0 | p a g e...3 | p a g e flá fhÿï ,ehsia;=j aiib wdishdkq há;, myiqlï wdfhdack nexl=j aps...
TRANSCRIPT
0 | P a g e
1 | P a g e
mgqk
flá fhÿï ,ehsia;=j ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 03
j.= igyka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 04
úOdhl idrdxYh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 05
1. iudc l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqfõ
úIh m:h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 07
2. miqìu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 09
3. jHdmD;s úia;rh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10
3.1 jHdmD;sfha b,lal iy wruqKq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10
3.2 n,mEï iys; m%foaY iy ck;dj ms<sn| úia;rh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10
4. iudc l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqfõ wruqKq ''''' 12
5. jHdmD;sh ;=<ska isÿ úh yels wys;lr iudchSh n,mEu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 14
6. iudchSh n,mEu wju lsÍu i|yd uQ,O¾u iy ud¾f.damfoaYhka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 15
7. kdh hEï fya;=fjka wdmodjg ,lajQ mqoa.,hka i|yd jkaÈ f.ùu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 19
8. ffk;sl rduqj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 24
w& 2005 wxl 13 orK Y%S ,xld wdmod l<ukdlrK mk; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 24
wd& 1950 wxl 9 orK bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk; iy 2008 bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï
fr.=,dis ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 24
b& cd;sl iafõPd fkdjk kej;s mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25
B& 1978 wxl 41 orK kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldß kS;sh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 26
W& uy k.r iNd wd{d mk; iy k.r iNd wd{d mk; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 26
9' WmfoaYkh iy md¾Yjlrejkaf.a odhl;ajh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 28
9'1 md¾Yjlrejka úYaf,aIKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 28
9'2 md¾Yjlrejka oekqj;a lsÍu yd iyNd.s;ajh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 28
10' ms<shï fh¥ ia:dk l<ukdlrKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 31
11' .egqï ksrdlrKh yd ÿla.ekú,s ms<sn| l%shdmámdáh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 35
12' wëCIKh iy we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 35
13' YlH;d j¾Okh iy mqyqKqj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 37
2 | P a g e
weuqKqï ,ehsia;=j
weuqKqu 01' kdh hEï fya;=fjka úm;g m;ajQjka kej; mÈxÑ
lsÍï l%shd;aul lsÍfï rduqj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 38
weuqKqu 02' bvï ysñhka iu. we;slr .ekSug fhdacs; .súiqu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 38
weuqKqu 03' ÿla .ekú,s bÈßm;a lsÍfï whÿï m;%h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 38
weuqKqu 04' m%Odk ld¾h uKav,fha iqÿiqlï iy w;aoelSï ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 38
3 | P a g e
flá fhÿï ,ehsia;=j
AIIB wdishdkq há;, myiqlï wdfhdack nexl=j
APs n,mEug ,la jQ mqoa.,hska
ACLG m<d;a md,k iyldr flduidßia
CBO m%cd mdol ixúOdk
DGRC osia;%sla ÿla .ekú,s iyk lñgqj
DM wdmod l<ukdlrKh
DMC wdmod l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkh
GoSL YS% ,xld wdKavqj
GN .%du ks,OdÍ
GRC ÿla.ekú,s iyk lñgqj
LAA bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk;
LAR bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï fr.=,dis
LGRC m%dfoaYSh ÿla .ekú,s iyk lñgqj
NBRO cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh
NIRP cd;sl iafõPd fkdjk kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh
NPPD cd;sl fN!;sl ie,iqï fomd¾;fïka;=j
PD jHmD;s wOHCIl
PPAs jHmD;s iyfhda.s;d ksfhdacs;dh;k
PIB uyck;dj oekqj;a lsÍfï m;%sldj
PMU jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh
RDA ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh
RDO .%dóh ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ
SMRPF iudchSh l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqj
SMP iudchSh l<ukdlrK ie,iqï
SDO iudc ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ
SIA iudchSh n,mEï ;lafiarelrKh
SLR Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fiajh
UDA kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh
4 | P a g e
j.= f,aLkh
j.=j 01( Èia;%slal wkqj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug kshñ; ksjdi tall ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 08
j.=j 02( Èia;%slal wkqj bÈ lr we;s ksjdi tall '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 08
j.=j 03( fhdacs; kdh hEï wjulrK jHdmD;sfha iDcq m%;s,dN '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 09
j.=j 04( 2000 - 2010 ld,h ;=< isÿ jQ kdh hEïj, n,mEu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 11
j.=j 05( isÿúh yels ydks iy n,mEï j¾.SlrKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 14
j.=j 06( iudchSh n,mEï wjulsÍu i|yd fhdacs; uQ,O¾u iy ud¾f.damfoaYhka '''''''''''''' 15
j.=j 07( jHdmD;sh fya;=fjka n,mEug ,lajkakka i|yd jkaÈ f.ùug wod< ysñlï '''''''' 19
j.=j 08( jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug wod< iyNd.s;aj l%shdldrlï iy md¾Yjlrejka oekqj;a lsÍu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 29
j.=j 09( iudc wdrCIK l%shdldrlï we.hSu iy wëCIKh i|yd o¾Yl iy úp,Hhka '' 36
5 | P a g e
úOdhl idrdxYh
jHdmD;s úia;rh( fuu jHdmD;sh ;=<ska kdh hEfï wjodkug ,laj we;s ÿïßh ud¾." wêfõ.S
ud¾." uyd ud¾." c, iïmdok yd úÿ,s n, iy ikaksfõok cd, jeks m%Odk há;, myiqlï
iqrCIs; lsÍu i|yd kdh hEï wju lsÍfï mshjrhka .ekSug wfmaCId flf¾' fuu jHdmD;sh
;=< isÿ lsÍug y÷kd f.k we;s kdh hEï wjulrK mshjrhka m%Odk jYfhka ldKav ;=klg
j¾. lrkq ,nhs' m<uq ldKavh hgf;a kdh hEï wjodkï iys; ia:dkhkaf.a c, uÜgu wju
lsÍu i|yd ldKq moaO;s ixj¾Okh lsÍu" fojk ldKavh hgf;a nEjqfï ia:djr;ajh j¾Okh
lsÍu i|yd nEjqï jeäÈhqKq lsÍu iy f;jk ldKavh hgf;a È.= ld,Sk nEjqï ia:dhSlrKh
i|yd kdh hEï md,k mshjr .ekSu isÿ lrkq we;'
iudchSh jYfhka isÿ úh yels n,mEu( fuu jHdmD;shg wod< y÷kd.;a ia:dkhkays kdh hEï
wjodku wju lsÍfï l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka ;djld,slj fjk;a ia:dkhkays mÈxÑ lsÍï" j.d
lghq;=j,g ydks fukau f.dvke.s,s" bvï" fjk;a jHqyhka" wdodhï ud¾. iy M,odhS há;,
myiqlï i|yd m%Odk iudchSh n,mEï isÿ ùug bv we;'
iudchSh l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï rduqj( fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj
hgf;a jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ isÿúh yels iudc n,mEu y÷kd .ekSu" iudchSh wdrCIK
mshjrhka iïmdokh fukau jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ wdh;ksl jYfhka jk ms<sfh,
lsÍï" tkï ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSu" WmfoaYkh" iyNd.s;ajh" fy<sorõ lsÍu iy
jHdmD;s wëCIK yd we.hSï lghq;= i|yd wod< jk uQ,O¾u yd l%ufõohka /ila bÈßm;a lr
we;' óg wu;rj iudchSh ueÈy;aùu yd j.lSï iy.; Ndjh j¾Okh lsÍfï wruqKska
iyNd.s;aj m%fõYh Yla;su;a lsÍug wod<j w;sf¾l uQ,O¾u rdYshla fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj ;=<
wka;¾.;j we;' iudchSh n,mEï ;lafiare lsÍfï§ úfYaIs; ie,eiaulg hg;aj isÿ lsÍug
fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj bv i,iajd we;' l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï
rduqj ;=< j.lSï iy.; Ndjh iy iudchSh ueÈy;aùu Yla;su;a lsÍu yryd nyq iyNd.s;aj
m%fõYhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï wruqKska w;sf¾l ud¾f.damfoaYhka rdYshla we;=<;a lr we;'
tfiau fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj u; mokïj ia:dkSh úfYaIs; ls%shdldÍ ie,eiaula hgf;a iudchSh
n,mEï ;lafiare lsÍï isÿ lrkq we;'
iudchSh n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd mshjrhka( fuu jHdmD;sh ie,iqïlsÍfï§" l%shd;aul
lsÍfï§ iy jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï l<ukdlrKfhaoS iudc wdrCIKh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd cd;sl
f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkhg m%udKj;a mßos ueÈy;a ùug wjia:dj ,nd§ we;' cd;sl
f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh úiska iudc n,mEï wju lsÍfï mshjrhka ie,iqï lsÍfï§
iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï § ;djld,sl wjYH;djka u; mqoa.,hska fjk;a ia:dkhkays mÈxÑ lsÍug
isÿ jqjo fuys wjidk wruqK jkafka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï wjia:djka wju lsÍu fõ' tneúka
jHdmD;sfha uQ,sl mshjrla jYfhka jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ;djld,slj kej; mÈxÑ
