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1 Fumio Ohtake (Osaka University) Poverty and Inequality in Japan 7th Global NTA Meeting: Population Aging and the Generational Economy June 11-12, 2010

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  • *Fumio Ohtake (Osaka University)Poverty and Inequality in Japan7th Global NTA Meeting: Population Aging and the Generational EconomyJune 11-12, 2010

  • *Backgrounds of Research (1) : Public attention to Income Gap(1) in a governmental survey, a rising percentage of people report the perception of economic inequality;() the widening income gap in society was debated in the Diet in 2006.(3) Japanese government published the poverty rate in 2009Background of Research: Public Attention to Income Gap and Poverty

  • *Figure 1: Perception of Economic InequalityNational Survey on Lifestyle PreferencesCabinet Office

    Graph1

    13.5

    13.6

    14.6

    18

    20.8

    17.2

    19

    19.2

    22.4

    24.3

    low inequality of income and property is almost unsatisfied

    percent

    Sheet1

    26

    19781.78.533.727.213.515.5

    19812.38.634.529.313.611.6

    19841.89.434.230.814.69.2

    19871.95.340.933.5180.4

    19901.35.442.629.120.80.8

    19931.14.345.83117.20.7

    19961444.431190.6

    19990.8444.53119.20.4

    200213.543.529.522.40.1

    20050.83.339.830.824.30.9

    197840.7

    198142.9

    198445.4

    198751.5

    199049.9

    199348.2

    199650

    199950.2

    200251.9

    low inequality of income and property is almost unsatisfied

    197813.5

    198113.6

    198414.6

    198718

    199020.8

    199317.2

    199619

    199919.2

    200222.4

    200524.3

    Sheet1

    Sheet2

    low inequality of income and property is almost unsatisfied

    Sheet3

  • *Objectives of ResearchFacts on income inequality in Japan based on the time series of the Gini coefficient Reasons for the changes in Japans income inequalityChange of Poverty Rate by Age groups

