why were religions created? what basic characteristics do most religions have in common?
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 4-WORLD RELIGIONS
BELL WORK
Why were religions created?
What basic characteristics do most religions have in common?
WORLD RELIGIONS
Main Five Religions1. Judaism 2. Hinduism3. Buddhism4. Islam5. Christianity
RELIGION CHART
Religion
God
Location of Origin
Founders
Key Text
Symbols
Place of worship
Dress
Key Beliefs
Holidays
Sacred Sites
JUDAISM
Began by the Hebrews (Jews or Israelites)
Believed in one God, Yehwah and teachings are written in Torah
Main duty is to worship God and live justly and ethically
Preach of a coming Messiah Not overly concerned with the afterlife Kingdom was Israel and capital was
Jerusalem Pray in Synagogues
JUDAISM
Believe Abraham moved from Ur to Canaan (Palestine) where God promised him the land
When drought hit, Hebrews went to Egypt and became slaves
Moses let them back(Exodus) to Canaan and presented the 10 commandments
Received from God on Mt. Sinai Finally settle in the ‘Promised land’
JUDAISM
Main Holidays- Yom Kippur-day to atone Rosh Hashanah-New Year Passover-Escape from Egypt Dress- Tallit- Yarmulke The Western Wall is one of the holiest
site
JUDAISM ASSIGNMENT
Worksheet Questions 1,2
RELIGION CHART-FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING CHART ON JUDAISM
Religion
God
Location of Origin
Founders
Key Text
Symbols
Place of worship
Dress
Key Beliefs
Holidays
Sacred Sites
CHRISTIANITY
CHRISTIANITY
Follows the teaching of Jesus According to Gospels, Jesus was born the son of God
and descendant of King David of Israel Jesus traveled preaching (mostly Jewish principles) Roman Governor Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Key Text: Bible-New Testament
4 Gospels –Matthew, Mark, Luke, John Early years the church was very diverse
Different books, points of view Council of Nicea 325 AD Sacred Sites- Church of the Holy Sepulcher
CHRISTIANITY SPREADS
At first Roman Christians were persecuted
Emperor Constantine ended the persecution and later Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire
ISLAM
ISLAM(SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF GOD) The third Abrahamic religion (Judaism, Christianity) Began on the Arabian Peninsula(present-day Saudi-
Arabia) Founder, Muhammad, was born in Mecca At 40, he was called to be messenger of God (year
610) Began preaching his message-Muslims are his
followers He was threatened so he left Mecca for Medina
where he amassed followers Later he retakes Mecca
ISLAMIC BELIEFS
One God, called Allah Muhammad was the last prophet Study Quran(holy book) Visit the Kaaba Five Pillars of Islam Jihad (Defend the faith) Worship in Mosques No official clergy
Crescent Moon
BurqaHijab-to cover
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
1. Declaration of Faith
2. Pray 5 times a day toward Mecca
3. Give charity to poor (alms)
4. Fast during holy month of Ramadan
5. Make pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca
ISLAM SPREADS AND SPLITS
After the death of Muhammad, Islam Split: Shia: Sons of Muhammad take over Sunni: Muhammad said pick a successorGained control of Palestine (“The Holy
Land”) and built Dome of Rock in Jerusalem
HINDUISM CHART
HINDUISM
Due to the wide diversity in the beliefs, practices and traditions encompassed by Hinduism, there is no universally accepted definition on who a Hindu is, or even agreement on whether the term Hinduism represents a religious, cultural or socio-political entity. In 1995, Chief Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar was quoted in an Indian Supreme Court ruling:[16]
When we think of the Hindu religion, unlike other religions in the world, the Hindu religion does not claim any one prophet; it does not worship any one god; it does not subscribe to any one dogma; it does not believe in any one philosophic concept; it does not follow any one set of religious rites or performances; in fact, it does not appear to satisfy the narrow traditional features of any religion or creed. It may broadly be described as a way of life and nothing more.
HINDUISM
Began in the Indus River Valley (India) Often referred to as the world oldest
religion No single founder and No single sacred
text, Most come from the Vedas and
Upanishads-ancient Indo –Aryan texts Divine essence(Brahman) fills
everything in the world People have an individual essence
called Atman Brahman and Atman are one and the
same Monism- belief that all things in the
universe are of the essence of God
Om or Aum: Symbol often associatedwith Hinduism, symbolic of states of consciousness
BELIEFS
Believe in reincarnation: rebirth of souls Soul is trapped is a process called Samsara Goal to achieve Nirvana or Moksha: Union with Brahman, the
single spiritual power, perfect peace 1. Dharma: doing one’s moral duty, living an ethical life so
your soul can advance in the next 2. Karma: deed or act with good or bad impact caused by
one’s actions
Samsara Life Cycle
Practice Meditation and Yoga to achieve a unity of body and soul
MOST POPULAR FORMS OF THE HINDU GOD
1. Brahma, the creator
2. Vishnu, the protector
3. Shiva, the destroyer
HINDUISM
Reinforced caste system:Social class determined by birthUntouchables not even a caste
HINDUISM
BUDDHISM
BUDDHISM NOTES
BELIEFS BASICS
Follow the teaching of the Buddha(563 BC-483)
Believe in reincarnation, karma, samsara life cycle
Buddha’s main concern was to end human suffering, unhappiness and ignorance
To attain enlightenment or nirvana: Know the 4 noble truths Follow the eightfold path Follow the middle way
Buddha did not accept the Hindu gods
Taught anyone could reach nirvana regardless of class
Two main forms of Buddhism Mahayana Theravada
Tripitika is often regarded as key text
Worship in temples at times
Mayabodhi Temple, site of Buddha enlightenment.
Lotus flowersand the wheel of life are often symbols
Vesak (Buddha Day)
Vesak is the birthday of the Buddha and the most important festival in Buddhism. On the first full moon day in May, Buddhists all over the world celebrate the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha in a single day.
Buddhists have no specific dress code except for the monks who follow a specified dress code of yellow or orange robes. The monastic robes for the Buddhist is known as the civara. Their robes are worn in three parts.
BUDDHISM WEB QUEST
Open Buddhism web quest on the web page
Visit the website on the sheet to complete
JUDAISM
Judaism
Yahweh
Israel
Abraham, Moses
Torah
Star of David
Synagogues, Temples
Tallit, Yarmulke
One God, 10 Commandments
Wailing Wall
Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Passover
CHRISTIANITY
Christianity
God, Lord, Heavenly Father
Israel
Jesus, Apostle Paul
The Bible, New Testament
Cross
Churches
No Code, Rosary, Cross
Holy Trinity, Teachings of Jesus
Christmas, Lent, Easter, Good Friday
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
ISLAM
Islam
Allah
Present Day Saudi Arabia
Muhammad
Quran
Crescent Moon
Mosques
Burqa
5 pillars of faith, teachings of Muhammad
Ramadan
Kaaba, Dome of the Rock
HINDUISM
Brahman, can take many forms
Hinduism
India
No one founder
Vedas and Upanishads
Om or Aum
Temples
Bindi, Dhoti, Sari
Samsara life cycle, reincarnation, dharma, karma
Holi, Diwali
BUDDHISMBuddhism
Buddha
Tripiṭaka
Mahabodhi Temple
Temples
India
Doesn’t focus on a deity
Lotus flower, wheel of life, Buddha statue
4 noble truths, Eightfold path, middle way
Vesak (Buddha Day)
Civara