lsÍug isÿjk mjq,a iy kdh hEï wjulrK lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSug isÿjk bvïj,
ysulrejka iu`. wjfndaO;d .súiqulg t<ôh hq;=h' tfiau" jHdmD;shg wod< lghq;=
fya;=fjka hï mqoa.,fhl= i;= f.dvke.s,s" bvï" fjk;a ks¾ñ;hka" wdodhï ud¾." M,odhS
6 | P a g e
há;, myiqlï yd lDIs ld¾ñl lghq;=j,g w,dN fyda ydks jkafka kï j¾;udk
fjf<|fmd< jákdul wkqj jkaÈ f.ùï isÿ l< hq;=h'
ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Kh( fuu hka;%Kh m%Odk wÈhr ;=kla hgf;a
l%shd;aul fõ' w&' ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï m%dfoaYSh lñgqj (LGRC) - n,mEug ,lajQ
mqoa.,hska úiska ish ÿla .ekú,s jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha we;s CDO fj; bÈßm;a l<
hq;=h' CDO úiska tu ÿla .ekú,s m%dfoaYSh ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï lñgqjg fhduq
lrkq ,nhs' tu lñgqj úiska wod< .%du ks,OdÍjrekaf.a iyfhda.h u; i;shl ld, iSudjla
we;=<; ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSug lghq= lrkq ,nhs' wd&' ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk
ie,iSfï Èia;%sla lñgqj (DGRC) - m%dfoaYSh lñgq uágñka úi÷ï ,nd§ug fkdyels hï ÿla
.ekú,a,la mj;skafka kï tu ÿla.ekú,s ms<sn| úi÷ï ,nd §u i|yd CDO úiska Bg wod<
ish¨u ,sms f,aLk iys;j Èia;%sla lñgqj fj; fhduq l< hq;=h' DGRC úiska i;s foll
ld,iSudjla ;=< jHdmD;s iyfhda.S;d ksfhdacs;dh;khkays iu`. taldnoaOj tu ÿla.ekú,s
ms<sn| ;SrK ,nd Èh hq;=h' b&' ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï iajdëk uKav,h (IGP) -
ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï osia;%sla lágqj úiska ,ndfok ;SrKhla iïnkaOfhka
n,mEug ,lajQ mqoa.,hska iEySulg m;afkdjk wjia:djl§ ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï
iajdëk lñgqj fj; wNshdpkd bÈßm;a l< yelsh' IGP úiska i;s foll ld,hla ;=< wod<
f;dr;=re úu¾Ykh lsÍfuka miq ish ;SrKh bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' hï fyhlska ÿla.ekú,s i|yd
iyk ie,iSfï iajdëk lñgqj úiska ,nd ÿka ;SrKh o n,mEug ,lajQ md¾Yjh tlÕ
fkdjkafka kï wêlrKh fj; fhduq ùug wjia:dj mj;S'
wëCIK iy we.hSï hdka;%Kh( iajdëk wdrCIK wëCIK iy iudf,dapk úfYaI{hskaf.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka hq;= wëCIK iy jd¾;d lsÍfï hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lrkq ,efí' tu wëCIK
hdka;%Kh ;=< ud¾f.damfoaYhka" fldkafoais yd ks¾foaYhka" wëCIK o¾Ylhka" l%shd;aul
lsÍfï hdka;%Kh iy l%ufõohka" l%shd;aul l< hq;= jdr .Kk" ,sms f,aLk iy jd¾;d lsÍfï
úêúOdkhka hkd§ ish,a, we;=<;a fõ'
7 | P a g e
01' iudc l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqjg wh;a
úIh m:h
fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj hgf;a fhdacs; kdh hEï wjulrK jevìï 147g wod<j iudc wdrCIK
jevigyka M,odhSj yd ld¾hCIuj l%shd;aul jkafkao hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd
wëCIKh iy we.hSï isÿ lsÍu;a ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSu" WmfoaYkh" iyNd.s;ajh"
wkdjrKh lsÍï we;=<;aj iudc l%shdldÍ ie,iqï l%shd;aul i|yd jk wdh;ksl úêúOdk;a"
iudc wdrCIK mshjrhka l%shd;au; lsßu i|yd u. fmkaùu;a iy jHmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§
we;sjk n,mEï y÷kd .ekSu;a i|yd uQ,O¾u iy ud¾f.damfoaYhka iuqÉPhla ilia lr we;'
jHdmD;shg wod< l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka hï mqoa.,fhla i;= f.dvke.s,s" bvï" fjk;a
jHqyhka" wdodhï ud¾." M,odhS há;, myiqlï fyda j.d lghq;=j,g ydks isÿ ùul § ta i|yd
ydksmQrK jkaÈ f.ùï fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;au isÿ lrkq ,efí' ta i|yd wod< jkaÈ uqo, bvï
w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk; hgf;a j¾;udk fjf<|fmd< jákdlu wkqj ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs'
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk m%foaYj, mÈxÑj isák mjq,a i|yd jkaÈ f.ùï fyda fjk;a
m%;s,dNhka ,eîug wod< iqÿiqlï ,eîfï ks¾Kdhlhka j.= wxl 07 ys olajd we;'
tfy;a kdh hEï fya;=fjka wdmodjkag ,la jQ fyda kdh hEï wê wjodkï l,dmhka ;=< mÈxÑ
ùu fya;=fjka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug ks¾foaY lr we;s mjq,a i|yd ksjdi wdOdr ,nd§u fyda uQ,H
wdOdr ,nd§ula fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a isÿ fkdlrk nj wjOdrKh l< hq;=h' tfia kdh hEï
fya;=fjka úm;g m;ajQjka iy kdh hEï wê wjodkï l,dmhkays mÈxÑ jQjka kej; mÈxÑ
lsÍu i|yd ksjdi wdOdr ,nd §fï jevigykla wdmod l<ukdlrK wud;HdxYh úiska fï
jk úg;a l%shd;aul lrñka mj;S' tu kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd kej; mosxÑ
jkakkag wys;lr n,mEula isÿ fkdjk njg yd tu mjq,aj, cSjk uÜgu h:d ;;a;ajhg
m;alsÍu iy kej; mÈxÑ lrkq ,nk mßirhg Tjqka wkq.; jk njg ;yjqre lr .ekSfï
wruqKska wdmod l<ukdlrK wud;HdxYh úiska wkqu; lrk ,o kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s
rduqj u; mokïj ksjdi wdOdr ,nd§fï jevigyk l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï
l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqj weuqKqu 01ys olajd we;' fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj hgf;a kej;
ksjdihla bÈ lrkafka kï remsh,a 1"200"000'00 lao ;udf.a bvula fjkqfjka fyda bvula ñ,§
.ekSu fjkqfjka remsh,a 400"000'00 l uqo,la o msßkukq ,nhs' fuu jevigyk ;=< ysñlre
úiskau fjk;a ia:dkhl mÈxÑ ùu" ksjdi bÈ lsÍfï fmdÿ jevigyka fyda wdrCIl wxY úiska
ksjdi bÈ lr §u jeks lsÍu jeks úl,am wjia:djka lsysmhla y÷kajd § we;' Bg wu;rj
iqrCIs; ia:dkhl msysá ksjila iys; bvula ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd remsh,a 1"600"000la olajd
uqo,lao msßkukq ,nhs' fuu jevigyk hgf;a 2016 j¾Ifha § lE.,a, Èia;%slalh ;=< ksjdi
1980la bÈ lr we;' kdh hEï wê wjodkï fya;=fjka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu 14"860la y÷kdf.k
we;' ta ms<sn| úia;r my; oelafõ'
8 | P a g e
j.=j 01( Èia;%slal wkqj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug ;SrKh lr we;s ksjdi
Èia;%slalh kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd
y÷kdf.k we;s ksjdi tall
Èia;%slalh kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd
y÷kdf.k we;s ksjdi tall
l¿;r 929 lE.,a, 824
nÿ,a, 6418 r;akmqr 757
kqjr t<sh 3496 ud;r 591
uykqjr 1296 yïnkaf;dg 343
ud;f,a 210 tl;=j 14"860
fï jk úg l¿;r" r;akmqr" .d,a,' ud;r iy yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalhka ;=< ksjdi bÈ lsÍfï
jevigyk l%shd;aul lrñka mj;S'
j.=j 02( Èia;%slal wkqj bÈ lr we;s ksjdi tall
Èia;%slalh bÈ lr we;s ksjdi
tall Èia;%slalh
bÈ lr we;s ksjdi
tall
l¿;r 1325 ud;r 525
r;akmqr 1618 yïnkaf;dg 81
.d,a, 338 tl;=j 3887
kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jevigyk hgf;a kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd y÷kd.;a ksjdi i|yd kdh
hEï wjulrK jHdmD;sh u.ska jkaÈ f.ùï isÿ lrkq fkd,efí'
9 | P a g e
2' miqìu
Y%S ,xld rch úiska kdh hEï wju lsÍu i|yd wod< ie,iqï yd bÈ lsÍï wëCIKh$
l<ukdlrKh iy fmdÿ lghq;= i|yd wefußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 97lao we;=<;aj jir ;=kl
^2018 ckjdß 01 - 2018 foieïn¾ 31& ld,hla ;=< l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk wdfhdackhla ie,iqï
lr we;' fuu wdfhdack ld¾hh i|yd uQ,H iyfhda.S;dj wdishdkq há;, myiqlï wdfhdack
nexl=j (AIIB) fj;ska ,nd .ekSug wfmaCIs;h' fuu wdfhdack ld¾hh yryd kdh hEï
wjulrK mshjrhka l%shd;aul lr kdh hEï wjodkï l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a lr
.ekSu;a tu.ska oekg kdh hEï wê wjodkï ;;a;ajhka hgf;a cSj;a jk ck;dj iy mj;sk
f.dvke.s,s i|yd ms<shï fh§u;a wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' ta wkqj Èia;%slal 10l m%dfoaYSh f,alï
fldÜGdi 60la ;=< kdh hEï wjodkï hgf;a cSj;ajk mqoa.,hska 12"000lg m%;s,dN ie,fikq
we;' tfia jqjo fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ úúO iudchSh n,mEï isÿ úh yelsh' AIIB
ys mdßißl yd iudchSh m%;sm;a;s rduqjg (ESF) iy mdßißl yd iudchSh m%ñ;Skag (ESS)
wkql+,j jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï iEu wÈhrhlgu wod<j iudchSh n,mEu iy wjodku
we.hSu" l<ukdlrKh iy kshdukh lsÍfï j.lSu" jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï
ksfhdacs;dh;k úiska orkq ,nhs' iudc l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;s rduqfjys wruqK jkafka kdh
hEï wju lsÍfï mshjrhka jvd;a iqugj l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH myiqlï iemhSu;a
ie,iqïlrKh" msßie,iqïlrKh iy l%shd;aul lsÍu hk wjia:djkays§ m%cd iyNd.s;ajh iy
n,mEug ,lajk ck;djf.a iyfhda.S;dj ,nd .ekSu ;=<ska jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ isÿ
úh yels iudchSh n,mEu wju lsÍu;a fõ'
j.=j 04( fhdacs; kdh hEï wju lsÍfï jHdmD;sfha iDcq m%;s,dN
uQ,dY%h( y÷kd.;a ia:dkj,ska ^jevìïj,ska& ,nd .; m%d:ñl o;a;
o¾Ylh m%;s,dNSka