  • Figure 2. Income Inequality in Japan: the Gini Coefficients from Various Data

    *

    G

    19760.2670.3330.3274348811

    19770.2580.3310.3265360169

    19780.2640.3230.3118836292

    19790.260.3120.29495412840.271

    19800.260.3150.29680759280.349

    19810.2580.3250.3101593625

    19820.2630.3240.3145223421

    19830.2610.3250.31638257580.398

    19840.260.3220.31513828240.28

    19850.2720.3330.3252939142

    19860.2780.3280.31635388740.405

    19870.2730.3340.3151192779

    19880.2680.3450.3005335366

    19890.2730.3460.31085337920.4330.293

    19900.2760.3420.3324482571

    19910.2820.3530.3479524772

    19920.2780.3530.33456059870.439

    19930.2780.3480.3240762672

    19940.2780.3410.3562846580.297

    19950.2810.3600.33240191610.441

    19960.2830.3460.3473759965

    19970.2840.3620.3572070049

    19980.2780.3640.35203279420.472

    19990.2860.3540.34866924480.301

    20000.2840.3660.353194248

    20010.2800.3680.3610.4983

    20020.284

    **

    *1

    ex. 2002G2001

    G

    0.2670.33319761976

    0.2580.33119771977

    0.2640.32319781978

    0.260.31219790.271

    0.260.3150.3491980

    0.2580.32519811981

    0.2630.32419821982

    0.2610.3250.3981983

    0.260.32219840.28

    0.2720.33319851985

    0.2780.3280.4051986

    0.2730.33419871987

    0.2680.34519881988

    0.2730.3460.4330.293

    0.2760.34219901990

    0.2820.35319911991

    0.2780.3530.4391992

    0.2780.34819931993

    0.2780.34119940.297

    0.2810.360.4411995

    0.2830.34619961996

    0.2840.36219971997

    0.2780.3640.4721998

    0.2860.35419990.301

    0.2840.36620002000

    0.28200120012001

    0.284

    19630.310.26

    19640.2990.248

    19650.2820.24

    19660.2840.244

    19670.280.238

    19680.2670.227

    19690.2570.219

    19700.2530.218

    19710.2590.22

    19720.2560.223

    19730.260.224

    19740.2690.241

    19750.2760.249

    19760.2760.229

    19770.2580.223

    19780.2640.223

    19790.260.22

    19800.260.219

    19810.2580.222

    19820.2630.222

    19830.2610.222

    19840.260.222

    19850.2720.227

    19860.2780.231

    19870.2730.23

    19880.2680.229

    19890.2730.225

    19900.2760.227

    19910.2820.23

    19920.2780.227

    19930.2790.224

    19940.2780.224

    19950.2810.229

    19960.2830.226

    19970.2840.229

    19980.2780.231

    19990.2860.234

    20000.2840.234

    20010.2800.234

    20020.2840.239

    G

    0.3330.26719761976

    0.3310.25819771977

    0.3230.26419781978

    0.3120.2619790.271

    0.3150.260.3491980

    0.3250.25819811981

    0.3240.26319821982

    0.3250.2610.3981983

    0.3220.2619840.28

    0.3330.27219851985

    0.3280.2780.4051986

    0.3340.27319871987

    0.3450.26819881988

    0.3460.2730.4330.293

    0.3420.27619901990

    0.3530.28219911991

    0.3530.2780.4391992

    0.3480.27819931993

    0.3410.27819940.297

    0.360.2810.4411995

    0.3460.28319961996

    0.3620.28419971997

    0.3640.2780.4721998

    0.3540.28619990.301

    0.3660.28420002000

    0.36835386610.280.49832001

    20020.284300441820022002

    G

    0.31

    0.299

    0.282

    0.284

    0.28

    0.267

    0.257

    0.253

    0.259

    0.256

    0.26

    0.269

    0.276

    0.276

    0.258

    0.264

    0.26

    0.26

    0.258

    0.263

    0.261

    0.26

    0.272

    0.278

    0.273

    0.268

    0.273

    0.276

    0.282

    0.278

    0.279

    0.278

    0.281

    0.283

    0.2835973154

    0.2776850606

    0.2862585034

    0.2838309859

    0.280115942

    0.2843004418

    (

    G

    0.26

    0.248

    0.24

    0.244

    0.238

    0.227

    0.219

    0.218

    0.22

    0.223

    0.224

    0.241

    0.249

    0.229

    0.223

    0.223

    0.22

    0.219

    0.222

    0.222

    0.222

    0.222

    0.227

    0.231

    0.23

    0.229

    0.225

    0.227

    0.23

    0.227

    0.224

    0.224

    0.229

    0.226

    0.229114249

    0.2310773131

    0.2336164736

    0.2338543046

    0.2343010753

    0.2385964912

    G

    0.31

    0.299

    0.282

    0.284

    0.28

    0.267

    0.257

    0.253

    0.259

    0.256

    0.26

    0.269

    0.276

    0.276

    0.258

    0.264

    0.26

    0.26

    0.258

    0.263

    0.261

    0.26

    0.272

    0.278

    0.273

    0.268

    0.273

    0.276

    0.282

    0.278

    0.279

    0.278

    0.281

    0.283

    0.2835973154

    0.2776850606

    0.2862585034

    0.2838309859

    0.280115942

    0.2843004418

    0.2670.333197619761976

    0.2580.331197719771977

    0.2640.323197819781978

    0.260.31219790.2711979

    0.260.3150.3490.27281980

    0.2580.3250.36533333330.27461981

    0.2630.3240.38166666670.27641982

    0.2610.3250.3980.27821983

    0.260.3220.40033333330.281984

    0.2720.3330.40266666670.28261985

    0.2780.3280.4050.28521986

    0.2730.3340.41433333330.28781987

    0.2680.3450.42366666670.29041988

    0.2730.3460.4330.2931989

    0.2760.3420.4350.29381990

    0.2820.3530.4370.29461991

    0.2780.3530.4390.29541992

    0.2780.3480.43966666670.29621993

    0.2780.3410.44033333330.2970.3523163498

    0.2810.360.4410.29780.37302017460.3918

    0.2830.3460.45133333330.29860.3576106731

    0.2840.3620.46166666670.29940.3741681791

    0.2780.3640.4720.30020.37671886880.3954

    0.2860.3540.48076666670.3010.3660683761

    0.2840.3660.48953333330.30160.3787220447

    0.280.36835386610.49830.30220.38087210240.3997

    0.28430044180.366424418620020.30280.37841860470.3965

    0.27178082190.368509248320030.30340.38065501440.3986

    0.271200420040.3040.37104709330.3882

    0.26921630092005200520050.38268780150.3999

    People's Basic Survey

    Imcome Re-distribution Survey

    NSFIE

    (

    Graph1

    197619760.333

    197719770.331

    197819780.323

    0.27119790.312

    0.27280.3490.315

    0.27460.36533333330.325

    0.27640.38166666670.324

    0.27820.3980.325

    0.280.40033333330.322

    0.28260.40266666670.333

    0.28520.4050.328

    0.28780.41433333330.334

    0.29040.42366666670.345

    0.2930.4330.346

    0.29380.4350.342

    0.29460.4370.353

    0.29540.4390.353

    0.29620.43966666670.348

    0.2970.44033333330.341

    0.29780.4410.36

    0.29860.45133333330.346

    0.29940.46166666670.362

    0.30020.4720.364

    0.3010.48076666670.354

    0.30160.48953333330.366

    0.30220.49830.3683538661

    0.30280.50763333330.3664244186

    0.30340.51696666670.3685092483

    0.3040.52630.3592078923

    200520050.3704771741

    &L&Z&F&A

    NSFIE

    Imcome Re-distribution Survey

    People's Basic Survey

    Gini Coefficient

    _

    People's Basic Survey(Imcome Re-distribution SurveyNSFIE

    19760.2670.333

    19770.2580.331

    19780.2640.323

    19790.260.3120.271

    19800.260.3150.3490.2728

    19810.2580.3250.36533333330.2746

    19820.2630.3240.38166666670.2764

    19830.2610.3250.3980.2782

    19840.260.3220.40033333330.28

    19850.2720.3330.40266666670.2826

    19860.2780.3280.4050.2852

    19870.2730.3340.41433333330.2878

    19880.2680.3450.42366666670.2904

    19890.2730.3460.4330.293

    19900.2760.3420.4350.2938

    19910.2820.3530.4370.2946

    19920.2780.3530.4390.2954

    19930.2780.3480.43966666670.2962

    19940.2780.3410.3520.44033333330.297

    19950.2810.360.3730.4410.29780.3918

    19960.2830.3460.3580.45133333330.2986

    19970.2840.3620.3740.46166666670.2994

    19980.2780.3640.3770.4720.30020.39540.430990.39540.4309

    19990.2860.3540.3660.48076666670.301

    20000.2840.3660.3790.48953333330.3016

    20010.280.3680.3810.4980.30220.39970.4159120.39970.4159

    20020.2840.3660.3780.50763333330.30280.39650.3957130.39650.3957

    20030.2720.3690.3810.51696666670.30340.39860.4192140.39860.4192

    20040.2710.3590.3710.52630.3040.38820.3906150.38820.3906

    20050.2690.3700.3830.39990.4131

    30

    http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa05/index.html

    .xls(1,221KB)

    II

    1

    2

    .xls(1,221KB)

    19851988198919901991199219931994199519981999

    30-34

    30122671272626292668276827282629304131373019

    215649584109584

    2-435-101231039185837494945-10108104

    4-62810-1543236633834937237135640910-15358378

    6-84815-2067166758756859358353163615-20653630

    8-108820-2566270465763967369760669320-25812705

    10-1225425-3029433235436039336434238725-30426447

    12-1425330-3520320025726330026825333730-35338324

    14-1647135-404964527282859711035-40114115

    16-1817840-45403951516658699340-458568

    18-2021345-50101014151415252445-502628

    20-22541503644457760688512350-553539

    22-2411214519417418312314116212655-6087

    24-26234605637

    26-2843109131

    28-3037

    30-33189

    33-3654

    36-4012

    4094

    160

    45-49

    43404773466644334468486547704942548846444466

    2051310131074131251210

    2-475-10128102114817063901015-1095100

    4-63110-1534130227225727625028333210-15275301

    6-84815-2061253648043946945349154215-20461462

    8-107220-2592788277173475077175480020-25643682

    10-1218225-3073471359364771570065175325-30615662

    12-1416030-3576070977977587284281590230-35869722

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    16-1813240-4524429528131836640938447040-45432367

    18-2019745-50911019312115115115720045-50175154

    20-227285027225030137241343349967450-55216203

    22-2418433343642137434027038527755-604333

    24-2649560201177

    26-28103227217

    28-30110

    30-33569

    33-36189

    36-4058

    40455

    246

    65-69

    21362483265728713006331134943417365939604176

    215273126271917261951931

    2-4145-103642572472072252112062185-10220211

    4-67610-1542541543139843344742844810-15440561

    6-810015-2046548055448856656151254015-20602672

    8-1011820-2544248551956766165661965020-25744813

    10-1221225-3026526630535838449541747925-30564544

    12-1414930-3521626229533037942642043230-35486501

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    16-188240-456076699813414413715640-45168148

    18-2011045-50202539414657606745-507588

    20-2231250787910715215817322330050-55102114

    22-245615118818720416014920816255-602418

    24-2615660112106

    26-2830165161

    28-3028

    30-33152

    33-3648

    36-4012

    4092

    96

    -

    -

    60616263123456789101112131415

    1985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003

    3754438064390283941740273405064121041826420694077043807446694449644923455454566446005

    2311513540943938432537230433237753722953073444123175

    2-42151971705-10315429872725251723832365240924045-102209220021632477250426475-10

    4-675676684710-155621539553335167518650404882542610-1550515182530858405530569110-15

    6-811371175126515-206693662464336065635863495666637815-2056655937660869236298661915-20

    8-1014541534148120-257625761074867519751274556934729720-2529297334771579277621774820-25

    10-1230383098292325-304767496448945031533254434825524325-3051195349569957595442551725-30

    12-1422072320213930-354216432449195109537554185078544730-3559155856588258005926570830-35

    14-1643474348414435-401490163417261902222523902197248535-4027312630269825662593254235-40

    16-1814601560151840-451141132414261703185019631900221140-4526042442235622292367223340-45

    18-2018652053201945-5041444048558866775580593345-50111498996291593186545-50

    20-22588956645576501340133916292149212522542735357850-5517111421128913011316130250-55

    22-241253145615202548319530673133244023333008202655-6036630331123628124655-60

    24-263333353536286027082048146513241795172360

    26-28653813833217525092161190326482846

    28-30643849868

    30-33333432373584

    33-36108111931326

    36-40332391583

    40235420702615

    216117911977

    60616263123456789101112131415

    1985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003

    3754438064390283941740273405064121041826420694077043807446694449644923455454566446005

    20.0008761271513540943938432537230433237753722953073444123175

    2-40.00607636441971705-10315429872725251723832365240924045-102209220021632477250426475-10

    4-60.021366192876684710-155621539553335167518650404882542610-1550515182530858405530569110-15

    6-80.03213407571175126515-206693662464336065635863495666637815-2056655937660869236298661915-20

    8-100.04109318031534148120-257625761074867519751274556934729720-2529297334771579277621774820-25

    10-120.08586044153098292325-304767496448945031533254434825524325-3051195349569957595442551725-30

    12-140.06237458672320213930-354216432449195109537554185078544730-3559155856588258005926570830-35

    14-160.12285560864348414435-401490163417261902222523902197248535-4027312630269825662593254235-40

    16-180.04126275331560151840-451141132414261703185019631900221140-4526042442235622292367223340-45

    18-200.0527089282053201945-5041444048558866775580593345-50111498996291593186545-50

    20-220.16643585956645576501340133916292149212522542735357850-5517111421128913011316130250-55

    22-240.0354124862145615202548319530673133244023333008202655-6036630331123628124655-60

    24-260.0941977786353536286027082048146513241795172360

    26-280.0184551903813833217525092161190326482846

    28-300.0181725687849868

    30-330.094226040832373584

    33-360.030551394711931326

    36-400.0093830371391583

    400.066529124220702615

    216117911977

    60616263123456789101112131415

    1985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003

    3754438064390283941740273405064121041826420694077043807446694449644923455454566446005

    20.0008761271513540943938432537230433237753722953073444123175

    2-40.00695249131971705-10315429872725251723832365240924045-102209220021632477250426475-10

    4-60.028318684176684710-155621539553335167518650404882542610-1550515182530858405530569110-15

    6-80.06045275981175126515-206693662464336065635863495666637815-2056655937660869236298661915-20

    8-100.10154594011534148120-257625761074867519751274556934729720-2529297334771579277621774820-25

    10-120.18740638163098292325-304767496448945031533254434825524325-3051195349569957595442551725-30

    12-140.24978096832320213930-354216432449195109537554185078544730-3559155856588258005926570830-35

    14-160.37263657694348414435-401490163417261902222523902197248535-4027312630269825662593254235-40

    16-180.41389933021560151840-451141132414261703185019631900221140-4526042442235622292367223340-45

    18-200.46660825822053201945-5041444048558866775580593345-50111498996291593186545-50

