until it's sorted out.

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Name & ShameReporter: Nathan Bazley

INTRO: Next up an interesting issue for you to have a think about and maybe vote on in our poll later on. Kids who commit crimes could soon have their faces and names splashed all over the media. Normally kids identities are kept secret but one state has plans to change that. It's really controversial so is it a good move? We'll let you decide.

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: How would you feel if all the bad decisions you made as a kid followed you around for the rest of your life.

They're there with you at uni. There when you apply for a job. They're even there when you go on a date. Finding out about your past mistakes can make people think twice about what sort of person you are. And that means you could miss out on great opportunities in the future. That's something adults have to live with when they break the law, because they're well aware of those consequences. But what about kids?

Our justice system has always said kids should be treated differently, because they can't properly weigh up all of those future consequences. For that reason, kids can't usually be named if they are charged with a crime. Their identities are protected so their futures won't be affected by the mistakes of their past. But should kids be treated differently to adults?

Well some people in QLD think maybe not. Youth crime has been a bit of a problem here recently. Crimes committed by 10-14 year old boys went up 13% last year. And the State Government has decided naming the kids involved might help. They say naming kids could shame them into not doing the wrong thing again. That's why many people call the plan 'naming and shaming'. They also say the community deserves to know which kids have been in trouble with the law, especially kids who are repeat offenders.

But there are other people very much against the naming and shaming of kids. Some say it won't work because the young offenders may be proud of being named, like being given a badge of honour for breaking the law. Others say it breaks the rights that children all over the world have been guaranteed by the United Nations, especially the right to privacy and the right to protection from cruel punishments.

But most of all, they say that kids aren't identified now for a reason. Because kids, by their nature, make mistakes! So that's what the experts have said about the plan. But they're all old and talking about something that won't affect them. Let's see what you think.

KID: Kids need to know that they're doing something wrong, because if they're just let go, then they're just going to keep doing it... so they get punished for what they do, by putting it on media. And embarrassed! yeah!

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KID: If it wasn't such a big offence, everyone wouldn't need to be told about it. But if it was a big offence, like they robbed a place, then people would need to know about it.

KID: What if it was an accident in what they were doing. If they did it by mistake?

KID: If it was me as the kid then I wouldn't want it to be, but being someone else, like if they came to your school, you'd want to know.

Online PollOkay now you've heard the story so what do you think? As promised our poll this week. Should kids who commit crimes be named?

It's a simple yes or no jump on the website to take part.

Peace PrizeReporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: One of the world's biggest prizes has just been announced. It wasn't an Oscar and it had nothing to do with a footy grand finals either! It was the Nobel Peace Prize. Sarah tells us more about it and about the kid who became the youngest ever nominee.

Mother Teresa

Doctors Without Borders

Martin Luther King

The United Nations

They're famous names from different places and different times, known for doing different things. But they have one thing in common. Each is a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. And now there's another name on that list. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

For more than a decade the OPCW has been working to stop countries making and storing deadly chemicals to be used as weapons. Recently its inspectors have been in Syria, making sure the government there destroys chemical weapons which were recently used against its own people.

Winning the Nobel Peace Prize is a huge deal. It's one of the world's richest and most prestigious prizes, given each year to the person or organisation that's thought to have done the most to make the world a more peaceful place.

©ABC 2013

And it had an unlikely beginning. Back in the 1800s there was a Swedish chemist and engineer called Alfred Nobel. His most famous invention was dynamite; an explosive which could be moved and stored safely.

It was important for many reasons. Dynamite would make it easier to mine for minerals and build to canals, roads and railways. But it was also used for war.

Nobel was never proud of that. He was a pacifist which meant he didn't believe in fighting. One day a newspaper accidently published news that Alfred was dead (he wasn't) the article said he'd got rich from killing people. It made Alfred really sad.

So in his will he dedicated his fortune to an annual series of prizes for the people who did the most to change the world for the better. There was a Nobel Prize for Physics, for Chemistry, for Physiology (or medicine) and a Nobel Prize for Peace.

The prizes are decided by a panel in Norway and each year there are hundreds of applicants. This year saw the youngest ever. Malala Yousafzai is only 16 years old but she was one of the favourites to win this year's peace prize.

Since she was 11 she's been publicly speaking out for the rights of children to get an education, despite the fact that the town she lived in, in Pakistan, was controlled by the Taliban a brutal group of religious extremists who didn't believe girls should go to school.

Last year when Malala was on her way to school a member of the Taliban shot her in the head. She was flown to the UK for emergency surgery. And she survived. Now she's living in the UK with her family, going to school, and continuing to speak out against violence and terrorism.

MALALA YOUSAFZAI: They thought that the bullet would silence us but they failed. Nothing changed in my life except this, weakness, fear and hopelessness died and strength, power and courage were born.