iqrCIs; jk mjq,a mjq,a 3000
iqrCIs; jk ksjdi tall ksjdi tall 2700
iqrCIs; jk fmdÿ myiqlï
frday,a 02
mdi,a 05
wd.ñl ia:dk 2
kdh hEï wjodkfuka ksoyia jk bvï j¾. óg¾ 4"499"100
iqrCIs; jk uyd ud¾. cd,fha È. ls' ó' 15
iqrCIs; jk ÿïßh ud¾. cd,fha È. ls'ó' 150
10 | P a g e
3' jHdmD;s úia;rh
Y%S ,xldj ;=< kdh hEï" nEjqï wia:djr ùï iy .,a fmr,Sï jeks iajdNdúl wdmod ;;a;ajhka
ksrka;rfhka olakg ,efnk iajNdúl ixisoaêhla nj njg m;aj we;' tu wdmod ;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka
ñksia cSú;j,g isÿjk n,mEu yd isÿjk wd¾Ól ydksh fya;=fjka fï ms<sn| oeä wjOdkhla fhduqj
we;' w;S;fha§ iqrCIs; ia:dk jYfhka y÷kd.;a l÷ nEjqïj,o udkj l%shdldrlï j¾Okh ùu
fya;=fjka j¾;udkfha§ kdh hEï isÿ ùï jd¾;d ùu jeä ù we;' mj;sk jd¾;djkag wkqj iajNdúl
wdmodjka fya;=fjka ñksia cSú; 1000la muK wysñ ù we;s w;r mqoa.,hska 300"000lg wêl msßilg
ish ksjdi wysñ ù we;' Bg wu;rj wdmod ;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka wêfõ.S ud¾." ÿïßh ud¾." frday,a"
mdi,a iy fjk;a rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl f.dvke.s,s we;=¿ há;, myiqlï úYd, m%udKhla ydkshg
m;aúh' 2017 j¾Ifha uehs ui ;=< isÿ jQ iajNdúl wdmodjka fya;=fjka jd¾;d jQ mqoa., urK 219
w;ßka mqoa., urK 176la i|yd fya;= ù we;af;a m%Odk kdh hEï isÿùï 35ls' fuu ;;a;ajh u; cd;sl
f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh úiska Y%S ,xldfõ m<d;a 6lg wh;a Èia;%slal 11l wê wjodkï
l,dmhkays msysá wia:djr l÷ nEjqï i|yd ms<shï fh§ug wdishdkq há;, myiqlï wdfhdack
nexl=fjka uQ,H m%;smdok i|yd b,a,Sula isÿ lr we;' fuu jHdmD;sh yryd ÿïßh ud¾." wêfõ.S
ud¾." uyd ud¾." c,iïmdok yd úÿ,s n, moaO;s iy ikaksfõok moaO;s we;=¿ m%Odk há;, myiqlï
iqrCIs; lsÍug wod< mshjrhka l%shd;aul lsÍug kshñ;h' t;=<ska kdh hEï wjodkï iys; m%cdjka
tu wdmodjka fya;=fjka isÿ úh yels ydksj,ska iqrCIs; lr .ekSug yelshdj ,efí' m%Odk jYfhka
kdh hEï wjulrK mshjrhka fldgia ;=klg j¾. l< yelsh'
m<uq j¾.h( kdh hEï isÿjk m%foaYhkaf.a c,dmjyk l<ukdlrKh lsÍu i|yd ldKq moaO;s jeä
ÈhqKq lsÍu
fojk j¾.h( nEjqfï ia:dhS;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd nEjqï kùlrK lghq;=
f;jk j¾.h( È.= ld,Sk nEjqï ia:dhslrKy i|yd kdh hEï md,k mshjrhka
3'1 jHdmD;sfha b,lal iy wruqK
kdh hEï wjulrK mshjrhka l%shd;aul lr kdh hEï wjodkï l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh
Yla;su;a lr .ekSug;a tu.ska oekg kdh hEï wê wjodkï ;;a;ajhka hgf;a cSj;a jk
ck;dj iy mj;sk f.dvke.s,s i|yd ms<shï fh§ug;a fuu jHdmD;sh b,lal .; flf¾' ta
hgf;a µ& f;dard .;a kdh hEï iy wia:dhS nEjqï i|yd ms<shï fh§u µµ& kdh hEï wju lsÍfï
l%shdud¾. i|yd cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkfha YlH;dj j¾Okh lsÍu µµµ& kdh
hEï wjodkï l,dmhkag fhda.H bvï Ndú; mßphka yd bÈlsÍï$ ixj¾Ok lghq;= ms<sn|
ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd§u iy fr.=,dislrKh µ¶& kdh hEï wjulrK l%shdj,sh ms<sn|
uyck;djf.a oekqj;a Ndjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
3'2 n,mEug ,la jQ m%foaY iy ck;dj ms<sn| idrdxYh
l÷lrfha kd.ßl m%foaYhkaj, mj;sk by< udkj ckdjdi yd há;, myiqlï jHdma;sh
fya;=fjka kdh hEïj,ska isÿjk wys;lr wd¾Ól n,mEu b;d by< uÜgul mj;S' lDIsld¾ñl
lghq;=j, jHdma;sh iy ksjerÈ ie,iqïlrKhlska f;dr ixj¾Ok lghq;= yd ckdjdi
11 | P a g e
jHdma;sh fya;=fjka kdh hEï wjodku j¾Okh ùula olakg ,efí' 2016 j¾Ifha§ isÿ jQ kdh
hEï fya;=fjka mjq,a 4000lg n,mEï t,a, l< w;r mqoa., urK 50la jd¾;d úh' iïmQ¾K
ydkshg ,la jQ ksjdi ixLHdj 110ls' lDIsld¾ñl" jdKsc yd l¾udka; lghq;= u; ish
cSjfkdamdh ud¾. mokï lr.;a mqoa.,hska oY ,CIhlg jvd jeä msßilf.a wdodhï ud¾.
wysñ úh' 2017 j¾Ifha§ m%Odk kdh hEï isÿ ùï 35la jd¾;d jQ w;r tu j¾Ifha iajdNdúl
wdmod fya;=fjka isÿ jQ mqoa., urK 219 w;ßka 176lg tu kdh hEï 35 fya;= úh' fuu
wdmodjkag ,la jQ mqoa.,hska ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfï oßø;d uÜgula iys; mqoa.,hka jk w;r
Tjqkaf.a idudkH oßø;d wkqmd;h 11'1]ls' 2017 j¾Ifha isÿ jQ kdh hEï fya;=fjka cd;sl
f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh úiska kdh hEï wjodkï is;shï u; mokïj kej; mÈxÑ
lsÍu i|yd y÷kd .;a ksjdi 2131la ydkshg m;a úh' wê wjodkï l,dmhkays msysá y÷kd.;a
ksjdi tall 15"000lg jvd jeä m%udKhla kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu fhdackd ù we;' jir 2000 isg
2010 olajd ld, iSudj ;=< kdh hEfï isÿ ùïj, n,mEug ,lajQ" cSú; wysñ jQ iy ydks jQ
ksjdi ms<sn| o;a; my; olajd we;'
j.=j wxl 04( 2000 iy 2010 w;r kdh hEï isÿ ùïj, n,mEu
jir n,mEï isÿ jQ mqoa.,hska
.Kk
mqoa., urK ydkshg m;ajQ iy úkdYhg
m;a jQ ksjdi .Kk
2000-2005 30"140 245 4450
2006-2010 59"778 106 5018
ck f,aLk iy ixLHd f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska kd.ßl" .%dóh yd j;= jYfhka Y%S
,xldfõ ckdjdi fldgia ;=klg j¾. lr we;' tu j¾.SlrKh isÿ lsÍfï§ Tjqkaf.a iudc"
wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,ksl .;s ,CIK u; mokï isÿ lr we;s neúka tu l=gqïNhkays .=Kdx."
bvï Ndú;h iy ckdjdihkaf.a ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd fuu j¾.SlrKh b;d
jeo.;a fõ' uyk.r iNd fyda k.r iNd n, m%foaYhkag wh;a m%foaY kd.ßl m%foaY f,i;a
Y%ñlhska 10lg fkd wvq iy wlalr 20lg jvd jeä bvï m%udKhla iys; j;= j.d m%foaY j;=
wxYh hg;g;a f,i;a .efka' j;= fyda kd.ßl wxYhg wh;a fkdjk wfkl=;a fkajdisl m%foaY
.%dóh wxYhg wh;a fõ' .Dy tallhl ;ru ms<sn| ks¾jpkh hg;g ;djld,sl mÈxÑlrejka"
fiajlhka we;=¿ idudkHfhka ksjila ;=< cSj;a jk mqoa.,hska ixLHdj we;=<;a fõ' ck
f,aLk yd ixLHd f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=jg wkqj 2016 j¾Ifha§ .Dy tallhl isák mqoa.,hska
ixLHdfõ uOHkH w.h mqoa.,hska 3'8 ls'
12 | P a g e
4' iudc l<ukdlrK yd kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqfõ wruqKq
fuu f,aLkh ;=< jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ iudc wdrCIK mshjrhka ie,iqï lsÍug yd
l%shd;aul lsÍug" ksfhdacs;dh;k ^cd'f.d'm'i& fj; wjYH u. fmkaùï isÿ lsÍfï wruqKska
iudc l<ukdlrK yd kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqjla ilia lrkq ,nhs'
fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj ;=< idudkH iudc l<ukdlrK ie,eiaula (SMP) iy iudc
l<ukdlrK mshjrhka l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ud¾f.damfoaYhka wka;¾.; fõ' tla tla jevìï
i|yd iudc n,mEï we.hSu (SIA) iy mdßißl yd iudchSh l<ukdlrK ie,iqu (ESMP)
l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH u. fmkaùu" fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj ld¾h Ndrhhs' AIIB m%;sm;a;s
wjYH;djka iy Y%S ,xld rcfha kS;s yd fr.=,dis w;r tl`.;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd jHdmD;sh
l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ fuu mdßißl yd iudchSh l<ukdlrK ie,eiau Ndú; lrkq we;'
jHdmD;sfha iEu wÈhrhl§u mdßißl yd iudchSh n,mEu y÷kd .ekSu" we.hSu yd
l<ukdlrKh i|yd cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkhg wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd§ug
fuu ie,eiau WmldÍ jkq we;' jHdmD;shg wod< l%shdldrlï ;=<ska wys;lr iudchSh
n,mEula isÿ fkdjk nj ;yjqre lr .eksu i|yd o fï ;=< úê úOdk wka;¾ .; lr we;'
Bg wu;rj" jHdmD;shg wod< tfy;a wkfmaCIs; iudc wdrCIK .eg¨ l<ukdlrKh lsÍu
i|yd wjYH id¾j uÜgfï ud¾f.damfoaYkhka o fï ;=< imhd we;' ;jo" fuu iudc
l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqj úiska w;HjYH bvï
mßyrK ie,iqïlrK iy bvï l<ukdlrK ksfhdacs;dh;k w;r wka;¾ iïnkaO;djla
f.dvke.Suo isÿ lrkq we;'
13 | P a g e
fhdacs; iudc l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a; s rduqj
kdhhdï wju lsÍfï mshjrhkaf.a m%;sM,hla f,i jHdmD;shg iïnkaê; mqoa.,hkag ú|Sug
isÿúh yels mdßißl" iudc wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl yd fN!;sl jYfhka mSvdjka wjfndaO lr
.ekSu i|yd wkq jHdmD;sj, mßir yd iudc n,mEï ;lafiare lsÍï (ESIA) isÿ lrkq ,efí'
jHmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha iudc wdrCIK úfYaI{hska úiska mdßißl iudc wdrCIK
n,mEï ;lafiarelrKh isÿ lrkq ,nhs' fuu ;lafiarelrK l%shdj,sh" jHdmD;sfha uQ,sl
ieliqï yd jev lghq;=j,g fmr isÿ l< hq;= w;r w;HjYH iudc l<ukdlrK iy wjodkï
wju lsÍfï mshjrhka bÈlsÍï lghq;= wdrïN lsÍug fmr l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'
kshdukh iy we.hSu
iudc wdrCIK mshjrhka l%shd;aul lsÍu
iudc n,mEï wju lsÍfï mshjrhka ieliSu
isÿ úh yels iudc n,mEï y÷kd .ekSu
tla tla wkq jHdmD;s i|yd mdßißl iy iudc n,mEu we.hSu
fcHaIaG iudc wdrCIK úfYaI{ mdßißl yd iudc l<ukdlrK
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh
14 | P a g e
5' jHdmD;sh ;=<ska isÿúh yels wys;lr iudc n,mEï
mq¿,aj y÷kd f.k we;s wdldrhg wjodkï wju lsÍfï mshjrhka m%Odk ldKav ;=kls' m<uq
ldKavh( kdh hEï isÿjk m%foaYhkaf.a c,dmjyk l<ukdlrKh lsÍu i|yd ldKq moaO;s
jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu' fojk ldKavh( nEjqfï ia:dhS;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd nEjqï kùlrK
lghq;=' f;jk ldKavh( È.= ld,Sk nEjqï ia:dhslrKh i|yd kdh hEï md,k mshjrhka' fuu
jHmD;shg wod< y÷kd.;a kdh hEï iys; ia:dkhkays wjodku wju lsÍfï l%shdldrlï
fya;=fjka ;djld,slj fjk;a ia:dkhkays mÈxÑ lsÍï iy f.dvke.s,s" bvï" jHqyhka" wdodhï
ud¾." M,odhS há;, myiqlï" j.d lghq;=j,g ydks ùï jeks m%Odk iudchSh n,mEï isÿ úh
yelsh'
j.=j wxl 05( isÿ úh yels n,mEï yd ydks
j¾.h ydks isÿúh yels wdldrh
;ks mqoa.,hskag fyda l=gqïNhkag • l=gqïNhkag wh;a foafmd<
bvï
• lDIs ld¾ñl fyda f.j;= bvï
• ksjdi tall
• jHdmdßl tall
• ysia bvï
jHqyhka
• ksjdi fyda jHdmdßl f.dvke.s,s mQ¾K ydks ùï
• ksjdi fyda jHdmdßl f.dvke.s,s w¾O ydks ùï
• l=,S ksjdi fyda fjk;a lghq;= i|yd fhojQ ksjdij,ska bj;a ùug isÿ ùu
• l=,S ksjdi fyda fjk;a lghq;= i|yd fhojQ jHdmdßl f.dvke.s,sj,ska bj;a ùug isÿ ùu
wdodhï iy cSjfkdamdh
• lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=j,ska ,efnk wdodhï ^jd¾Isl fyda nyqjd¾Isl fNda. iy$fyda mY= iïm;a&
• ksjdi l=,S wdodhï
• fjk;a jHqyhka l=,shg §fï wdodhï
• fõ;k jYfhka ,efnk wdodhï
• ,eìh yels wodhï$ /lshd wjia:d
m%fõYh ùfï ud¾. wysñ ùï
• frday,a" mdi,a iy wd.ñl ia:dk fj; m%fõY ùfï ud¾.hka
• cx.u fjf<kaokag m%fõY ùug we;s ud¾.hka
• úÿ,sh yd c,h i|yd we;s m%fõYhka
ikaksfõok yd
ixialD;sl jevìï
• mdi,a' m%cd uOHia:dk" wd.ñl ixfla;
• wd.ï weoySfï ia:dk - m,a,s" mkai,a" uqia,sï m,a,s
• iqidk N+ñ
• wi,ajdiSkaf.ka ÿria: ùu
• iudc$ ckjd¾.sl lKavdhïj,ska ÿria: ùï
• iduQysl cSjk ;;a;ajhka
15 | P a g e
6' iudc n,mEï wjulsÍu i|yd uQ,O¾u yd ud¾f.damfoaY
iudc l<ukdlrK iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqj ;=<ska jHdmD;sh
l%shd;aul lsÍfï ksfhdacs;dh;khkag jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lsÍfï§" l%shd;aul lsÍfï§
iy l<ukdlrK lsÍfï§ iudc wdrCIK lghq;= ms<sn| m%udKj;aj ueÈy;a ùug wjYH
yelshdj ,nd§u isÿ flf¾' tla tla wkq jHdmD;sj, i|yd mdßißl iy iudc l<ukdlrK
we.hSula iy mdßißl iy iudc l<ukdlrK ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu;a iu. iudc n,mEï
wju lsÍfï ud¾f.damfoaYhka l%shd;aul lsÍu wdrïN jkq we;' iudÔh n,mEï wju lsÍu
i|yd jk iuia; úhou wkq jHmD;sj, uq¿ msßjehg we;=<;a fõ' SMRPF ys fhdað; iudchSh
n,mEï wju lsÍfï mshjrhka ilia lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd jk mokï lr hq;= uQ,O¾u
my; olajd we;'
j.=j wxl 6( iudÔh n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd fhdað; uQ,O¾u iy ud¾f.damfoaY
uQ, O¾u ud¾f.damfoaY
uQ, O¾uh 01(
jHdmD;shg wod< fya;=jla u; ;djld,slj
fyda iaÓrj iy mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O
jYfhka mqoa.,hska fjk;a wj;ekaùula isÿ
fkdúh hq;=h
• kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï$ kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï
wjYH;d we.hSu
• M,odhS bvï" wd¾Ól j;alï iy
ixialD;sl jákdlïj,g isÿúh yels
n,mEï wju lsÍug fyda u.yeÍug
kdhhdï wju lsÍfï bxðfkare ie,iqï
Ndú;h
uQ, O¾uh 02(
yÈis bj;a lsÍï yd fmr iQodkï ùfï ie,iqï
• ia:dkSh úfYaIs; wjodkï we.hSu iy
wjodkï ixrpl y÷kd .ekSï isÿ lsÍu
• wdmod l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkfha
iyfhda.h u; yÈis bj;a lsÍfï ie,iqï
iy wdmod fmr iQodkï ùfï ie,iqï ilia
lsÍu'
• yÈis bj;a lsÍfï yd wdmod fmr iQodkï
ùu ms<sn| m%cd oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka
l%shd;aul lsßu
uQ, O¾uh 03(
ydks iy mdvq l<ukdlrKh iy wëCIKh
• my; f;dr;=re we;=<;aj jHmD;sh
fya;=fjka n,mEug ,la jQ ish¨u mjq,a
ms<sn| wjldYSh o;a; ixÑ;hla ks¾udKh
l< hq;=h'
• bvï N=la;sh¦ kej; ,nd Èh fkdyels jk
bvï" f.dvke.s,s iy fjk;a jHqyhka
16 | P a g e
i|yd kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jákdlu iy yd
kdh hEï wjulrK mshjrhkaf.ka
jákdlï wkqj jkaÈ f.ùï ;SrKh lsÍu'
• mjq,aj, j¾;udk wdodhu iy Ôjfkdamdh
ud¾.'
• fuu ish¨ o;a; jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lsÍfï"
l%shd;aul lsÍfï iy ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï
iy we.hSfï lghq;=j,g mhiq jk mßÈ
o;a; ixÑ;hla ;=<g we;=<;a lrkq we;'
uQ, O¾uh 04(
m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍu iy m%cd iyNd.s;ajh
• jHdmD;sfha YlH;d wÈhrfha§ f;dr;=re
m%isoaO lsÍu yd fnod yeÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
• kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï l%shdldÍ ie,eiau
ilia lsÍug fmr iudc n,mEï we.hSfï
m%;sM, fnod yeÍu'
• jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug fmr ysñlï"
jkaÈ" f.ùï lsÍfï l%ufõoh iy ÿla
.ekú,s iïnkaO l%ufõoh ms<sn|
f;dr;=re m%isoaO lsÍu yd fnod yeÍu'
• my; i|yka oE flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla
fokq ,efí(
▪ jHmD;sfha iajNdjh yd l%shd;aul
lsÍfï l%ufõoh ms<sn| uyck;dj
oekqj;a lsÍu'
▪ ;u ksjdi iy Ôjfkdamdh l%uhka
h<s ia:dms; lsÍu ms<sn|j iy
jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lsÍfï yd
l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;=<
Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu
ms<sn|j m%cd oekqj;a lsÍu
▪ jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug fmr
kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï yd bvï w;am;a
lr .ekSfï ld, rduqj ms<sn|
m%udKj;a bÈß ld, iSudjla iys;j
n,mEug ,la jQ ck;dj oekqj;a
lsÍu'
17 | P a g e
▪ jHdmD;shg wod< jevìï" cd' f.d' m'
i' Èia;%sla ld¾hd, iy m<d;a md,k
wdh;k ;=< f;dr;=re m%o¾Ykh
lsÍu'
▪ kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï l%shdj,sh i|yd
,shdmÈxÑ isú,a ixúOdkj,ska iyh
,nd .ekSu'
uQ, O¾uh 05(
iudc ueÈy;a ùu ;yjqre lsÍu'
• ldka;djkaf.a iyNd.S;ajh Èß.ekaùu'
• jfhdajDoaO yd wdndê; mqoa.,hska we;s
fyda jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka
we;sjk fjkialïj,g f.dÿreúh yels
fyda m%;s,dN ,eîfuka fyda m%;s,dN ,nd
.ekSug fkdyels úh yels ldka;djka
.Dy uQ,sl mjq,a u; úfYaI wjOdkhla
fhduq lrñka f.dÿre úh yels mjq,a yd
lKavdhï y÷kd .ekSu'
uQ, O¾uh 06(
jHdmD;sh wjidk jk úg mSvdjg m;a jQ
mjq,aj,g Tjqkaf.a fmr mej;s uÜgug jvd
iudk fyda jeä cSjk ;;a;ajhka ,efnk
mßÈ n,mEug ,lajk mjq,a h:d ;;a;ajhg
m;a lsÍu'
• bvï iy j;alïj,g isÿjk w,dNh yd
ydksh m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug yels jk mßÈ
,o jkaÈ f.ùu'
• úkdY jQ fyda ydkshg m;a ksjdi$
fj<|ie,a fyda fjk;a jHqyhka
m%;sIaGdmk msßjeh hgf;a kej;
f.dvkeÕSu i|yd uqo,a iy$ fyda úl,am
bvï iy$ fyda f.dvke.s,s ia:dms;
lsÍug iyh ùu'
• Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. m%;sia:dmkh yd m%cd
ixj¾Okh i|yd iyh ùu'
uQ, O¾uh 07(
AIIB iudc wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s iy ffk;sl
iy m%;sm;a;suh úêúOdkj,g wkql+,j
iudchSh n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd jQ mshjr
.eksu
kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï lsÍu yd
l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sfha m%;sm;a;sj,g"
wod< cd;sl jHjia:duh m%;sm;a;sj,g iy
my; oelafjk AIIB iudc wdrlaIK
m%;sm;a;sj,g" wkql+, úh hq;=h'
• iudc l<ukdlrKh¦
• uyck iyNd.S;ajh iy f;dr;=re m%isoaO
lsÍu
18 | P a g e
• bvï N=la;sh" Ndú;h" w;am;a lr .ekSu
iy jkaÈ ,nd §u" iy
• m<d;a md,k" ixj¾Ok iy fiajd
iemhSï'
uQ, O¾uh 08(
kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jevìïj, ia:djr
iajhx md,k hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lsÍu
• n,mEug ,lajk lKavdhïj, iudc
iïnkaO;d cd,hka i|yd wys;lr
n,mEï isÿ fkdjk nj ;yjqre lr
.ekSu i|yd kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï
l%shdj,sh i|yd iyNd.s;aj m%fõYhla
wkq.ukh lrkq ,nhs' ta i|yd
,shdmÈxÑ isú,a ixúOdk yd m%cd mdol
ixúOdk Wmfoia ,nd fokq we;
• kej; mÈxÑ l< .Dy tallj,
l<ukdlrK lñgq i|yd YlH;d
j¾Okh lsÍug myiqlï iemhSu'
• <uqka i|yd Èjd iq/l=ï uOHia:dk" m%cd
Yd,d" t<suyka wjldY" c,dmjyk moaO;s
yd ikSmdrCIl myiqlï we;=¿ uQ,sl
myiqlï iy fiajdjka iemhSu'
19 | P a g e
07' kdh hEï wjulrK jevigyfkka n,mEï isÿ jk mqoa.,hskag jkaÈ f.ùu
fuu jHdmD;shg wod< lghq;= fya;=fjka mqoa.,hska kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug isÿ ùu wjulsÍug
b;d by< wjOdkhla fhduq lrk kuq;a we;eï wjia:dj,§ ;djld,sl wjYH;djka i|yd
mqoa.,hska fjk;a ia:dkhka fj; mÈxÑ lsÍï isÿ úh yelsh' tneúka jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul
lsÍfï uQ,sl wÈhrfha§ jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka ;djld,slj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug isÿjk
mjq,a iy jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï i|yd bvï ,nd .ekSug isÿ jk bvï ysñhka iu. wjfndaO;d
.súiqula w;aika l< hq;=fõ' tu .súiqfï wdlD;shla weuqKqu 2 ys oelafõ' ;jo" jHdmD;s
l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka hï mqoa.,fhl= i;= f.dvke.s,s" bvï" fjk;a jHqyhka" wdodhï ud¾."