    20-220.633044117256645576501340133916292149212522542735357850-5517111421128913011316130250-55

    22-240.6684566035145615202548319530673133244023333008202655-6036630331123628124655-60

    24-260.762654382353536286027082048146513241795172360

    26-280.7811095724813833217525092161190326482846

    28-300.7992821411849868

    30-330.893508181932373584

    33-360.924059576611931326

    36-400.9334426137391583

    400.999971737820702615

    216117911977

    60616263123456789101112131415

    1985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003

    3754438064390283941740273405064121041826420694077043807446694449644923455454566446005

    20.00000038381513540943938432537230433237753722953073444123175

    2-40.00002378481971705-10315429872725251723832365240924045-102209220021632477250426475-10

    4-60.000376805476684710-155621539553335167518650404882542610-1550515182530858405530569110-15

    6-80.00142629411175126515-206693662464336065635863495666637815-2056655937660869236298661915-20

    8-100.00332852091534148120-257625761074867519751274556934729720-2529297334771579277621774820-25

    10-120.0124047873098292325-304767496448945031533254434825524325-3051195349569957595442551725-30

    12-140.01363469012320213930-354216432449195109537554185078544730-3559155856588258005926570830-35

    14-160.03823374324348414435-401490163417261902222523902197248535-4027312630269825662593254235-40

    16-180.01622731851560151840-451141132414261703185019631900221140-4526042442235622292367223340-45

    18-200.02320530552053201945-5041444048558866775580593345-50111498996291593186545-50

    20-220.091510793956645576501340133916292149212522542735357850-5517111421128913011316130250-55

    22-240.0230446882145615202548319530673133244023333008202655-6036630331123628124655-60

    24-260.0674037379353536286027082048146513241795172360

    26-280.0142452288813833217525092161190326482846

    28-300.0143598885849868

    30-330.07975246532373584

    33-360.02776461511931326

    36-400.0087145059391583

    400.064314181720702615

    216117911977

    0.4999717382

    http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kakei/2.htm2-7

    1234512345

    199475031149465385514360.2788266667199476338855769887612970.2237483617

    199574630348765385814290.2812868633199576638055470388313090.2287206266

    199674329948564985614230.282960969199676838056070889213020.2260416667

    199774529948465186114280.2835973154199777938156771789913320.229114249

    199874330548765386314080.2776850606199878938457172491613480.2310773131

    199973529347164085314200.2862585034199977736956171790513360.2336164736

    200071028745761982513610.2838309859200075536154369787712960.2338543046

    200169028144860580413140.280115942200174435453768486712770.2343010753

    200267927743658778913040.2843004418200274134952967986212830.2385964912

    200365728443057576412300.2717808219200371434651565883112210.2311484594

    20046482814245667581,2080.2712345679200472334752266584512340.2326970954

    20056382784215587421,1910.26921630092005

    2006

    2007

    \G\1

    1234

    1977309.1100.7208.2312.9614.40.3329828534\G\1

    1978336110227342.1664.90.3310639881

    1979358.5120.2248.1367.4698.50.32308228731977

    1980377.6132.8266.5388.8722.40.31293034961978

    1981401.8140.6281.5413.7771.40.31492658041979

    1982429.7142.4293446.7836.60.32534326271980

    1983444.4144.9306.6466.4859.90.32400427541981

    1984457.5150.3315474.3890.50.32505464481982

    1985472.7156327.7494.8912.30.32208588961983

    1986493.3154333.5515.5970.10.33331644031984

    1987505.6162343.3532.8984.40.32834750791985

    1988513.2159.5343.6541.81008.10.33405592361986

    1989545.3161.2359.1566.71094.20.34460388781987

    1990566.7165.8372.8588.31139.90.34606052591988

    1991596.6176.4396.96231190.20.34225192761989

    1992628.8173.6409.4656.91275.30.35311307251990

    1993647.8182.1425.6684.11299.60.34829422661991

    1994657.5192.8437.7696.61302.70.341216731992

    1995664.2177.4424.1689.71365.50.36043360431993

    1996659.6189.8434.1695.31319.40.34575879321994H5657.5165.9369.1556.6795.21400.80.3523163498

    1997661.2174417695.91357.70.36212568061995H6664.2150.5353.5546.9788.81481.20.3730201746

    1998657.7171.8412.2688.81358.20.36441386651996H7659.6163.1364555.4792.31423.20.3576106731

    1999655.2179.7425.8685.413300.3539001997H8661.2148.4345.5543.3802.71466.20.3741681791

    2000626164.7387.1652.91299.30.36637380191998H9657.7146.9340.8538.5792.71469.80.3767188688

    2001616.9159.7380.9642.61284.40.36835386611999H10655.2153.8354.9545.8782.21439.50.3660683761

    2002602157.2373.4628.71248.90.36642441862000H11626141.9320507.17551405.70.3787220447

    2003589.3148.9367.4617.11223.70.36850924832001H12616.9136.5316497.4743.31391.20.3808721024

    2002H13602135310.4486.1728.81349.90.3784186047

    2003H14589.3126.9303.4477.6716.313220.3806550144

    (P)2004H15579.7131.4305.4478.1710.51272.90.3710470933

    2005H16580.4123.9291.7465.8725.41295.10.3826878015

    \G\1

    1234

    197788.340.161.381145.40.3274348811

    197894.443.564.387.2156.10.32653601698910111213141516

    1979101.449.571.392.6163.90.3118836292659.6661.2657.7655.2626616.9602589.3579.7580.4

