武汉大学图书馆 wuhan university library 新形势下高校图书馆的组织机构重组...

武汉大学图书馆武汉大学图书馆 Wuhan University LibraryWuhan University Library

新形势下高校图书馆的组织机构重组

Reorganization of Academic Libraries in New Era

------ A Chinese perspective

燕今伟谭明君Yan Jinwei & Tan MingjunApril 2007. Hong Kong


1. 传统的高校图书馆组织机构设置模式 Traditional organization model in academic libraries

2. 图书馆组织机构重组的动因 Motivation of library reorganization

3. 高校图书馆在组织机构重组方面的研究和发展动态 Research and development in library reorganization

– 对组织重组的理论方面的研究 Theoretical research – 组织机构重组的实践探索 Practice and development


1. 传统的高校图书馆组织机构设置模式

Traditional organization model in academic libraries


传统的高校图书馆组织机构设置模式 Traditional organization model in academic libraries

• 文献收藏是图书馆一切活动的出发点 Collection is the beginning of all library works • 传统图书馆的组织机构是围绕着纸质文献的处理流程和读

者服务方式设置的 Traditional organization structure of libraries is based on

work flow of printed materials• 随着图书馆事业的发展，传统高校图书馆的组织机构设置

形成了一个相对固定的模式，并以政府法规的形式予以确认

Along with the development of libraries, the organization structure of academic libraries has become a fixed model, and is confirmed by government rules



• 1956 年教育部颁布《中华人民共和国高等学校图书馆试行条例（草案）》

Ministry of Education issued “PRC Academic Library Trial Rule “ in 1956

– 高等学校图书馆一般应设立采录部（组）、编目部（组）、流通管理部（组）

Generally, acquisition, cataloging and circulation departments should be set up in an academic library

– 可根据具体情况和发展规模增设办公室和参考阅览、期刊、方法研究、特藏等部（组）

According to the scale of a library, it could set up administrative office as well as reference, periodicals, research, special collection departments and etc

– 规模较大的图书馆还可以再设立专业分馆 Large libraries could set up branches in special subjects– 成为传统高校图书馆机构设置的经典模式 This is the classic organization model of traditional academic libraries



• 1981 年教育部颁布《中华人民共和国高等学校图书馆工作条例》

Ministry of Education issued “PRC Academic Library Rule “ in 1981

– 在部门的名称上采用了更时代化的语言 The title of departments was up to date – 提出了情报服务部、技术部等新的部门设置 New departments were set up, such as information s

ervice, technical department, and so on



• 1987 年国家教育委员会颁布《普通高等学校图书馆规程》

State Education Committee issued “PRC Ordinary Academic Library Regulation “ in 1987

– 取消了对图书馆内部组织机构设置的规定 Provisions for organization setting were omitted– “高等学校图书馆应从实际出发，以有利于科学管理和便利读者为原则，确定本馆部（组）、室的设置，并确定各机构的相应职责”

“Academic libraries should determine the organization setting and the duties of each department for benefit to scientific management and user convenience “



• 2002 年教育部颁布《普通高等学校图书馆规程（修订）》 Ministry of Education issued “PRC Ordinary Academic Li

brary Regulation (revised)“ in 2002

– 沿用了 1987 年《规程》的做法，没有规定图书馆内部的部门设置

Following the regulation of 1987, there were no provisions for organization setting in libraries

– 把“以有利于科学管理和便利读者为原则”改成了“以方便读者和有利于科学管理为原则”

" for benefit to scientific management and user convenience" became "for benefit to user convenience and scientific management"



• 目前大多数图书馆工作人员还在纸质文献的采集、整序和流通服务流程上工作

At present, most librarians and library staff are engaged in the work flow based on printed materials

• 大多数读者还离不开纸质文献 Most readers rely on printed materials • 传统的图书馆组织机构设置模式仍然具有顽强的生命力 Organization model of traditional libraries are still with gr

eat vitality


2. 图书馆组织机构重组的动因

Motivation of library reorganization


图书馆组织机构重组的动因 Motivation of library reorganization

• 文献资源的巨大变化和网络的飞速发展 Great change of information resources and rapid development of n

etwork • 学术信息交流的模式发生着变化 The change of scholarly communication • 读者利用文献的方式发生着前所未有的变化 The change of the manners by which readers use literature• 图书馆之间的合作成为图书馆赖以生存的必要条件 Cooperation between libraries has become the basic conditions of

existence for libraries • 图书馆需要做的是，认真研究新形势下图书馆工作的规律，形成新的

建设、管理和服务理念，进行业务流程和组织机构的重组 It is necessary for libraries to research the work pattern in new situa

tion, form new idea for library management and services, and perform business process reengineering and reorganization


3. 高校图书馆在组织机构重组方面的研究和发展动态

Research and development in library reorganization


对组织重组的理论方面的研究Theoretical research

• 业务流程重组 Business Process Reengineering – 业务流程重组概念的引进 Input of concept of Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