M,odhS há;, myiqlï iy lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= wysñ ùul§ fyda tajdg ydks isÿ ùul§" bvï
w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk;g wkql+,j j¾;udk fjf<|fmd< jákdlu wkqj jkaÈ f.ùï isÿ
lrkq ,efí' m%Odk ;lafiarelre úiska fyda Tyq úiska kï lrkq ,nk rdcH ;lafiarelrK
fomd¾;fïka;= ks,Odßfhl= úiska fuu jkaÈ uqo,a ;lafiare lsÍu l< hq;=h' fuu jkaÈ f.ùï
;SrKh lsÍu i|yd jkaÈ f.ùfï lñgqjla ia:dms; lrkq ,nhs' tu lñgqfõ idudcslhska my;
oelafõ'
• w;sf¾l Èia;%sla f,alï ^bvï& - iNdm;s
• m%dfoaYSh f,alï fyda iyldr m%dfoaYSh f,alï
• uekqïm;s fyda Tyqf.a$wehf.a ksfhdac;hl=
• m%Odk ;lafiarelre fyda Tyqf.a ksfhdacs;hl=
• jHdmD;s wOHCI
• jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK lñgqfõ fcHIaG iudc wdrCIK úfYaI{fhl =
•
j.=j 07' jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk m%foaYj, mÈxÑ mjq,aj,g ysñjk m%;s,dN iy tu
m%;s,dN ysñùug iqÿiqlï ,eîfï ks¾Kdhl my; j.=fõ olajd we;'
wkq
wxlh
ydks j¾.h n,mEug ,lajk
mqoa.,hska
ysñlï úia;rh
1' jHqyhka fkdue;s mqoa.,sl bvï ^jHdmD;sh i|yd w;am;a lr .; yels&
1'1 jHdmD;shg
wod<
l%shdldrlï
fya;=fjka wysñ
jk bvï
bvï ysñlrejka$
n,mEug ,lajQjka
;u whs;sh
ffk;slj ;yjqre
l< hq;=h
m%;sia:dmkh
i|yd jkaÈ
f.ùu
1'1'1' n,mEug ,la jQ bvï
i|yd mj;sk fjf<|fmd<
jákdlu wkqj jkaÈ ,nd
§u'
1'1'2'ia:djr fnda. i|yd
udi ;=kl fmr oekqï §ula
fyda j.d ydkshg jkaÈ ,nd
§u'
20 | P a g e
1'1'3'n,mEug ,la jQ YdL
i|yd j¾;udk
fjf<|fmd< jákdlu u;
jkaÈ ,nd §u'
1'1'4' wd¾Ól jákdlula
fkdue;s fYaI jQ bvï i|yd
jkaÈ ,nd §u'
1'2 nÿ l=,S moku
u; ,nd §u
fyda fjk;a
,dNodhS
lghq;a;l
fh§ug
fkdyels ùu
,shdmÈxÑ l=,S
ksjeishka" nÿ
ysñhka iy ysñlï
fkdue;s Ndú;d
lrkakka
ia:djr fnda.
fyda wdodhï
ud¾. wysñ ùï
i|yd jkaÈ
,nd §u
1'2'1' bvï i|yd jkaÈ ,nd
fkdfoa'
1'2'2' nÿ l=,S u; j.d lr
we;akï ia:djr fnda.
wdrCId lr .ekSu i|yd
;=ka udihlg fmr oekqï
§u fyda fjf<| fmd<
jákdlu wkqj ydksh i|yd
uqo,a f.ùu
1'2'3' n,mEug ,la jQjkag
udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
uqo,a f.ùula isÿ lsÍu'
2' jdKsc bvï iy jHqyhka
2'1 iaÓr yd mQ¾K
jYfhka jdksc
foam, wysñ ùu
,shdmÈxÑ
jHdmdrhl
ysñlre$
mj;ajdf.k
hkakd ish ysñlu
fyda n,m;%h
/lshdj wysñ jk
fiajlhska
fjf<|fmd<
jákdlu wkqj
jkaÈ f.ùu
3'1'1' j¾;udk
fjf<|fmd< jákdlu
wkqj bvï i\yd jkaÈ ,nd
§u'
3'1'3 2008 bvï w;alr
.ekSfï fr.=,dis wkqj
m%jdyk §ukdjla ,nd §u'
3'1'4' fjk;a ia:dkhlg
ú;eka ùug isÿ ùul§" 2008
bvï w;alr .ekSfï
fr.=,dis j,g wkqj udi
yhl ld,hlg úl,am l=,S
kjd;ekla i|yd uq,H
§ukdj
3'1'5 mQ¾j jir 3l ld,hl
Y=oaO jd¾Isl ,dnh u;
mokïj udi yhl ld,hla
21 | P a g e
i|yd Y=oaO ,dnhg iudk
§ukdjla fyda 2008 bvï
w;am;a lr .ekSfï fr.=,dis
wkqj §ukdjla ,nd§u hk
wjia:d folska jeä w.h
§ukdjla jHdmdrh kej;
f.dvke.Su i|yd ,nd foA'
3'1'7 /lshdj wysñ jk
fiajlhskag udi yhl
ld,hla i|yd jegqma ,nd
§u'
3' cSjfkdamdh wysñ ùï
3'1 ;djld,slj isÿ
lrk kej;
mÈxÑ lsÍï
ksid
Ôjfkdamdh
ud¾. wysñ ùu
;djld,slj isÿ
lrk kej; mÈxÑ
lsÍu fya;=fjka
;u wdodhï wysñ
jk f.dÿre úh
yels iy
ldka;djka .Dy
uQ,sl jk mjq,a
we;=¿ ish¿u mjq,a
mqkre;a:dmk
iyfhda.S;dj
4'1'5 mQ¾j jir 3l ld,hl
Y=oaO jd¾Isl ,dnh u;
mokïj udi yhl ld,hla
i|yd Y=oaO ,dnhg iudk
§ukdjla fyda 2008 bvï
w;am;a lr .ekSfï fr.=,dis
wkqj §ukdjla ,nd§u hk
wjia:d folska jeä w.h
§ukdjla jHdmdrh kej;
f.dvke.Su i|yd ,nd foA'
4' ;djld,sl n,mEï
4'1 fmdÿ lghq;=
^m%fõY ud¾.
wysñ ùu"
foafmd< yd
bvï ydks"
wdrlaIdj
ms<sn| Wjÿre"
.ukd.uk
n,mEu& i|yd
isÿ jk
;djld,sl
wys;lr
n,mEï
l=gqïN$ jHdmdr
tall
wjulrK
mshjrhka
5'1'1 jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï
ms<sn| uyck;dj oekqj;a
lsÍu( l%shdldrlï fm<
.eiau" isÿúh yels
;djld,sl n,mEï" oekaùï"
wdrCIK Wmfoia yd ydks
wju lsÍfï l%u" Ndr
ks,Odßhdf.a iïnkaO lr
.ekSfï f;dr;=re'
5'1'2' .ukd.uk lghq;=
i|yd myiqlï iemhSug
w;HjYH r:jdyk
l<ukdlrKh
22 | P a g e
5'1'3' jHdmdr wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd
m%fõY ud¾. iemhSug
úfYaIs; mshjrhka
5'1'4' hï wjia:djl
r:jdyk .ukd.ukh ndOd
ùu fya;=fjka jHdmdr
lghq;= wvd, jkafka kï
n,mEug ,lajk md¾Yjh
yd ÿla.ekú,s i\yd iyk
ie,iSfï lñgqj w;r
tl`.;dj u; h:d
;;a;ajhg m;ajk f;la
uQ,Huh §ukdjla ,nd §u'
hï wjia:djl mÈlhskag
.ukd.uk ndOdjla we;s
ùul§ fldka;%d;a lre úiska
úl,am ud¾.hla iemhsh
hq;=h'
5'1'5' fldka;%d;alref.a
w;ajer§ula u; hka;%
Ndú;fha§ fyda ia:dms;
lsÍfï§ bÈlsÍï u; fyda
jHqyhka u; ydks ùul§
fldka;%d;alre úiska jkaÈ
f.úh hq;=h'
5'1'6 fhdacs; bÈlsÍï i|yd
fhdað; ud¾. yer wfkl=;a
;djld,sl jHdmD;s lgh;=
iYd Ndú; lsÍfï§ bvï
ysñlre iy fldka;%d;alre
w;r ,sÅ; wjirhla ,nd
.; hq;=h' l%shd;aul lsÍfï
ksfhdacs;dh;khkays
Wmfoia u; bÈlsÍï
jevìïj, ;djld,sl
23 | P a g e
jdiia:dk msysgqùu isÿ l<
hq;=h'
5'1'7' mdßißl
l<uKdlrK ie,eiafï
fldgila f,i wjYH
fi!LH yd wdrlaIK
mshjrhka l%shd;aul lsÍu'
Yíoh yd ¥ú,s md,kh"
yÈis wk;=re j<lajd
.ekSug wk;=re weÕùfï
mqjre yd wdrlaIs; ndOl"
m%:udOdr myiqlï iemhSu
5'1'8' ksrka;r ñksiqka iy
r:jdyk ixirKh
fya;=fjka isÿ úh yels
wys;lr n,mEï wju lsÍu
i|yd mshjr .ekSu
5'1'9' ldka;d yd msßñ
Y%ñlhska w;r jegqma
iudk;ajh yd <ud
Y%ñlhska fhdod fkd.ekSu
hk ffk;sl úêúOdk
wkq.ukh lsÍu
5'1'10' yÈis wjia:dj,§
l%shd;aul úh hq;= wdldrh
ms<sn| úêúOdk
uQ,dY%h( 1950 wxl 9 orK bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk;
24 | P a g e
8' ffk;sl rduqj
fhdacs; jHdmD;sfha ish,qu l%shdldrlï Y%S ,xld rcfha kS;s" fr.=,dis iy wfkl=;a
úêúOdkhkag wkql+,j isÿ l< hq;=h' jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh iy jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul
lsÍfï ksfhdacs;dhkhka úiska tu ffk;sl yd fr.=,dis rduqj u; jHdmD;s l%shdlrlï isÿ
jk nj ;yjqre l< hq;=h' fuu fÊofhys olajkq ,nkafka fhdacs; jHdmD;shg wod< jk cd;sl
m%;sm;a;s" fr.=,dis iy ie,iqï uQ,O¾uhkah'
w& 2005 wxl 13 orK Y%S ,xld wdmod l<ukdlrK mk;
2005 wxl 13 orK Y%S ,xld wdmod l<uKdlrK mk; u.ska rg ;=< we;s wdmod wjodkï
l<ukdlrK wdh;ksl jHqyh ilia lsÍu i|yd wjYH kS;suh moku imhk ,§' mk; u.ska
wdmod l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| cd;sl iNdj kï wdh;khla msysgq jQ w;r tu iNdfõ Wmfoia
u; mj;sk fyda kqÿf¾§ we;súh yels wdmod ;;a;ajhl§ zzcd;sl wdmod ;;a;ajhlaZZ m%ldYhg
m;a lsÍug ckdêm;sjrhdg n,h mjrd we;' tjeks ;;a;ajhl§ idudkH ;;a;ajh wkqj Ndú;
l< fkdyels iïm;a Ndú; lsÍug mßmd,k tallhkag n,h ysñ fõ' wdmod l<ukdlrK
mk; u.ska cd;sl iNdjg" µ& wdmod je<elaùu iy wju lsÍu iïnkaO jevigyka l%shd;aul
lsÍug" wdmod iyk fiajd" mqkre;a:dmk yd m%;sixialrK lghq;= ms<sn| úêúOdk µµ& wdmod
;;a;ajhg fd.ÿrejk" wjodkï wju lsÍu yd wdmodjkag wod< lghq;= lrk mqoa.,hska iy
wdh;k w;r iïnkaëlrKh" l%shdldß jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu" wdmod wjulrKhg wod<
jevigyka iy wOHhk fufyh ùu i|yd n,h mjrd we;' wdmod l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|
cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh Y%S ,xldfõ wdmod l<ukdlrKh i|yd mj;sk m%uqL;u m%;smdokhls'
fN!;sl ie,iqï iy m<d;a md,kh ms<sn| rdcH m%;sm;a;sj,g yd ud¾f.damfoaYhkag wkql+,j
bvï mßyrKh" iafõÉPdfjka kej; mÈxÑ ùu iy m%;sixialrK lghq;= j,§ wdmod wjodkï
wju lsÍug th l%shd;aul fõ'
2005 wxl 13 orK wdmod l<ukdlrK mk;g wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd úiska iNdm;s;ajh orkq
,nk wdmod l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| cd;sl iNdj" úiska wdmod ;;a;ajhka mj;sk ia:dk jHdmD;s
jevìï f,i m%ldYhg m;alrk w;r jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wod< wdh;k iu.