    198010956.378.9100.3170.30.2949541284I163.1148.4146.9153.8141.9136.5135126.9131.4123.9

    1981115.961.579.9106.9184.30.2968075928II364345.5340.8354.9320316310.4303.4305.4291.7

    1982125.563.187.3114.6200.10.3101593625III555.4543.3538.5545.8507.1497.4486.1477.6478.1465.8

    1983129.862.390.3122.4206.50.3145223421IV792.3802.7792.7782.2755743.3728.8716.3710.5725.4

    19841326490.2121.8215.70.3163825758V1 423.21 466.21 469.81 439.51 405.71 391.21 349.91 322.01 272.91 295.1

    1985137.46596128.1223.40.3151382824

    1986144.667.4100134232.10.3252939142

    1987149.273103.3139.8234.50.3163538874

    1988155.172.6106.7145.3246.50.3151192779

    198916473.6111.1149.5267.60.3005335366

    1990174.682.1119.3158.2276.50.3108533792

    1991183.685.1126.5168.5290.80.3324482571

    1992197.886.1135.3180.2316.70.3479524772

    1993207.196.1144.3189.8319.80.3345605987

    1994211.1100151.3194.1321.60.3240762672

    1995216.491148.7196.2344.70.356284658

    1996219.2101.3153.7201.93390.3324019161

    1997225.8100.4159202.9346.10.3473759965

    1998222.795.6152.2200.7350.20.3572070049

    1999222.695.5154.5205350.50.352033

    2000219.893.5147.1199.6348.20.348669

    2001212.186144.2194.1335.60.353194248

    2002213.589.6149.2195.5328.20.3614754098

    2003204.782.4141.2187.7320.40.3457498779

  • Figure 3. Changes of Share of Households by Number of Household Member*

    Graph1

    19.003391280415.407411933617.998227979624.518041000912.731050074910.3449329382

    18.222465553415.445448185718.19509079324.865407427712.7900964210.4814916203

    20.382202771715.617797228317.741794310724.180889861412.10503282289.9722830051

    19.198581972515.403614807918.265822049225.652350787512.02708200159.4554541756

    18.029362270116.218882376817.99454534925.866070910512.28747171139.6007659723

    18.285583182816.200636668717.63457512426.175112564212.32900283929.3750896212

    18.116475182516.930782726817.754258871525.841869941712.11160790089.2478351916

    19.642313335717.037180587517.435840646725.021455662911.55283630029.3076049943

    18.787243434117.540278084317.595453542325.082763186911.94272787469.0515338777

    18.078198208118.122037427717.66994547525.492506233412.41197906688.2253335891

    19.398468048618.23611334317.609405967124.827253736111.95832663777.9704322674

    18.401117498518.522000752217.646268736925.178638585912.14742384368.1045505829

    18.181333901618.964415086318.13605369724.491263584111.66631152788.5606222033

    18.826187473719.569672131117.717528373323.988545607411.72498949148.1704497688

    19.450138362220.352054934918.163882340923.478015783511.16890437637.3870042021

    19.955856610120.592637694418.111474744422.878453459210.87855493827.5830225537

    20.971867007721.210240111218.210711891321.935291634610.49834876967.1735405855

    21.224016195121.256110205918.303461215621.717770206910.29970868517.1989334913

    21.776267896122.014074253818.429992720220.98034457669.8204319346.9764620238

    22.282790608722.531439774318.065318223120.95586477319.65189116826.5126954526

    21.87121158123.31645629818.619410967720.12170481839.63892652556.4299127624

    22.597498160423.546725533518.582290900219.60755457449.26416482716.4042187883

    23.482548451224.226721756818.814344739419.68178601597.74077202276.0538270139

    24.974814748524.544986455918.31919228118.8900579827.43692493685.8317849068

    23.88304566725.143833153518.821916576818.50503416047.82542250995.8185005394

    23.562540346825.692852213819.232909645418.85225830877.24350555395.4137079002

    24.125590075726.277308156819.249094302318.0283236367.17092984965.1487539796

    24.12622634926.511037140919.23177995817.66818500357.28582690965.1747547302

    23.47570916227.499184871219.77828496917.4481034676.87968699054.9146831866

    23.303493449827.13537117918.762008733618.22052401756.7117903935.0807860262

    23.42819.517.86.84.5

    24.628.219.715.96.94.7

    1 member

    2 member

    3 member

    4 member

    5 member

    6 member and more

    Percent

    Sheet1

    1 member2 member3 member4 member5 member6 member and more6 member and more78910

    2819535.75087310839.2433061713.678696158316.169965075716.251455180438.905704307314.022118742710.36670547156.93830034923.87077997673.707799767214.9941792782

    2919549.03270462029.419161331313.283728442115.631308761615.867797196736.765299648213.439464728610.03057045626.37941973813.61077464383.305070081318.4518659514

    30195510.75779148879.34451299913.146654010415.461688551415.804461319435.484891631113.34704424419.7663871756.11190212523.34862627222.910931814620.1023044877

    31195612.71250567529.640316803713.262371992115.466881904915.51732835633.456086364313.04545225249.25187913036.04348484082.59294758612.522322554622.3528224789

    32195715.16615146839.577859350912.987828438915.315880989215.460780525531.491499227212.72700927368.75193199385.12944358582.68064142192.202472952124.7440108192

    33195816.31159080249.863913655613.012670107915.607695917415.532613796329.671515720312.39324260918.29657437824.79117785082.36508681371.825434068526.175504458

    34195915.812005155610.196096483213.303259068316.304547965415.761369913528.631927821812.28595102198.04640029464.47431412262.17731541151.647946971126.0081016387

    35196017.325146823310.273180281213.307528029916.315180637115.536572343827.237942694411.97722014597.71489588894.07545826661.96209289911.508275493927.5983271045

    36196118.329150538111.046833127714.203071164216.989238164115.015525968824.41618103711.24250287126.8739631633.61989025481.5653579481.114466799929.3759836658

    37196217.064989517811.39203354314.763102725418.062893081815.412997903623.299790356411.20335429776.51991614263.23689727461.43396226420.905660377428.4570230608

    38196319.482441404711.295096392314.630829533618.190544756415.146788256921.25429965610.54315654755.98752099832.8077753781.19190464760.723942084630.777537797

    39196417.212396430812.085723390715.515455704319.216061185515.300350541720.67001274710.41268323775.87555768012.5971956661.07950924160.705066921629.2981198215

    40196517.837316885112.36700077115.713184271419.888203546615.192752505819.001542029.85350809565.36237471092.30917501930.94448727830.53199691630.2043176561

    41196617.220250326912.695684662816.839155613721.554268634414.586213338317.10442742399.25088735294.6889594623.16458060929.9159349897

    42196719.616969869212.990335417916.650085275721.51435474714.091813530415.13288800459.0143547473.66330301312.455230244532.6073052871

    43196819.82992960213.298947515216.738691015521.924444134713.682302920514.52568481228.1619850844.01826165752.345438070733.1288771172

    44196919.100968664913.171774276917.080905925722.696404564113.881898721114.06804784728.18366713783.8401875282.044193181432.2727429418

    45197018.543179308714.447753203717.331950346323.434938267513.206410814113.03911399617.97336634663.29240137851.77334627132.9909325125

    46197119.866498169214.351446809917.640387544122.876770033413.146041929912.122095849112.122095849134.2179449791

    47197220.836335160514.349256068917.772905246723.35160532512.554424432311.135473766611.135473766635.1855912294

    48197319.836603329814.971838831517.719873738924.008169833512.57968682310.883827443210.883827443234.8084421613

    49197419.003391280415.407411933617.998227979624.518041000912.731050074910.344932938210.344932938234.4108032141

    50197518.222465553415.445448185718.19509079324.865407427712.7900964210.481491620310.481491620333.6679137391

    51197620.382202771715.617797228317.741794310724.180889861412.10503282289.97228300519.972283005136

    52197719.198581972515.403614807918.265822049225.652350787512.02708200159.45545417569.455454175634.6021967804

    53197818.029362270116.218882376817.99454534925.866070910512.28747171139.60076597239.600765972334.2482446469

    54197918.285583182816.200636668717.63457512426.175112564212.32900283929.37508962129.375089621234.4862198514

    55198018.116475182516.930782726817.754258871525.841869941712.11160790089.24783519169.247835191635.0472579093

    56198119.642313335717.037180587517.435840646725.021455662911.55283630029.30760499439.307604994336.6794939232

    57198218.787243434117.540278084317.595453542325.082763186911.94272787469.05153387779.051533877736.3275215184

    58198318.078198208118.122037427717.66994547525.492506233412.41197906688.22533358918.225333589136.2002356358

    59198419.398468048618.23611334317.609405967124.827253736111.95832663777.97043226747.970432267437.6345813916

    60198518.401117498518.522000752217.646268736925.178638585912.14742384368.10455058298.104550582936.9231182507

    61198618.181333901618.964415086318.13605369724.491263584111.66631152788.56062220338.560622203337.1457489879

    62198718.826187473719.569672131117.717528373323.988545607411.72498949148.17044976888.170449768838.3958596049

    63198819.450138362220.352054934918.163882340923.478015783511.16890437637.38700420217.387004202139.8021932971

    198919.955856610120.592637694418.111474744422.878453459210.87855493827.58302255377.583022553740.5484943045

    2199020.971867007721.210240111218.210711891321.935291634610.49834876967.17354058557.173540585542.1821071189

    3199121.224016195121.256110205918.303461215621.717770206910.29970868517.19893349137.198933491342.480126401

    4199221.776267896122.014074253818.429992720220.98034457669.8204319346.97646202386.976462023843.79034215

    5199322.282790608722.531439774318.065318223120.95586477319.65189116826.51269545266.512695452644.814230383

    6199421.87121158123.31645629818.619410967720.12170481839.63892652556.42991276246.429912762445.187667879

    7199522.597498160423.546725533518.582290900219.60755457449.26416482716.40421878836.404218788346.1442236939

    8199623.482548451224.226721756818.814344739419.68178601597.74077202276.05382701396.053827013947.709270208

    9199724.974814748524.544986455918.31919228118.8900579827.43692493685.83178490685.831784906849.5198012044

    10199823.88304566725.143833153518.821916576818.50503416047.82542250995.81850053945.818500539449.0268788206

    11199923.562540346825.692852213819.232909645418.85225830877.24350555395.41370790025.413707900249.2553925606

    12200024.125590075726.277308156819.249094302318.0283236367.17092984965.14875397965.148753979650.4028982325

    13200124.12622634926.511037140919.23177995817.66818500357.28582690965.17475473025.174754730250.6372634898

    14200223.47570916227.499184871219.77828496917.4481034676.87968699054.91468318664.914683186650.9748940333

    15200323.303493449827.13537117918.762008733618.22052401756.7117903935.0807860262

    16200423.42819.517.86.84.5

    17200524.628.219.715.96.94.7

    Sheet1

    1 member

    2 member

    3 member

    4 member

    5 member

    6 member and more

    Percent

    Changes of Share of Households by Number of Household Member

    Sheet2

    Sheet3

    MBD00135941.xls

    Graph1

    19.003391280415.407411933617.998227979624.518041000912.731050074910.3449329382

    18.222465553415.445448185718.19509079324.865407427712.7900964210.4814916203

    20.382202771715.617797228317.741794310724.180889861412.10503282289.9722830051

    19.198581972515.403614807918.265822049225.652350787512.02708200159.4554541756

    18.029362270116.218882376817.99454534925.866070910512.28747171139.6007659723

    18.285583182816.200636668717.63457512426.175112564212.32900283929.3750896212

    18.116475182516.930782726817.754258871525.841869941712.11160790089.2478351916

    19.642313335717.037180587517.435840646725.021455662911.55283630029.3076049943

    18.787243434117.540278084317.595453542325.082763186911.94272787469.0515338777

    18.078198208118.122037427717.66994547525.492506233412.41197906688.2253335891

    19.398468048618.23611334317.609405967124.827253736111.95832663777.9704322674

    18.401117498518.522000752217.646268736925.178638585912.14742384368.1045505829

    18.181333901618.964415086318.13605369724.491263584111.66631152788.5606222033

    18.826187473719.569672131117.717528373323.988545607411.72498949148.1704497688

    19.450138362220.352054934918.163882340923.478015783511.16890437637.3870042021

    19.955856610120.592637694418.111474744422.878453459210.87855493827.5830225537

    20.971867007721.210240111218.210711891321.935291634610.49834876967.1735405855

    21.224016195121.256110205918.303461215621.717770206910.29970868517.1989334913

    21.776267896122.014074253818.429992720220.98034457669.8204319346.9764620238

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    60198518.401117498518.522000752217.646268736925.178638585912.14742384368.10455058298.104550582936.9231182507