Last week Malala won a human rights award from the European Union. Many were disappointed that she missed out on the Nobel but Malala said the chemical weapons watchdog deserved the prize.

It's not the first time a popular candidate has missed out on the Nobel which is often controversial. But while not every agrees on who is the most deserving some say it's still one of the best ways we have of honouring those who try to make the world a better place.

Quiz 1OK, quiz time.

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The question is:

Which person never won the Nobel Peace Prize?

Mahatma Gandhi

Mother Teresa

Dalai Lama

Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhi campaigned for independence for his country, India. Later the Nobel Committee said they regretted not giving him the award.

Free RangeReporter: Natasha Thiele

INTRO: Now we're heading to a farm. In particular, an egg farm. Lots of people are happy to pay a bit extra for free range eggs because they think they're kinder to chooks. But in the news this week some people were saying that free range eggs might not be all they're cracked up to be. Tash will explain more.

STEVE SIMPSON, EGG FARMER: How you going? My name's Steve Simpson. This is my egg farm, free range egg farm and these are two of my girls.

NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: Egg farming is in Steve's blood. His hens produce more than 50-thousand eggs a week!

REPORTER: So Steve, this is where your hens lay their eggs?

STEVE: Yeah this is where they lay their eggs behind the red curtains and they go in there and lay them generally in the mornings.

REPORTER: And what does free range mean to you Steve?

STEVE: Free range means to me that the birds can run 24/7, they can run outside or inside, whichever they prefer, it's all about preference.

While this is what Steve believes free range is, there are other farmers who see it as something else. The problem is here in Australia, it's not really clear what free range actually means. There are a heap of different groups who can give eggs the free range tick of approval and they don't always agree with each other on what makes an egg free range. There can be different ideas about how much time the chooks spend outdoors during the day. And some disagree about the number of chickens that should be allowed in a certain area. Most guidelines recommend that free range farms have only 15-hundred birds per hectare, which is what Steve has here. But some would like to see

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farmers be allowed up to 20-thousand birds per hectare and at the end of the day all these eggs can be called 'free range'.

So, why don't they just make the rules tougher? Well, there's a worry that it could force some free range egg producers to go back to putting hens in cages. You see, it costs more money to farm free range eggs and tougher rules could force some of them away. But farmers like Steve think there should be no lowering of standards.

STEVE: If you want them just to lay eggs, they don't need a lot of space but if you want the hen to have a decent life, as you and I expect to have a decent life, I believe they need to have the 15-hundred birds per hectare.

Consumer groups would like to see clearer laws for Australian egg producers, such as an agreed limit on the number of chickens allowed in one space. They'd also like to see clearer labels on egg cartons, so people know more about the eggs they're buying. Because in the supermarket free range eggs are sometimes double the price of caged eggs. And for that extra money, people deserve to know what they're getting. So next time you head to the supermarket to buy some eggs, you might want to have a think about just how 'free' your free rage eggs are and whether these guys have been put first!

VoyagerReporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: Recently NASA paid tribute to two of its hardest working employees. The Voyager spacecraft have been exploring the planets and the space between them for 36 years. And now Voyager-1 has just said goodbye to our whole solar system in search of other adventures. Here's Sarah.

BTN PRESENTER: Hello and welcome to Behind the News

In 1977 Television looked like this. Computers looked like this. And pop stars looked like this. The world was a different place.

But this was the year when the human race set of on one of the most amazing voyages of exploration that we'd ever see. Two robotic spacecraft called Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 were launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida and sent into space with the mission of exploring Jupiter and Saturn.

They were about the size of small cars, equipped with instruments to take photos and measurements so we could learn more about the planets. In 1979 both spacecraft passed by Jupiter sending back close-up pictures showing the planet's red spot. Voyager-1 took this photo of an exploding volcano on one of Jupiter's moons.

REPORTER: Imagine how exciting that would have been! In an age before search engines and smart phones there we were looking at pictures from other worlds!

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They then went on to explore the rings of Saturn and in the 80s Voyager-2 gave us the first close-up views of Uranus and then Neptune.

Voyage-1, the faster of the two craft went even further. In 1990 its cameras were turned on for one last photo looking back at the Earth as a tiny blue dot. And it kept going. Last year it passed the very edge of the area that's still affected by the energy of the sun, where scientists say the solar system officially ends. It sent back the sounds of vibrating particles the space between the stars, an area that we know very little about.

GARY ZANK, CENTER FOR SPACE PLASMA AND AERONOMIC RESEARCH: We're in a truly alien environment. The material in which Voyager finds itself was not created by the sun it was created, in fact, by our neighbouring stars.

Leaving the solar system has taken 35 years but that's not because Voyager is going slow. It's travelling at more than 63 thousand kilometres an hour and that might give you some idea of just how far away the planets are. But it's nothing compared to the distance between stars. It would take Voyager tens of thousands of years to reach even the nearest star. By then it would have run out of power and Earth could have changed a lot.