iïnkaëlrKh lsÍug iqÿiq ixúOdkhla m;a lsÍugo Wmfoia ,nd §u isÿ flf¾'
wd& 1950 bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk; iy 2008 bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï fr.=,dis
rdcH jHdmD;s iy ixj¾Ok lghq;= we;=¿ fmdÿ wruqKq fjkqfjka mqoa.,sl bvï w;am;a lr
.ekSu ms<sn| úêúOdk fuys we;=<;a fõ' fuu mk; i|yd isÿ lr we;s wjidk ixfYdaOkh
jkafka 1986 bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk;a ixfYdaOkh u.sks' 2008 bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï
fr.=,dis u.ska bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï rduqjla imhkq ,nhs' Bg wkqj fuu fr.=,disj,g
mgyeks wdldrhg lsisÿ mqoa.,fhl=g bvï w;am;a lr .; fkdyels fõ' ffk;sl rduqj u.ska
wkjYH wdldrhg bvï w;am;a lr.ekSï j<lajd we;' kdh hEï wjulrK jHdmD;sh u.ska
kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï yd bvï w;am;a lr.ekSï wju lsÍug wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs'
25 | P a g e
we& cd;sl iafõÉPd fkdjk kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh
fuu m%;sm;a;sfha uQ,sl wruqK jkafka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï fya;=fjka mqoa.,hska oßø;djg
m;aúu je<elaùu ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd iafõÉPdfjka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï jevigyka ie,iqï
lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍuhs' óg fmr l%shd;aul l< kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jevigyka mqoa.,hskaf.a
iudc wd¾Ól wjyH;djka ms<sn|j m%udKj;aj wjOdkh fhduq fkdlsÍu fya;=fjka
wid¾:l;ajhg m;aj we; (NIRP, 2001)' cd;sl iafõÉPdkq.; kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%;sm;a;shg
^2001& wkqj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd m%;sm;a;suh uQ,O¾u 13la
bÈßm;a lr we;'
1& fhda.H úl,am y÷kd .ekSu ;=<ska iafõÉPdfjka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï wjYH;dj je<elaùu
fyda wju yels ;rï wju l< hq;= h'
2& kej; mÈxÑh i|yd f;dard .;a mqoa.,hskag Tjqkaf.a Ôjk uÜgu h:d ;;a;ajhg f.k taug
iy jeäÈhqKq lsÍug m%udKj;a mßos iyh úh hq;=h'
3& jHdmD;sl%shdj,sh mqrdu ia;%S mqreI iudkd;au;dj iy idOdrK;ajh iy;sl l< hq;=h'
4& kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o mqoa.,hska tu l%shdj,sh wdrïNfha isgu iuia;
l%shdj,sh mqrjgu l%shdldÍj iyNd.S úh hq;=h' tys§ kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï ia:dk f;dard.ekSu"
Ôjfkdamdh ixj¾Okh iy jkaÈ f.ùfï úl,amhka ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd kej; mÈxÑ
jkakkaf.a wksjd¾hdhka iyNd.S lr .; hq;= h'
5& w;am;a lr.;a bvula i|yd jkaÈ f.ùfï úl,amh" fjk;a bvula fyda uq,Huh f.ùula
úh yelsh'
6& wysñ jk bvï" f.dvke.s,s" fyda fjk;a j;alï iy cSjfkdamdh ud¾. iïmQ¾Kfhkau
wdjrKh jk mßÈ jkaÈ f.úh hq;=h'
7& jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lsÍfï iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,shg m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k
wdh;khkays iyNd.s;ajh wksjd¾hh fõ'
8& kej; mÈxÑ jk wd.ka;=l iudch fj; wd¾Ól yd iudchSh jYfhka wkq.; ùug wjYH
iyfhda.h ,nd Èh hq;=h'
9& kej; mÈxÑ lrjk ck;dj i|yd wjYHh iudc yd fN!;sl há;, myiqlï iemhsh hq;=h'
10& kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jevigyka" kej; mÈxÑ lrjk ck;djf.a iudc wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh
iy;sl lsÍu i|yd isÿ lrk ixj¾Ok lghq;a;la f,i ie,lsh hq;=h'
11& hï mqoa.,hl=g kS;Hdkql+,j wh;aj fkd;snQ bvula bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï§ bvu
mßyrKh lrkakdg Tjqkaf.a Ôjk uÜgu h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍu i|yd idOdrK jkaÈhla
,nd Èh hq;=h'
26 | P a g e
12& kej; mÈxÑ lrk ck;dj w;r wjodkïj,g f.dÿreúh yels mqoa.,hska i|yd Tjqkaf.a
Ôjk ;;a;ajh k.disgqùug úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'
13& jkaÈ f.ùfï iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï uq¿ msßjeh wod< jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï ksfhdað;
wdh;k úiska oeßh hq;=h'
wE& 1978 wxl 41 orK kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldß mk;
1978 wxl 41 orK kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh mk; taldnoaO kd.ßl ixj¾Okh yd rg ;=<
wdfhdack m%j¾Okh i|yd Y%S ,xld md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; lrk ,o mk;ls' wud;Hjrhd
úiska kd.ßl ixj¾Ok m%foaY jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s ksYaÑ; m%foaYhkays wd¾Ól"
iudchSh yd fN!;sl há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sh iy Bg iïnkaê; lghq;= i|yd
taldnoaO ie,iqïlrK iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï hka;%Kh m%j¾Okh lsÍu fuu mkf;a úfYaIs;
wruqKhs' mk;g wkqj kï lrk ,o kd.ßl m%foaY i|yd úêu;a ixj¾Ok ie,iqï iïmdokh
lsÍfï j.lSu kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßhg mejf¾' mk; u.ska m%ldYhg m;alr we;s kd.ßl
m%foaY i|yd ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï § iajNdúl iïm;a wdrlaId lsÍu yd tu m%foaYhkays
mdßißl .=Kd;aulNdjh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd wjYH fr.=,dis ilia lsÍug lghq;= lrkq
we;' ;jo" kd.ßl bvï mßyrK m%;sm;a;s yd mdßißl m%ñ;Ska ixj¾Okh iy tu fhdackd
l%shd;aul lsÍu;a úêu;a lsÍu;a isÿ lrkq ,efí'
m%ldYs; kd.ßl ixj¾Ok m%foaYhla ;=< ´kEu ixj¾Ok lghq;a;la kshdukh lsÍfï wêldß
n,h 1982 wxl 04 orK kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldß ixfYdaOk mk; u.ska kd.ßl ixj¾Ok
wêldßh fj;g mjrd we;' tneúka 1978 wxl 41 orK ixj¾Ok wêldÍ mkf;a úêúOdk wkqj
tjeks ixj¾Ok lghq;= i|yd kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßfha wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;=h' wêldßfha
fufyhùu" wëlaIKh yd md,kh hgf;a ixj¾Ok lghq;= i|yd wkque;sh ,nd §fï ffk;sl
n,h wêldßh úiska wod< m<d;a md,k wdh;k fj; mjrd § we;' wêldßh úiska kï lrk
,o ish¨u m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, ie,iqï lñgq moaO;shla ia:dms; lr we;' tu lñgq u.ska
ish¨ kùlrK lghq;= iy oekg mj;sk jHqyhkag úl,am bÈlsÍï we;=¿ ish¨u bÈ lsÍï
i|yd wkque;sh ,nd§ug m%:uj tajd mq¿,a f,i mÍCId l< hq;=h' kd.ßl ixj¾Ok m%foaY
;=< kdhhEï wju lsÍfï jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS tu m%foaYhka i|yd fhdacs; kd.ßl
ixj¾Ok ie,eiau iu. wkql+, jk mßÈ l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'
b& 1947 wxl 29 orK k.r iNd wd{dmk; iy 1939 wxl 66 orK k.r iNd wd{dmk;
m<d;a md,k wdh;k i|yd wod< wd{dmk;a u.ska n,;, mjrd § we;' m<d;a md,k
wdh;khkag zzish n,m%foaYh ;=< uyck fi!LH" uyck Wmfhda.S;d fiajd yd fmdÿ uxudj;a
iïnkaO ish¨u ;;a;ajhka kshdukh" md,kh lsÍu yd mßmd,kh lsÍu;a ck;djf.a
iqjmyiqj" yd iqnidOkh we;=¿ ish¨ wdldrfha myiqlï iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍu;a m<d;a
md,k wdh;kj,g wh;a ld¾hhak fõ' ^uyk.r iNd wd{d mk;" 4 jk j.ka;sh¦ k.r iNd
wd{dmk;" 4 jk j.ka;sh¦ m%dfoaYSh iNd mk; 3 jk j.ka;sh&' fuu ffk;sl ;;a;ajh hgf;a
kj f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍu yd mj;sk f.dvkeÕs,s kùlrKh lsÍu i|yd wod< m<d;a md,k
27 | P a g e
wdh;kfha wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;=h' kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh mk; hgf;a m%ldYhg m;alr
we;s uyk.r iNd iy k.r iNd n,m%foaYhka ;=< ksjdi bÈ lsÍfï§ fyda ixj¾Ok lghq;=
isÿ lsÍfï§ wod< k.rdêm;sjrhdf.a fyda iNdm;sjrhdf.a wkque;sh ,nd .ekSu wjYH fõ'
;u md,k n,m%foaYh ;=< ixj¾Ok lghq;= kshdukh lsÍfï n,h kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh
úiska k.rdêm;sjrhd fyda iy m<d;a md,k wdh;kfha iNdm;sjrhd fj; mjrd we;' kd.ßl
ixj¾Ok wêldßh úiska m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s m%dfoaYSh iNd n, m%foaYhkag wh;a kd.ßl