    61198618.181333901618.964415086318.13605369724.491263584111.66631152788.56062220338.560622203337.1457489879

    62198718.826187473719.569672131117.717528373323.988545607411.72498949148.17044976888.170449768838.3958596049

    63198819.450138362220.352054934918.163882340923.478015783511.16890437637.38700420217.387004202139.8021932971

    198919.955856610120.592637694418.111474744422.878453459210.87855493827.58302255377.583022553740.5484943045

    2199020.971867007721.210240111218.210711891321.935291634610.49834876967.17354058557.173540585542.1821071189

    3199121.224016195121.256110205918.303461215621.717770206910.29970868517.19893349137.198933491342.480126401

    4199221.776267896122.014074253818.429992720220.98034457669.8204319346.97646202386.976462023843.79034215

    5199322.282790608722.531439774318.065318223120.95586477319.65189116826.51269545266.512695452644.814230383

    6199421.87121158123.31645629818.619410967720.12170481839.63892652556.42991276246.429912762445.187667879

    7199522.597498160423.546725533518.582290900219.60755457449.26416482716.40421878836.404218788346.1442236939

    8199623.482548451224.226721756818.814344739419.68178601597.74077202276.05382701396.053827013947.709270208

    9199724.974814748524.544986455918.31919228118.8900579827.43692493685.83178490685.831784906849.5198012044

    10199823.88304566725.143833153518.821916576818.50503416047.82542250995.81850053945.818500539449.0268788206

    11199923.562540346825.692852213819.232909645418.85225830877.24350555395.41370790025.413707900249.2553925606

    12200024.125590075726.277308156819.249094302318.0283236367.17092984965.14875397965.148753979650.4028982325

    13200124.12622634926.511037140919.23177995817.66818500357.28582690965.17475473025.174754730250.6372634898

    14200223.47570916227.499184871219.77828496917.4481034676.87968699054.91468318664.914683186650.9748940333

    Sheet3

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

  • Figure 4: Gini Coefficient: Household Income*

  • Figure 5. The Gini Coefficients of Before-tax Income by Age of Household Heads *Equivalent Scaled Income

  • Figure 6. Age Distribution of Household Heads*

  • Figure 7. Gini Coefficient of Household Consumption by Age group*

  • Figure 8. Gini Coefficient: Personal Income*

  • Are the elderly the economically disadvantaged people? (1)The public pension system, the health insurance system, the long-term care insurance system solve the problem of elderly people's povertyThe livelihood protection systemThe elderly people have a higher poverty rate than any other age groupThe average living standard of the elderly is not always lowThe average amount of financial assets held by age bracket is the largest among the aged.

    *

  • The income distribution in Japan: the level of income inequality of elderly people is higher than that of other age groups.The poverty rate of the elderly has not risen in the 2000s. The poverty rate increased in age groups of late 20s, 30s and under 5 .The number of elderly people has increased itself and thus the ratio of the aged to poor people is on the rise.*Are the elderly the economically disadvantaged people? (2)

  • Poverty of elderly people seen from the receipt of public assistanceFig. 9. Number of households receiving public assistance by household category*

  • Fig. 10: Ratio of households receiving public assistance by household category*

  • Figure11: Ratio of Households Receiving Public Assistance By Household Type*

  • Income and consumption of elderly peopleThe average before-tax real income per person "National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure\3.30 million in 1984\3.85 million in 1989\4.23 million in 1994\4.04 million in 1999\3.91 million in 2004.*

  • Figure 12: Change of the Average Before-Tax Income by Age group*

  • Figure 13: Change of the Average Disposable Income bye Age Group*

  • Fig. 14: Trend of the average real consumption expenditure by age group*

  • Fig. 15: Trend of the average real consumption expenditure for non-durable consumer goods*

  • Fig. 16: Trend of real financial assets held by age group*

  • Fig. 17: Gini Coefficient: Personal Before-Tax Income by Age Group*

  • Fig. 18: Gini Coefficient: Personal Consumption by Age Group*

  • Fig. 19: Gini Coefficient: Financial Asset*

  • Fig. 20: Poverty Rate: NSFIE*

    Graph1

    0.080350.077690.0564

    0.074870.065780.05545

    0.079210.072730.05713

    0.085020.078860.06193

    0.085840.08030.06162

    Before-Tax income

    Disposable Income

    Consumption

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate calculated using the NSFIE

    *100

    19841989199419992004

    0.096270.092490.103040.107640.10056

    250.124730.1450.172530.200640.1818

    25300.053910.066570.077720.077830.09038

    30350.069350.070180.080570.085080.08616

    35400.067170.0630.067410.064010.07185

    40450.060560.052340.059530.05740.05926

    45500.057240.043380.0480.056710.04421

    50550.065990.049880.042430.052920.05902

    55600.091370.076410.084280.078350.07668

    60650.157180.11960.123330.144640.11764

    65700.221140.179760.172730.157620.14493

    70750.287420.248810.246490.189040.15106

    50.397310.36010.355490.290040.2016

    (/125.5625150.20425180.00737176.16275165.34258

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.094740.083570.096350.101770.09589

    250.120820.148650.191240.228660.20875

    25300.044770.06060.080250.084230.09782

    30350.059640.063220.076360.090510.08734

    35400.060630.055830.064050.064520.07311

    40450.056760.04680.057570.056210.06065

    45500.057750.040170.050320.058540.04536

    50550.070020.046850.043370.053840.06277

    55600.104730.075140.085910.082970.08226

    60650.163560.107570.116030.140910.11426

    65700.216040.148550.148610.125060.12032

    70750.277930.21440.201530.153510.12787

    50.405240.323930.309050.247520.17539

    (/103.99368130.31512154.85663152.60451145.45065

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.06780.067950.069240.074690.07279

    250.094260.084420.107740.079830.09396

    25300.036470.033870.05270.056690.04771

    30350.045630.054640.061060.067910.06452

    35400.038270.050370.05960.06070.07199

    40450.033430.040760.044520.054040.0596

    45500.036180.034510.03560.043660.04016

    50550.054580.047560.042140.046130.0558

    55600.078840.06430.057250.058250.05798

    60650.119720.087130.078450.077760.06043

    65700.15820.150790.096620.095180.09205

    70750.217040.135540.133980.125120.09915

    50.264410.242860.225170.201380.152

    (/60907.569757.10980438.22780981.16479580.969

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.048870.044080.0460.053720.05165

    250.099550.081990.081390.073280.07518

    25300.02730.034390.032830.038290.04042

    30350.02950.036630.038390.051190.05039

    35400.021470.02940.03330.041530.04133

    40450.018240.024910.023430.032920.03913

    45500.024590.022390.022520.03130.02975

    50550.045340.032330.031380.035060.03549

    55600.060510.043490.045010.043540.04008

    60650.076190.056360.05160.05410.04099

    65700.113390.074310.063810.066390.06548

    70750.162530.085080.089710.085610.07403

    50.199810.1560.161970.154860.11574

    (/43364.26648817.7556490.165927059449.98

    5352755382566635600353221

    (2)

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    poverty rate year

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    Sheet3

    Sheet1

    Sheet2

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    *100

    19841989199419992004

    0.080350.074870.079210.085020.08584

    - 40.09180.111670.115520.129260.12906

    5-90.081580.085010.096950.102510.09874

    10-140.075550.073150.075670.083040.08018

    15-190.074540.059630.067550.07220.07308

    20-240.063210.055290.062670.074710.07981

    25-290.066990.079930.07850.092240.09321

    30-340.072610.083550.086260.092540.09952

    35-390.06470.068120.075680.079990.07964

    40-440.056070.056350.064690.066110.06495

    45-490.053680.044590.045190.055530.05009

    50-540.066150.047160.044380.047690.05632

    55-590.0860.064160.066110.064660.07342

    60-640.121420.0920.098130.103510.10294

    65-690.151670.111130.107150.100890.10166

    70-740.152880.110680.133360.108690.09993

    75-0.142990.112930.107040.119750.1062

    (/125.743152.74713185.89865182.16527170.63554

    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.077690.065780.072730.078860.0803