– 探索如何克服基于纸质文献工作流程的传统组织机构设置模式的弊端，提出处理多种文献载体形态的业务流程以及与之相适应的组织机构设置的原则

Exploring how to overcome the disadvantages of traditional organization structure based on work flow of printed materials, and provide principles of reorganization to fit the work flow dealing with multiple types of literature media

– 探索如何改变原来按业务功能划分机构的做法，如采访、编目、典藏、流通、阅览、参考咨询等，建立更为便捷的内部业务工作流线和读者服务工作流线

Exploring how to change the way of dividing library departments by their function, and create fluent inner work flow and user service work flow



• 组织结构 Organization structure (1/3)

– 层级式的组织结构 Hierarchical structure• 根据职能划分部门，按照文献的加工管理流程设置机构 Dividing department by functions in literature processing flow• 从纸质文献的工作流程中产生 Come from work flow of printed materials • 各部门职责明确，分工细致，工作流程比较严谨，条理清晰，对下级管理和控制的能力比较强

The duty of departments is clear and the control power to subordinates is strong

• 部门与部门之间信息传递不畅，缺乏交流与沟通 Information may not be transmitted between departments unobstru

ctedly– 纸本图书、纸本期刊、电子文献、声像资料的采访工作可能分属不同的部门管理




– 矩阵式的组织结构 Matrix structure• 按职能划分的职能部门为纵向排列，按项目划分的工作组为横向排列

Arranging vertically: dividing departments by functions Arranging horizontally: dividing departments by projects• 纵向上维持原先的职能分工 Vertically dividing the work by functions as before• 通过横向工作组，加强各个部门之间的联系 Creating horizontal work teams to enhance the connection b

etween departments • 可以根据需要随时组建新的工作组 A new team could be created when it is necessary




– 扁平化的组织结构 Flatten structure• 将层级式结构的管理层次予以压缩，减少管理层次，扩大中间层的管理幅度

Reducing the managing layers in hierarchical structure and enlarging the managing scope of middle levels

• 下放决策权限，以形成一些能够独立处理某一专门工作的组织单元

Transferring power to a lower level to form some work units which could deal with a certain task

• 克服按职能划分部门所带来的横向信息沟通不畅的问题，以适应图书馆各类文献信息和管理信息快速流动的发展趋势

To solve the problem that Information may not be transmitted between departments unobstructedly

– 设立能集中采购、整理某一学科的各类型文献，并向读者提供全方位服务的部门



• 机构设置的理想模式 Ideal models of organization (1/3)– 按学科和按功能设立两个机构系列 Setting up two organization series, one by subjects and another

one by functions • 按学科设立的专业部（馆、组），集馆藏、流通、阅览、参考咨询、课题研究等功能于一身

Setting up departments by subjects to integrate multiple functions, such as acquisition, cataloging, reference, project research and etc

• 按功能设立的职能部（组），包括采编部、技术部、借阅部、信息咨询部、培训部和办公室等，负责处理某一方面的业务

Setting up departments by functions to deal with certain business, such as acquisition, cataloging, technical support, circulation, reference, administration office and etc

• 各图书馆根据自己的情况将两种部门有选择地进行组配，形成本馆的机构设置

A library could select from and combine the two kinds of departments to set up its own organization



• 机构设置的理想模式 Ideal models of organization (2/3)

– “二分法” Two divisions --- only setting up two departments in a library

• 信息存取部，包含编目、技术和参考咨询的功能 Information access department: including cataloging, techniq

ue and reference services for all kinds of materials• 信息传递部，包含采访和流通的功能 Information transmitting department: including acquisition an

d circulation for all kinds of materials



• 机构设置的理想模式 Ideal models of organization (3/3)– “三分法” Three divisions --- only setting up three departm

ents in a library• 信息资源与服务部，负责资源建设、公共服务和技术服务 Information resource and service department: in charge of resource

development, and public and technical services

• 知识管理中心，负责开发知识工具、支持教育与培训、研究集成网络资源等

Knowledge management center: in charge of developing knowledge tools, supporting education and training, and studying how to integrate network resources

• 互动式学习实验室，负责与各院系合作设计和协调专门的课程 Inter-study lab: in charge of designing and cooperating some specia

l courses with teachers of other colleges


组织机构重组的实践探索Practice in reorganization

• 高校图书馆重组组织机构的三个制约因素 Three factors restricting reorganization in academic libraries

– 调整纸质文献的业务流程会涉及调整纸质文献的布局，要大量搬动图书

To adjust work flow of printed materials needs to move huge amount of books

– 不同学科的用户对文献的需求不同 Users in different subject fields have different information needs– 不同层次的读者对文献的需求不同 Users in different knowledge levels have different information needs

– 图书馆在重组机构时，往往采用多种模式的复合体，兼顾着各方面的要求

Generally, library reorganization combines multiple models of organization and gives consideration to the demands from various aspects



• “三部一室”的最简结构 A simplest structure --- three departments and an administrative office – 文献资源建设部门，负责文献信息资源的采集、加工、整序、资