m%foaY ;=< ksjdi bÈlsÍu fyda fjk;a ixj¾Ok lghq;= i|yd wod< m%dfoaYSh iNd
iNdm;sjrhdf.a wkque;sh ,nd .ekSu wksjd¾h fõ' m<d;a md,kh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh
u.ska m%foaYSh ixj¾Ok ie,iqïlrKh iy ukdj taldnoaO jQ .%dóh yd m%dfoaYSh ie,iqïlrK
mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍug m<d;amd,k wdh;khkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs'
fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ;u md,k n,m%foaYh ;=< ie,iqï n,Odßhd njg m<d;a md,k wdh;kh
m;alsÍu yryd cd;sl fN!;sl ie,iqï kS;sh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh ukdj l%shd;aul jk ;yjqre
lr we;' ta wkqj m<d;a md,k wdh;khkaj,g ;u n, m%foaYh ;=< fN!;sl ie,iqï yd
idOdrK udkj ixj¾Okhla we;s lsÍug wod< ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï n,;, mejÍ we;' tu
;;a;ajh Tjqka i;= úIh m:h mq¿,a lsÍug fya;=fõ' fuu jHdmD;shg wod<j kdh hEï
wjulrK mshjrhka l%shd;aul lsÍug m%:uj wod< uyk.r fyda k.r iNdfõ ie,iqï lñgqfõ
wkque;sh ,nd .ekSu wjYH fõ'
kdhhdfï wjodku wju lsÍu i|yd wkd.;fha § isÿúh yels nEjqï wia:djr;ajhkaf.ka Ôú;
yd foam< iqrCIs; lsÍfï wruqKska nEjqïj, bÈlsÍï lghq;= i|yd hï hï iSudjka mkjd we;'
ta wkqj" nÿ,a," .d,a," yïnkaf;dg" l¿;r" uykqjr" lE.,a," ud;f,a" ud;r" kqjrt<sh"
r;akmqr hk Èia;%slal 10 ys y÷kd.;a kdh hEï wjodkï we;s m%foaYhkays nEjqïj, bÈlsÍï
lghq;= i|yd cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkfha tlÕ;djh ,nd .ekSu wksjd¾h fõ'
28 | P a g e
9' oekqj;a lsÍu iy md¾Yajlrejkaf.a odhl;ajh
jHdmD;sh msßie,iqïlrKfha yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï m<uq mshjr f,i n,mEug ,lajk
mqoa.,hska iu. idlÉPd lsÍu yd Tjqka oekqj;a lsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h' tys§ ck;dj fj; ksjrÈ
f;dr;=re iemhSu ;=<ska jHdmD;sh ms<sn| ÿ¾u; ke;s lsÍug;a n,mEug ,lajk ck;dj w;r
jHdmD;sh ms<sn| úYajikSh;ajh f.dvke.Su iy jHdmD;sfha úksúo Ndjh j¾Okh l< hq;= h'
jHdmD;sh ms<sn| isÿ lrk oekqj;a ùfï jevigykaj,§ f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ekSu"
Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk m%;spdrj,g weyqïlka §u" ;SrK .ekSfï idlÉPd i|yd iïnkao lr .ekSu
iy jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd uyck iyfhda.S;dj ,nd .ekSu hk lreKq flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq flf¾' fuu oekqj;a lsÍfï jevuq¿ wldr lsysmhlg isÿ l< yelsh' Wod( fmdÿ
/iaùï ixúOdkh lsÍu" b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPd" .Dy tall ióCIK fyda ;ks mqoa.,
oekqj;a lsÍï
9'1 md¾Yjlrejka ms<sn| úia;rh
fuu jHdmD;shg wod< md¾Yjlrejka hkq jHdmD;sh ms<sn| Rcq Wkkaÿjla olajk iy oekqj;a
lsÍfï l%shdj,shg iyNd.S úh yels md¾Yjhkah' tu md¾Yjlrejka jHdmD;sfha iajNdjh u;;
m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl jYfhka fldgia follg j¾. lrkq ,nhs' m%d:ñl md¾Yjlrejka hg;g
n,mEug ,lajk mqoa.,hska" jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dNSka" Odrl m%cdj" jHdmD;s iyfhda.S;d
ksfhdacs;dh;k ^ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh" Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fiajh" m%dfoaYSh yd Èia;%sla
f,alïjreka" wd.ñl kdhlhska" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd, jeks wdh;k& iy jdßud¾. iy c,
iïm;a yd wdmod l,ukdlrK wud;HdxYh yd uqo,a wud;HdxYh wh;a fõ'
oaú;Shsl md¾Yjlrejka hg;g jHdmD;sh ms<sn| Wkkaÿjla olajk m<d;a iNd yd m<d;a md,k
n,OdÍka" kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh" foaYmd,k wêldßh" jHdmD;s iïmdolhska" ffk;sl
lghq;= ms<sn| lghq;= lrk lKavdhï" ,shdmÈxÑ isú,a ixúOdk iy jHdmD;shg jl%j iïnkaO
jk fjk;a mqoa.,sl yd rdcH n,OdÍka wh;a fõ'
B<`. mshjr jYfhka ,shdmÈxÑ isú,a ixúOdk iy jHdmD;sfha ld¾hCIu;dj iy M,odhS nj
j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a jk fjk;a mqoa.,hska iy lKavdhï ms<sn| úia;rhla ilia
l< hq;=h' md¾Yjlrejka iu`. b;d ie,ls,af,ka ie,iqï l< oekqj;a lsÍfï yd iyNd.s;aj
l%shdj,shla ilia lsÍu wjYH jk w;r bka miqj f;dr;=re fnod yeÍfï l%ufõoh ms<sn|
tl`.;djhlg t<ôh hq;=h'
9'2 md¾Yjlrejka oekqj;a lsÍu yd iyNd.s;ajh
jHdmD;sfha úksúoNdjh iy n,mEug ,lajQjka yd cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh
w;r wjfndaOh mq¿,a lsÍu i|yd jHdmD;sh wdrïN jk wjia:dfõ§u n,mEug ,lajk
mqoa.,hskag Tjqkaf.a whs;Ska yd j.lSï ms<sn| mQ¾K oekqj;a Ndjhla ,ndÈh hq;=h' ta i|yd
jHdmD;sh ms<sn| f;dr;=re myiqfjka ,nd .ekSug yd wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjia:dj mej;sh
hq;= w;r wjYH wjia:dj,§ ;u uõ NdIdjg mßj¾;kh lr Èh hq;=h' ;jo" úoHq;a yd uqøs;
29 | P a g e
udOH Tiafia fukau fmdÿ oekaùï mqjre" w;am;%sld iy ksjiska ksji fj; f.dia jHdmD;sh
ms<sn| oekqj;a l< hq;=h'
oekqj;a lsÍfï Wml%uhla jYfhka uyck;dj oekqj;a lsÍfï fmd;a msxpla Ndú; lrkq we;'
ta ;=< n,mEug ,la jQ mqoa.,hskaf.a whs;Ska ms<sn| wod< ish¨ f;dr;=re we;=<;a úh hq;=h'
wkq jHdmD;s m%foaYhkays wod< ish¨ .Dy tall w;r tu fmd;a msxp fnod yeßh hq;=h' n,mEug
,la jQ mqoa.,hskag ysñjk jkaÈ iy Tjqkaf.a cSjk uÜgu h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍug .kq ,nk
mshjrhka ms<sn| mQ¾Kj wjfndaO lr .ekSug yelsjk mßÈ isxy, fou< NdIdj,ska fuu
fmd;a msxp m%ldYhg m;al< hq;= h' ta ;=<
• jHdmD;sh ms<sn| flá úia;rhla
• jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ isÿ úh yels n,mEï
• jkaÈ f.ùfï l%shdldrlï iy jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï u; n,mEug ,lajQjkag ysñjk
whs;Ska
• cSjfkdamdh ud¾. h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha o< ie,eiau
• n,mEug ,lajQjka iy Odrl m%cdjo we;=¿j m%cd oekqj;a lsÍu iy iyNd.s;ajh
• jHdmD;sh Ndr m%Odk ks,Odßhdf.a ku iy ;k;=r we;=<;aj ilia lrkq ,nk
jevigyka ie,eiau
• jeäÿr f;dr;=re oek .ekSu i|yd Èia;%sla m%Odk ks,OdÍka iïnkaO lr .ekSug wod<
f;dr;=re
j.=j 08( úúO jHdmD;s wÈhrj,§ md¾Yjlrejka oekqj;a lsÍu iy iyfhda.S;d l%shdldrlï
jHdmD;sfha wÈhrhka oekqj;a lsÍfï l%shdldrlï
iQodkï lsÍu yd uQ,sl
ld¾hhka
• jHdmD;s md¾Yjlrejkaf.a ^m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl& f;dr;=re we;=<;a o;a; ixÑ;hla ks¾udKh lsÍu'
• f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSfï l%u ilia lsÍu yd fnod yeÍu i|yd ie,iqï ilia lsÍu'
• bvï wjYH;dj" bvï .eg¨" úl,am bvï" ysñlï ms<sn| osia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd,fha ie,iqï wOHCIjrhd" m%dfoaYSh f,alï iy fld,ks ks,OdÍ
iu`. m%Odk lreKq ms<sn| idlÉPd lsÍu'
• kdh hEï wju lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha m%dfoaYSh n,mEu iy kdh hEï wju l< ia:dkhka l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| m<d;a md,k iyldr flduidßia" m%dfoaYSh f,alï iy m<d;a md,k wdh;khkays
flduidßia$f,alï iu. idlÉPd lsÍu
• wdmod l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkh iy wod, fjk;a md¾Yjlrejka iu`. m%cd mQ¾j iQodku" mQ¾j
30 | P a g e
wk;=re we`.ùu" yÈis bj;a lsÍfï l%ufõoh ms<sn|
oekqj;a lsÍu'
jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍu yd
msßie,iqïlrKh
• bj;a lsÍug fyda Odrl m%cdj njg m;aùug bv we;s mqoa.,hska yd lKavdhï iu. /iaúï meje;aùu yd jd¾;d lsÍu
• kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï yd wdodhï ud¾. m%;sia:dmkh lsÍfï úl,amhka ms<sn| n,mEug ,lajk mqoa.,hska oekqj;a lsÍu'
• jHdmD;sfha n,mEu we.hsu i|yd n,mEug ,lajk ck;djf.a iyNd.s;ajh
• kej; mÈxÑ" wdodhï m%;sia:dmkh iy jkaÈ f.ùu i|yd wdh;k.; iyNd.s;aj rduqj
• kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug fhduq úy yels mjq,a" Odrlhska" m%cd mdol ixúOdk jeks md¾Yjj,ska kej; mÈxÑ
lsÍfï ia:dk f;dard .ekSu i|yd f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu
• n,mEug ,lajQjkaf.a ksfhdackhlao iys;j ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï l%ufõohla