    - 40.081150.094260.104520.126220.12761

    5-90.0720.076450.088880.094720.098

    10-140.071740.06750.071580.079760.07612

    15-190.072940.054140.06280.068330.06786

    20-240.062890.051560.059730.075220.07902

    25-290.062320.069250.073020.0920.09699

    30-340.065550.070650.077760.089360.09771

    35-390.061230.059360.069380.074940.07654

    40-440.054960.052570.062430.063320.06185

    45-490.056530.04280.043310.053630.04817

    50-540.072340.047110.044890.048930.05818

    55-590.09810.058870.066970.067110.07567

    60-640.119520.074830.084980.087170.0881

    65-690.143640.084010.091060.075970.07796

    70-740.1490.089420.111440.086110.08036

    75-0.141420.095650.092360.099470.08908

    (/104.76295133.72806159.7032157.49878148.84122

    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.05640.055450.057130.061930.06162

    - 40.064240.073190.076560.082620.0782

    5-90.048990.055240.066130.072280.0737

    10-140.036640.042150.046780.048940.05563

    15-190.037420.032090.030370.032540.03622

    20-240.05640.055540.053810.057440.05901

    25-290.05720.061240.061850.07180.07154

    30-340.052150.065490.067880.078120.07151

    35-390.037390.051740.060990.063740.07205

    40-440.030870.038070.041040.045010.05374

    45-490.03850.03330.031730.037990.03917

    50-540.057170.044070.03780.04290.04586

    55-590.074960.058950.056620.048820.04975

    60-640.098290.074480.072360.067210.0552

    65-690.11080.087720.077010.077310.06319

    70-740.118930.087020.094430.091580.08196

    75-0.12250.096940.091010.105760.08945

    (/59849.17668666.16479319.94578715.17277399.555

    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.038550.033430.035450.040780.04052

    50.043090.043910.047840.054140.05376

    5100.02790.030480.032520.042510.04599

    10150.019410.02190.024610.026280.03511

    15200.025830.01690.016110.019260.02192

    20250.050930.033860.035520.038640.04044

    25300.044140.044820.042630.051630.0499

    30350.032430.039610.039480.053830.05094

    35400.019590.027290.035350.038730.04274

    40450.016340.021540.02330.026370.03463

    45500.027250.017850.020760.027330.02581

    50550.045660.029620.027430.029830.03222

    55600.05650.038960.038460.036510.03202

    60650.0630.047470.047240.047230.03419

    65700.079010.05350.051130.050530.04156

    70750.091530.05760.063170.05670.05581

    50.094550.064180.065570.07630.06023

    (/42525.79747698.59455373.68856870.83657576.75

    196672196716188637176520160406

    - 4

    5-9

    10-14

    15-19

    20-24

    25-29

    30-34

    35-39

    40-44

    45-49

    50-54

    55-59

    60-64

    65-69

    70-74

    75-

    - 4

    5-9

    10-14

    15-19

    20-24

    25-29

    30-34

    35-39

    40-44

    45-49

    50-54

    55-59

    60-64

    65-69

    70-74

    75-

    - 4

    5-9

    10-14

    15-19

    20-24

    25-29

    30-34

    35-39

    40-44

    45-49

    50-54

    55-59

    60-64

    65-69

    70-74

    75-

    5

    510

    1015

    1520

    2025

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    Poverty Rate

    Figure 11. Poverty rate from the disposable income: the NSFIE

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    Figure 13. Poverty rates by age group using the consumption expenditure: NSFIE

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    19841989199419992004

    Before-Tax income0.080350.074870.079210.085020.08584

    Disposable Income0.077690.065780.072730.078860.0803

    Consumption0.05640.055450.057130.061930.06162

    198719901993199619992002

    Before-Tax income0.113050.119150.121860.130140.141480.1547

    Disposable Income0.105570.12120.116450.13010.140250.14462

    Consumption0.0450.041350.045730.063640.054810.06306

    Before-Tax income

    Disposable Income

    Consumption

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate calculated using the NSFIE

    Before-Tax income

    Disposable Income

    Consumption

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate calculated using the "Income Redistribution Survey"

    4|0.043090.006810.00184|0.073190.012920.003874|0.082620.014540.00411

    9|0.02790.004250.001059|0.055240.009820.002879|0.072280.01330.00381

    14|0.019410.003450.00114|0.042150.007350.0021614|0.048940.008610.00243

    19|0.025830.005280.0016819|0.032090.005610.0016419|0.032540.006010.00174

    24|0.050930.008540.0023124|0.055540.010740.0031424|0.057440.010450.00313

    29|0.044140.007160.0019129|0.061240.011690.0036329|0.07180.013240.0039

    34|0.032430.004850.0011834|0.065490.01230.003834|0.078120.014520.00421

    39|0.019590.003090.0008639|0.051740.008710.002539|0.063740.01160.00333

    44|0.016340.00280.0008544|0.038070.007170.0022844|0.045010.008240.00237

    49|0.027250.004630.0012349|0.03330.00610.0017849|0.037990.007110.00213

    54|0.045660.008050.0024354|0.044070.008840.0027754|0.04290.007670.00229

    59|0.05650.009950.0028659|0.058950.011830.0036959|0.048820.009640.00302

    64|0.0630.012090.0038864|0.074480.014690.0046664|0.067210.013330.00401

    69|0.079010.014090.004269|0.087720.017090.0053669|0.077310.014510.00429

    74|0.091530.019060.0062174|0.087020.017050.0054274|0.091580.018370.00605

    99|0.094550.021890.0083899|0.096940.019920.0065599|0.105760.022340.00741

    4|0.064240.011840.00364|0.076560.013320.00388

    9|0.048990.008640.002484|0.126220.02820.010879|0.066130.010990.00301

    14|0.036640.006640.002079|0.094720.024640.0109614|0.046780.007960.00221

    19|0.037420.007720.0025914|0.079760.021850.0119|0.030370.005540.00168

    24|0.05640.011090.003519|0.068330.019390.0090224|0.053810.010190.00313

    29|0.05720.011080.0034424|0.075220.020130.0091529|0.061850.011870.00369

    34|0.052150.009320.0026929|0.0920.021740.0089934|0.067880.011940.00343

    39|0.037390.006270.0018234|0.089360.022060.0097239|0.060990.01050.00304

    44|0.030870.005430.0016939|0.074940.01910.0081244|0.041040.00760.00231

    49|0.03850.007320.0023144|0.063320.016840.0075849|0.031730.006180.00194

    54|0.057170.012340.0041749|0.053630.016290.0079854|0.03780.007680.00252

    59|0.074960.016020.0052854|0.048930.014570.0070759|0.056620.010910.00335

    64|0.098290.020870.0071959|0.067110.019890.0097864|0.072360.015070.00473

    69|0.11080.02380.0079864|0.087170.023910.0114769|0.077010.016710.00552

    74|0.118930.028540.0106969|0.075970.021230.0097374|0.094430.020870.00739

    99|0.12250.031280.0125874|0.086110.02620.0127499|0.091010.020240.0069

    99|0.099470.029740.01355

    4|0.054140.008320.002084|0.115520.023170.00823

    9|0.042510.006320.001569|0.096950.021590.00803

    14|0.026280.003840.0009814|0.075670.019270.0081

    19|0.019260.003020.0007819|0.067550.018720.00863

    24|0.038640.006110.0016624|0.062670.015850.00652

    29|0.051630.00860.0023229|0.07850.014870.00523

    34|0.053830.008490.0021234|0.086260.017310.00608

    39|0.038730.005630.0013939|0.075680.017520.00685

    44|0.026370.004010.0010244|0.064690.016660.00732

    49|0.027330.004460.0012949|0.045190.011350.00484

    54|0.029830.004760.0012354|0.044380.010930.0045

    59|0.036510.005970.0015559|0.066110.016830.00696

    64|0.047230.007480.0018764|0.098130.024830.01067

    69|0.050530.007520.0019269|0.107150.02890.01259

    74|0.05670.01050.0031674|0.133360.037130.01655

    99|0.07630.01360.0038799|0.107040.030070.01349

    24|0.094260.018740.00658

    29|0.036470.006420.002

    34|0.045630.008160.00244

    39|0.038270.006410.00183

    44|0.033430.005980.00191

    49|0.036180.00710.00227

    54|0.054580.011880.00403

    59|0.078840.017510.00592

    64|0.119720.027080.0098

    69|0.15820.036360.01263

    74|0.217040.057290.02266

    99|0.264410.080410.03747

  • Fig. 21: Poverty Rate: IRS*

    Graph2

    0.113050.105570.045

    0.119150.12120.04135

    0.121860.116450.04573

    0.130140.13010.06364

    0.141480.140250.05481

    0.15470.144620.06306

    Before-Tax income

    Disposable Income

    Consumption

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate based on IRS

    *100

    19841989199419992004

    0.096270.092490.103040.107640.10056

    250.124730.1450.172530.200640.1818

    25300.053910.066570.077720.077830.09038

    30350.069350.070180.080570.085080.08616

    35400.067170.0630.067410.064010.07185

    40450.060560.052340.059530.05740.05926

    45500.057240.043380.0480.056710.04421

    50550.065990.049880.042430.052920.05902

    55600.091370.076410.084280.078350.07668

    60650.157180.11960.123330.144640.11764

    65700.221140.179760.172730.157620.14493

    70750.287420.248810.246490.189040.15106

    50.397310.36010.355490.290040.2016

    (/125.5625150.20425180.00737176.16275165.34258

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.094740.083570.096350.101770.09589