源整合等业务 Literature resource developing department: in charge of acquisition, cat

aloging and resource integration for all types of literature– 读者服务部门，提供集成化的文献信息服务，不再按文献载体类型区分服务部门

Reader service department: providing integrated information services related to all types of information media

– 技术支持部门，负责计算机技术平台的硬软件建设和维护，为全馆的业务工作提供技术支持

Technical support department: in charge of construction and maintenance of computer platforms

– 如：佛山大学、南京航空航天大学图书馆 e.g. Foshan University library, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Ast

ronautics Library



• “四部一室”的可行模式 A feasible model --- four departments and an administrative office – 文献资源建设部门 Literature resource developing department– 读者服务部门，负责纸质文献的流通阅览工作 Reader service department: only for printed materials – 信息服务部门，负责参考咨询、读者培训等相关工作，以电子文

献为主 Information service department: Mainly for electronic materials– 技术支持部门 Technical support department– 如：清华大学图书馆，采访与编目部、流通阅览部、信息参考与

读者教育部、系统部四个部、办公室 e.g. Tsinghua University Library: Acquisition & Cataloging Dept., Circulati

on Dept., Information Reference & Reader Training Dept., System Dept., Administrative Office



• 设立专项工作组 Setting up work teams

– 针对某一特别的工作事项设立跨部门的专项工作组，是在目前通行的层级式组织结构之下解决部门之间联系和协调问题的有效办法，在各高校图书馆得到普遍采用

Setting up cross-department work teams is an effective method to improve the connection and cooperation between departments in hierarchical structure

– 需要解决多头领导的问题 The problem is that one might face several bosses如：武汉大学图书馆：电子文献订购工作组、集成系统参数控制工

作组、网上资源整合工作组、门户建设工作组，并有特别的规定 e.g. Wuhan University Library have some work teams and make some s

pecial regulation to solve the problem



• 按学科专业设立分馆或部门 Setting up branch libraries or departments by subject fiel

ds– 电子文献的迅速普及，使得按文献载体的管理和服务来划分业务

部门的传统做法备受批评，按学科专业设立分馆或部门得到普遍的认同

Along with the popularization of electronic literature, dividing departments by types of literature is criticized, and setting up branch libraries or departments by subject fields is recognized generally

– 按学科专业设立分馆或部门，有利于把文献资源建设、文献管理、文献服务和文献队伍建设有机地结合起来，提高文献资源建设和文献服务的质量和水平

It is of benefit to promoting the quality and level of resource development and information services

– 如：北京大学，设立分馆办公室，成立学科分馆 e.g. Peking University Library: set up subject branch libraries



• 设立专门的数字化工作部门 Setting up digitization departments

– 一些高校图书馆组建了专门处理数字化文献的部门 Some academic libraries have set up digitization departments to

deal with digitized literature– 北京市 20所高校中，有 35%的馆设有专门的数字化部门 Among 20 academic libraries in Peking, 35% have digitization de

partments – 对设置数字化部门的评价褒贬不一 The comments upon it are either positive or negative



• 宏观的组织机构重组 Macroscopic reorganization

– 图书馆联盟对图书馆的业务流程和组织机构重组具有深远的影响 Library consortia affect the BPR and reorganization of libraries – CALIS 建立了全国高校图书馆文献资源共建共享的工作机制 CALIS has created nation-wide information resource sharing me

chanism– CALIS省级中心推进本地区高校文献共享系统的建设 Province centers of CALIS are promoting the construction of loc

al information sharing systems– 各成员图书馆需要建立与 CALIS系统的接口，建立新的工作制度 CALIS member libraries have to create the interface with CALIS,

and the new work rules and regulations



• 高校图书馆的业务流程和组织机构重组包括三个层面 BPR and reorganization of academic libraries include th

ree levels

– 图书馆内部业务流程和组织机构的重组 BPR and reorganization in a library– 在学校范围内图书馆与学校其他信息设施和信息服务机构之间的

业务工作的整合 Integrating infrastructure and information services between libra

ry and related institutes in an university– 行业及地区图书馆之间的合作组织及其业务流程的建立 Creating professional and local cooperative organizations betwe

en libraries and their business process


结语 Conclusion • 图书馆的持续发展有赖于积极有效的组织机构重组 Sustainable development of libraries relies on active and effective r

eorganization • 由于高校图书馆的文献资源类型和读者需求的多样性，高

校图书馆组织机构的设置是多种模式的复合体 For the variety of literature resources and user needs, the organizat

ion structure of academic libraries is a combination of multiple models

• 成功的组织机构重组取决于各个图书馆对自身条件、读者需求、工作规律和内外部环境的把握

Successful reorganization depends on that each library masters its own conditions, user needs, work regulation and environment

• 按学科专业设立分馆或部门是值得高校图书馆关注的发展方向

Setting up branch libraries or departments by subject fields is a notable trend for academic libraries


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武汉大学图书馆 wuhan university library 新形势下高校图书馆的 组织机构重组...

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武汉大学图书馆 wuhan university library 新形势下高校图书馆的组织机构重组...