But there is a tiny chance that one day Voyager will be found by another intelligent species. And, just in case, it's carrying a message.

RECORDED MESSAGE FROM VOYAGER'S GOLDEN DISK: Hello from the children of Planet Earth.

Recorded on a golden disk is a guide to life on Earth: The stuff we're made of, our science and maths, art and music from around the world.

No-one knows whether it will ever be seen again or if any spacecraft will ever go as far. But no matter what we achieve in the future, Voyager will always be there; a little bit of humanity in the vastness of space.

Quiz 2OK. Let’s go to another quiz.

Who was the first human in space?

Neil Armstrong

Yuri Gagarin

Buzz Aldrin

Answer: Yuri Gagarin

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Aaah if you said Neil Armstrong he was the first person to walk on the moon!

The first in space was the Russian, Yuri Gagarin in 1961.

OK, let's move on to sport next with this week's score.

The ScoreIt's the car race that stops a nation and this year Ford's Mark Winterbottom has won his first. Frosty with co-driver Steven Richards started 2nd on the Bathurst grid before taking the lead late in the race. Series leader Jamie Whincup threw everything at him but just couldn't make it stick.

Sam Stosur has won the Japan Open tennis tournament. The Aussie came back from a set down in the final to take the win 2 sets to 1.

The Australian Diamonds have just beaten New Zealand in their final match of the Constellation cup. The final game ended at 50-49 the series at 4 games to 1 for the Aussies.

A-League soccer is underway again. Sydney FC, Brisbane Roar and Adelaide United all posted victories while the Mariners, Wanderers and both Melbourne teams split the points.

And finally the Socceroos have posted their second straight 6 nil loss this time to France. The first was to World Cup hosts Brazil. After the game Aussie coach Holger Osiek got the boot. The hunt is now on for a replacement.

Banjo GirlReporter: Natasha Thiele

INTRO: Now to some late breaking banjo related news. If you ask most 14 year olds about what music they like the words banjo and yodelling probably wouldn't feature much. But according to one kid the banjo/yodelling combo is definitely the way to go. We went to meet her, oh, and a warning for viewers this story contains footage of reporter Tash trying to sing.

NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: It's not the kind of musical instrument you'd expect to find a 14 year old playing, but Taylor is bringing banjo back since taking it up seven years ago!

REPORTER: How did you get into banjo playing?

TAYLOR: Well I was actually watching TV one day and I just loved Skippy the Bush Kangaroo so and in the theme song they actually played banjo in it so I knew I had to learn that instrument, so I asked my parents and they said it was okay to play.

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Banjo’s are a stringed instrument that you'd usually hear in bluegrass and country western music. They've been played for thousands of years and originally came from Africa. Taylor not only plays the banjo, she can also yodel which is a type of singing that involves you changing the pitch in your voice.

REPORTER: So Taylor this is what a banjo is like in real life, it is quite heavy.

TAYLOR: Well you've got the lightest one.

REPORTER: Okay, so how do I play?

TAYLOR: So what you have to do is put your right hand, your two end fingers on the skin and then you just use your middle finger on the first string and then you can just hit it, good job, and then your index finger on your second string and then your thumb on the fifth string. (REPORTER: And that one's down?) Yeah, there's a heap of patterns as well so there's not a lot of strumming in banjo.

REPORTER: So how do you incorporate yodelling with banjo playing?

TAYLOR: I just heard these songs one time because I love yodelling and I just managed to do it by myself and I eventually got the knack of it.

REPORTER: So how do you, it's obviously something in the throat?

TAYLOR: I think it sounds like a kind of flicking kind of tone.

REPORTER: Can you give me a demo and see if I can copy?

Taylor's made a name for herself in the country music scene as 'The Banjo Girl'. She's mixed with some big names.

TAYLOR: Well I've performed with Lee Kernaghan and Kasey Chambers and the Davidson Brothers and there's a whole heap of people.

She even has her own website and her YouTube channel's had more than 10-thousand views!

REPORTER: What's your ultimate dream? What would you love to be doing?

TAYLOR: Well I'd love to be a famous country music and bluegrass musician full time, that would be an absolutely wonderful thing to achieve.

At the moment, Taylor's getting plenty of practice through a music scholarship at her school.

STUDENT 1: We are able to a lot of different songs and it also adds a kind of country feel to our songs.

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STUDENT 2: It's really different having a banjo player because it's usually just like keyboard and guitar and base and so it's like we can play all these different songs now.

So if Taylor continues to put in the hard work, her dream might not be too far away!

CloserAnd if you want to see Tash yodel that report it's on our website. Just kidding we have standards. But you will find some yodelling tips if you want to give it a crack yourself. Have fun and I’ll see you next time.

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