    250.120820.148650.191240.228660.20875

    25300.044770.06060.080250.084230.09782

    30350.059640.063220.076360.090510.08734

    35400.060630.055830.064050.064520.07311

    40450.056760.04680.057570.056210.06065

    45500.057750.040170.050320.058540.04536

    50550.070020.046850.043370.053840.06277

    55600.104730.075140.085910.082970.08226

    60650.163560.107570.116030.140910.11426

    65700.216040.148550.148610.125060.12032

    70750.277930.21440.201530.153510.12787

    50.405240.323930.309050.247520.17539

    (/103.99368130.31512154.85663152.60451145.45065

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.06780.067950.069240.074690.07279

    250.094260.084420.107740.079830.09396

    25300.036470.033870.05270.056690.04771

    30350.045630.054640.061060.067910.06452

    35400.038270.050370.05960.06070.07199

    40450.033430.040760.044520.054040.0596

    45500.036180.034510.03560.043660.04016

    50550.054580.047560.042140.046130.0558

    55600.078840.06430.057250.058250.05798

    60650.119720.087130.078450.077760.06043

    65700.15820.150790.096620.095180.09205

    70750.217040.135540.133980.125120.09915

    50.264410.242860.225170.201380.152

    (/60907.569757.10980438.22780981.16479580.969

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.048870.044080.0460.053720.05165

    250.099550.081990.081390.073280.07518

    25300.02730.034390.032830.038290.04042

    30350.02950.036630.038390.051190.05039

    35400.021470.02940.03330.041530.04133

    40450.018240.024910.023430.032920.03913

    45500.024590.022390.022520.03130.02975

    50550.045340.032330.031380.035060.03549

    55600.060510.043490.045010.043540.04008

    60650.076190.056360.05160.05410.04099

    65700.113390.074310.063810.066390.06548

    70750.162530.085080.089710.085610.07403

    50.199810.1560.161970.154860.11574

    (/43364.26648817.7556490.165927059449.98

    5352755382566635600353221

    (2)

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    poverty rate year

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    Sheet3

    Sheet1

    Sheet2

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    *100

    19841989199419992004

    0.080350.074870.079210.085020.08584

    - 40.09180.111670.115520.129260.12906

    5-90.081580.085010.096950.102510.09874

    10-140.075550.073150.075670.083040.08018

    15-190.074540.059630.067550.07220.07308

    20-240.063210.055290.062670.074710.07981

    25-290.066990.079930.07850.092240.09321

    30-340.072610.083550.086260.092540.09952

    35-390.06470.068120.075680.079990.07964

    40-440.056070.056350.064690.066110.06495

    45-490.053680.044590.045190.055530.05009

    50-540.066150.047160.044380.047690.05632

    55-590.0860.064160.066110.064660.07342

    60-640.121420.0920.098130.103510.10294

    65-690.151670.111130.107150.100890.10166

    70-740.152880.110680.133360.108690.09993

    75-0.142990.112930.107040.119750.1062

    (/125.743152.74713185.89865182.16527170.63554

    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.077690.065780.072730.078860.0803

    - 40.081150.094260.104520.126220.12761

    5-90.0720.076450.088880.094720.098

    10-140.071740.06750.071580.079760.07612

    15-190.072940.054140.06280.068330.06786

    20-240.062890.051560.059730.075220.07902

    25-290.062320.069250.073020.0920.09699

    30-340.065550.070650.077760.089360.09771

    35-390.061230.059360.069380.074940.07654

    40-440.054960.052570.062430.063320.06185

    45-490.056530.04280.043310.053630.04817

    50-540.072340.047110.044890.048930.05818

    55-590.09810.058870.066970.067110.07567

    60-640.119520.074830.084980.087170.0881

    65-690.143640.084010.091060.075970.07796

    70-740.1490.089420.111440.086110.08036

    75-0.141420.095650.092360.099470.08908

    (/104.76295133.72806159.7032157.49878148.84122

    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.05640.055450.057130.061930.06162

    - 40.064240.073190.076560.082620.0782

    5-90.048990.055240.066130.072280.0737

    10-140.036640.042150.046780.048940.05563

    15-190.037420.032090.030370.032540.03622

    20-240.05640.055540.053810.057440.05901

    25-290.05720.061240.061850.07180.07154

    30-340.052150.065490.067880.078120.07151

    35-390.037390.051740.060990.063740.07205

    40-440.030870.038070.041040.045010.05374

    45-490.03850.03330.031730.037990.03917

    50-540.057170.044070.03780.04290.04586

    55-590.074960.058950.056620.048820.04975

    60-640.098290.074480.072360.067210.0552

    65-690.11080.087720.077010.077310.06319

    70-740.118930.087020.094430.091580.08196

    75-0.12250.096940.091010.105760.08945

    (/59849.17668666.16479319.94578715.17277399.555

    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.038550.033430.035450.040780.04052

    50.043090.043910.047840.054140.05376

    5100.02790.030480.032520.042510.04599

    10150.019410.02190.024610.026280.03511

    15200.025830.01690.016110.019260.02192

    20250.050930.033860.035520.038640.04044

    25300.044140.044820.042630.051630.0499

    30350.032430.039610.039480.053830.05094

    35400.019590.027290.035350.038730.04274

    40450.016340.021540.02330.026370.03463

    45500.027250.017850.020760.027330.02581

    50550.045660.029620.027430.029830.03222

    55600.05650.038960.038460.036510.03202

    60650.0630.047470.047240.047230.03419

    65700.079010.05350.051130.050530.04156

    70750.091530.05760.063170.05670.05581

    50.094550.064180.065570.07630.06023

    (/42525.79747698.59455373.68856870.83657576.75

    196672196716188637176520160406

    - 4

    5-9

    10-14

    15-19

    20-24

    25-29

    30-34

    35-39

    40-44

    45-49

    50-54

    55-59

    60-64

    65-69

    70-74

    75-

    - 4

    5-9

    10-14

    15-19

    20-24

    25-29

    30-34

    35-39

    40-44

    45-49

    50-54

    55-59

    60-64

    65-69

    70-74

    75-

    - 4

    5-9

    10-14

    15-19

    20-24

    25-29

    30-34

    35-39

    40-44

    45-49

    50-54

    55-59

    60-64

    65-69

    70-74

    75-

    5

    510

    1015

    1520

    2025

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    Poverty Rate

    Figure 11. Poverty rate from the disposable income: the NSFIE

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    Figure 13. Poverty rates by age group using the consumption expenditure: NSFIE

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    19841989199419992004

    Before-Tax income0.080350.074870.079210.085020.08584

    Disposable Income0.077690.065780.072730.078860.0803

    Consumption0.05640.055450.057130.061930.06162

    198719901993199619992002

    Before-Tax income0.113050.119150.121860.130140.141480.1547

    Disposable Income0.105570.12120.116450.13010.140250.14462

    Consumption0.0450.041350.045730.063640.054810.06306

    Before-Tax income

    Disposable Income

    Consumption

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate calculated using the NSFIE

    Before-Tax income

    Disposable Income

    Consumption

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate based on IRS

    4|0.043090.006810.00184|0.073190.012920.003874|0.082620.014540.00411

    9|0.02790.004250.001059|0.055240.009820.002879|0.072280.01330.00381

    14|0.019410.003450.00114|0.042150.007350.0021614|0.048940.008610.00243

    19|0.025830.005280.0016819|0.032090.005610.0016419|0.032540.006010.00174

    24|0.050930.008540.0023124|0.055540.010740.0031424|0.057440.010450.00313

    29|0.044140.007160.0019129|0.061240.011690.0036329|0.07180.013240.0039

    34|0.032430.004850.0011834|0.065490.01230.003834|0.078120.014520.00421

    39|0.019590.003090.0008639|0.051740.008710.002539|0.063740.01160.00333

    44|0.016340.00280.0008544|0.038070.007170.0022844|0.045010.008240.00237

    49|0.027250.004630.0012349|0.03330.00610.0017849|0.037990.007110.00213

    54|0.045660.008050.0024354|0.044070.008840.0027754|0.04290.007670.00229

    59|0.05650.009950.0028659|0.058950.011830.0036959|0.048820.009640.00302

    64|0.0630.012090.0038864|0.074480.014690.0046664|0.067210.013330.00401

    69|0.079010.014090.004269|0.087720.017090.0053669|0.077310.014510.00429

    74|0.091530.019060.0062174|0.087020.017050.0054274|0.091580.018370.00605

    99|0.094550.021890.0083899|0.096940.019920.0065599|0.105760.022340.00741

    4|0.064240.011840.00364|0.076560.013320.00388

    9|0.048990.008640.002484|0.126220.02820.010879|0.066130.010990.00301

    14|0.036640.006640.002079|0.094720.024640.0109614|0.046780.007960.00221

    19|0.037420.007720.0025914|0.079760.021850.0119|0.030370.005540.00168

    24|0.05640.011090.003519|0.068330.019390.0090224|0.053810.010190.00313

    29|0.05720.011080.0034424|0.075220.020130.0091529|0.061850.011870.00369

    34|0.052150.009320.0026929|0.0920.021740.0089934|0.067880.011940.00343

    39|0.037390.006270.0018234|0.089360.022060.0097239|0.060990.01050.00304

    44|0.030870.005430.0016939|0.074940.01910.0081244|0.041040.00760.00231

    49|0.03850.007320.0023144|0.063320.016840.0075849|0.031730.006180.00194

    54|0.057170.012340.0041749|0.053630.016290.0079854|0.03780.007680.00252

    59|0.074960.016020.0052854|0.048930.014570.0070759|0.056620.010910.00335

    64|0.098290.020870.0071959|0.067110.019890.0097864|0.072360.015070.00473

    69|0.11080.02380.0079864|0.087170.023910.0114769|0.077010.016710.00552

    74|0.118930.028540.0106969|0.075970.021230.0097374|0.094430.020870.00739

    99|0.12250.031280.0125874|0.086110.02620.0127499|0.091010.020240.0069

    99|0.099470.029740.01355

    4|0.054140.008320.002084|0.115520.023170.00823

    9|0.042510.006320.001569|0.096950.021590.00803

    14|0.026280.003840.0009814|0.075670.019270.0081

    19|0.019260.003020.0007819|0.067550.018720.00863

    24|0.038640.006110.0016624|0.062670.015850.00652

    29|0.051630.00860.0023229|0.07850.014870.00523

    34|0.053830.008490.0021234|0.086260.017310.00608

    39|0.038730.005630.0013939|0.075680.017520.00685

    44|0.026370.004010.0010244|0.064690.016660.00732

    49|0.027330.004460.0012949|0.045190.011350.00484

    54|0.029830.004760.0012354|0.044380.010930.0045

    59|0.036510.005970.0015559|0.066110.016830.00696

    64|0.047230.007480.0018764|0.098130.024830.01067

    69|0.050530.007520.0019269|0.107150.02890.01259

    74|0.05670.01050.0031674|0.133360.037130.01655

    99|0.07630.01360.0038799|0.107040.030070.01349

    24|0.094260.018740.00658

    29|0.036470.006420.002

    34|0.045630.008160.00244

    39|0.038270.006410.00183

    44|0.033430.005980.00191

    49|0.036180.00710.00227

    54|0.054580.011880.00403

    59|0.078840.017510.00592

    64|0.119720.027080.0098

    69|0.15820.036360.01263

    74|0.217040.057290.02266

    99|0.264410.080410.03747

  • Fig. 22: Poverty Rate from the Disposable Income by Age Group: NSFIE*

    Graph3

    0.081150.094260.104520.126220.12761

    0.0720.076450.088880.094720.098

    0.071740.06750.071580.079760.07612

    0.072940.054140.06280.068330.06786

    0.062890.051560.059730.075220.07902

    0.062320.069250.073020.0920.09699

    0.065550.070650.077760.089360.09771

    0.061230.059360.069380.074940.07654

    0.054960.052570.062430.063320.06185

    0.056530.04280.043310.053630.04817

    0.072340.047110.044890.048930.05818

    0.09810.058870.066970.067110.07567

    0.119520.074830.084980.087170.0881

    0.143640.084010.091060.075970.07796

    0.1490.089420.111440.086110.08036

    0.141420.095650.092360.099470.08908

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    Poverty Rate

    Poverty rate from the disposable income: the NSFIE

    head count ratio

    *100

    19841989199419992004

    0.096270.092490.103040.107640.10056

    250.124730.1450.172530.200640.1818

    25300.053910.066570.077720.077830.09038

    30350.069350.070180.080570.085080.08616

    35400.067170.0630.067410.064010.07185

    40450.060560.052340.059530.05740.05926

    45500.057240.043380.0480.056710.04421

    50550.065990.049880.042430.052920.05902

    55600.091370.076410.084280.078350.07668

    60650.157180.11960.123330.144640.11764

    65700.221140.179760.172730.157620.14493

    70750.287420.248810.246490.189040.15106

    50.397310.36010.355490.290040.2016

    (/125.5625150.20425180.00737176.16275165.34258

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.094740.083570.096350.101770.09589

    250.120820.148650.191240.228660.20875

    25300.044770.06060.080250.084230.09782

    30350.059640.063220.076360.090510.08734

    35400.060630.055830.064050.064520.07311

    40450.056760.04680.057570.056210.06065

    45500.057750.040170.050320.058540.04536

    50550.070020.046850.043370.053840.06277

    55600.104730.075140.085910.082970.08226

    60650.163560.107570.116030.140910.11426

    65700.216040.148550.148610.125060.12032

    70750.277930.21440.201530.153510.12787

    50.405240.323930.309050.247520.17539

    (/103.99368130.31512154.85663152.60451145.45065

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.06780.067950.069240.074690.07279

    250.094260.084420.107740.079830.09396

    25300.036470.033870.05270.056690.04771

    30350.045630.054640.061060.067910.06452

    35400.038270.050370.05960.06070.07199

    40450.033430.040760.044520.054040.0596

    45500.036180.034510.03560.043660.04016

    50550.054580.047560.042140.046130.0558

    55600.078840.06430.057250.058250.05798

    60650.119720.087130.078450.077760.06043

    65700.15820.150790.096620.095180.09205

    70750.217040.135540.133980.125120.09915

    50.264410.242860.225170.201380.152

    (/60907.569757.10980438.22780981.16479580.969

    5352755382566635600353221

    19841989199419992004

    0.048870.044080.0460.053720.05165

    250.099550.081990.081390.073280.07518

    25300.02730.034390.032830.038290.04042

    30350.02950.036630.038390.051190.05039

    35400.021470.02940.03330.041530.04133

    40450.018240.024910.023430.032920.03913

    45500.024590.022390.022520.03130.02975

    50550.045340.032330.031380.035060.03549

    55600.060510.043490.045010.043540.04008

    60650.076190.056360.05160.05410.04099

    65700.113390.074310.063810.066390.06548

    70750.162530.085080.089710.085610.07403

    50.199810.1560.161970.154860.11574

    (/43364.26648817.7556490.165927059449.98

    5352755382566635600353221

    (2)

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    poverty rate year

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    Sheet3

    Sheet1

    Sheet2

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    25

    2530

    3035

    3540

    4045

    4550

    5055

    5560

    6065

    6570

    7075

    5

    1984

    1989

    1994

    1999

    2004

    head count ratio

    *100

    19841989199419992004

    0.080350.074870.079210.085020.08584

    - 40.09180.111670.115520.129260.12906

    5-90.081580.085010.096950.102510.09874

    10-140.075550.073150.075670.083040.08018

    15-190.074540.059630.067550.07220.07308

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    196672196716188637176520160406

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    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.05640.055450.057130.061930.06162

    - 40.064240.073190.076560.082620.0782

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    196672196716188637176520160406

    19841989199419992004

    0.038550.033430.035450.040780.04052

    50.043090.043910.047840.054140.05376

    5100.02790.030480.032520.042510.04599

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