ia:dms; lsÍu
• ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï lñgqj iu. wjfndaO;d .súiqulg t<öu yd fldkafoais iy ks¾foaY fnod yeÍu
l%shd;aul lsÍu
• kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï ie,eiau l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ u. yeÍug bv we;s mqoa.,hskaf.a iyNd.s;ajh
• kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï l%shdj,sh i|yd m%cd mdol ixúOdk iy fjk;a wdh;kj, ueÈy;a ùu'
• cSjfkdamdy yd wdodhï ud¾. m%;sia:dmkh lsÍfï§ m%cd mdol ixúOdkj, yd md¾Yjlrejkaf.a
iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSu'
• ;SrK .ekSfï lñgqj,g n,mEug ,lajQjka iïnkao ùu
• ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï lñgq l%shdldß;ajh id¾:lj nj ;yjqre ùu'
• kshduk yd we.hSfï ld¾hfha§ n,mEug ,lajQjkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh
31 | P a g e
10' ms<shï fh¥ jevìï iy l<ukdlrKh
2009 j¾Ifha§ ilia lrk ,o m<d;a md,kh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ;u n,m%foaYh
;=< fN!;sl mßirh wdrCId lsÍfï yd jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï n,h m<d;a md,k wêldßh fj;
mjrd § we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh yryd ie,iqïlrK yd iïnkaëlrK l%shdj,sfha§ m%dfoaYSh
mßmd,kh yd m<d;a md,kh fmdÿ wruqKlg f.k taug rch úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrkq
,nhs' ta i|yd fuu md¾Yj fol w;r fhda.H wdh;ksl wjldYhla iy iycSjkh i|yd jQ
hdka;%Khla ks¾udKh flf¾' fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ;jÿrg;a iuia; Èia;%sla wdmod
l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;s rduqj ;=< wod< m<d;a md,k wêldßh ;u n,m%foaYfha wdmod fmr
iQodku wdmod wju lsÍu iy l<ukdlrKh flfrys l%shdldÍj ueÈy;aùula isÿ lrk nj
;yjqre flf¾' cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúODkhg bvï w;am;a lr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka
kS;suh n,hla fkdue;' fmdÿ bvï ms<sn| whs;sh ysñjkafka wod< m%dfoaYSh f,alï
fldÜGdifha m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdgh' fuu ;;a;ajh ;=< kdh hEu wju lrk ,o jevï
wdrCId lsÍu$ kv;a;= lsÍu yd cd' f.d' m' i' Wmfoia u; wod< ia:dk Ndú; lsÍu i|yd
;%s;aj md¾Yùh .súiqulg t<ôh hq;=h' tu .súiqfuys md¾Yjlrejka jkafka wod< m<d;a md,k
wêldßh" wod< m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd iy cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkhhs' ta wkqj
kdh hEï wju lrk ,o ia:dkhka Ndú; lsÍug wod< m<d;a md,k wêldßhg wkque;sh ,nd
Èh yels w;r tys§ kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh úiska ilia lrk ,o ixj¾Ok ie,iqï
flgqïm;a$ .eiÜ m;%j,g iy cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkfha ud¾f.damfoaY u;
l%shd;aul lrk ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g wkl+, úh yelsh'
11' .eg¨ úYaf,aIKh iy ÿla .ekú,s bÈßm;a lsÍfï l%ufõoh
ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Kh hkak ÿla .ekú,s i|yd wfmaCId lrk iy
imhk iykh wkqj wdh;khla" WmlrK" l%ufõohka yd l%shdj,shla fõ' iqmßCIdldÍj
ie,iqï lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=<ska ÿla .ekú,s je<elaùu i|yd m%udKj;a wjOdkhla
fhduq l< hq;=h' tfy;a ixlS¾K jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ÿla.ekú,s we;s ùu md,kh l<
yels fkdfõ' tneúka n,mEug ,lajk mqoa.,hska fyda lKavdhïj,g ;u ÿla.ekú,s i|yd
idOdrK fyda w,dNhg iudk uÜgfï iykhla ,eîu fyda ;u wfmaCIdjka ;Dma;su;a jk
wdldrfha úi÷ula ,nd §u i|yd wdh;k.; ÿla .ekú,sj,g iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Khla
ia:dms; lrkq ,efí' tu hdka;%Kh yryd fhda.H iyk ie,iSu ;=<ska n,mEug ,lajk
mqoa.,hska ;=< jHdmD;sh ms<sn| úYAjikSh;ajh ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs' jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lr we;s
ld, rduqjg wkql+,j l%shd;aul lsÍug tu úYajdikSh;ajh b;d jeo.;a fõ' tfiau n,mEug
,lajk mqoa.,hskag myiqfjka tu hdka;%Kh fj; m%fõY ùug yelshdj mej;Su fukau
hdka;%Kfha úksúoNdjh" msßjeh M,odhS nj" ld¾hCIu;dj iy ÿla.ekú,s i|yd blauka
m%;spdr oelaùu hk .=Kdx. b;d jeo.;a fõ'
ÿla .ekú,s ,nd .ekSug iy tajdg iyk ie,iSug l%shd;aul jk hdka;%Kfha wÈhr ;=kls'
1' ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï m%dfoaYSh lñgqj
32 | P a g e
2' ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï Èia;%sla lñgqj
3' iajdëk ÿla .ekú,s uKav,h
ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï m%dfoaYSh lñgqj( fuys§ n,mEug ,lajQjka ;u ÿla.ekú,a,
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha iudc ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍjrhd fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' tu
tallfha fcHIaG iudc wdrCIK úfYAI{ ks,OdÍjrhdf.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a iudc ixj¾Ok
ks,OdÍjrhd úiska tu ÿla .ekú,a," ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï m%dfoaYSh lñgqj fj;
bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' bka wk;=rej tu ÿla .ekú,s mQ¾K jYfhka mß.Kl.; l< o;a;
ixÑ;hla ;=<g we;=<;a lrkq ,nhs' tu mß.Kl.; o;a; ixÑ;h jHdmD;sh wdrïN lsÍug
m%:uj ilia lrkq ,nk w;r jHdmD;s wOHCIjrhdf.a Rcq wëCIKh hgf;a jHdmD;s
l<ukdlrK tallh úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs' lsishï jHdmD;s l%shdldrlula fya;=fjka
isÿjk ydks ;lafiarelrKh ms<sn|j" ysñlï ms<sn|j fyda n,mEug ,lajQ mqoa.,hska w;r
we;sjk .eg¨ úi|Sfï§ wod< .%du ks,OdÍjrhdf.a iyfhda.h ,nd .; hq;=h' ÿla .ekú,s
i|yd iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Kh l%shd;aul jkafka n,mEug ,lajk mqoa.,hska yd jHdmD;s
iyfhda.S;d wdh;k hk fomd¾Yjhu tl`. jk mßÈh' tu l%shdj,sfha§ m%foaYh ms<sn|j ukd
oekqj;a Ndjhla iys; .%du ks,OdÍjrhdf.a iyfhda.h u; ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSug
Wmßu W;aidyhla orkq ,efí' jHdmD;s tallhg ÿla.ekú,s Ndr§fuka miq i;shl ld,hla
;=< ta ms<sn| ;SrKh ,nd Èh hq;=h'
ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï Èia;%sla lñgqj¦ hï fyhlska ÿla .ekú,s i|yd fomd¾Yjh
tl`. jk úi÷ulg t<öug fkdyels wjia:djl§" Bg wod< ish¨ ,sms f,aLk iys;j tu ÿla
.ekú,a, osia;%sla lñgqj fj; fhduq l< hq;=h' tu ld¾hh jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha
iudc ixj¾Ok ks,Odßhd úiska isÿ lrkq ,efí' Èia;%sla lñgqjg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ÿla
.ekú,s i|yd i;s foll ld,hla ;=< ;SrKhla ,ndÈh hq;= w;r ta i\yd jHdmD;s iyfhda.S;d
wh;khkays ks¾foaY I,ld ne,shh q;=h' ÿla .ekú,s i|yd i|yd iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Kh
iu. noaO jQ ukd wdh;ksl jHqyhlska osia;%sla lñgqj iukaú; fõ' fuu Èia;%sla lñgq
hka;%Kh wod<j¦ idudcslhskaf.a úia;r" ÿla.ekú,s úNd. lsÍfï hdka;%Kh" meñKss,s Ndr
ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï m%dfoaYSh lñgqfõ idudcslhska¦
• wod< jifï .%du ks,Odßjrhd
• n,mEug ,lajQ mqoa.,hkaf.a ksfhdacs;hl=
• m<d;a md,k ksfhdacs;fhl=
• m%dfoaYSh iudc ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍjrhd
• m%dfoaYSh wdmod iyk fiajd ks,OdÍ
• jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha iudc ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍjrhd
33 | P a g e
.ekSu iy ;SrK .ekSfï l%ufõoh ms<sn|j mq¿,a oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigykla l%shd;aul l<
hq;=h' fï i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fha .%dóh ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍjrhd" ,shdmÈxÑ isú,a
ixúOdk iy m%cd mdol ixúOdk hkdÈfha iyfhda.h ,nd .; hq;=h' fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul
lsÍfï§ wfmaCIs; ÿla.ekú,s f,i jkaÈ f.ùfï wkqmd;h" f;dard .ekSfï ks¾Kdhl" kej;
mÈxÑ lsÍfï ia:Dk" tu ia:dkhkays mj;sk fmdÿ Wmfhda.S;d fiajd myiqlïj, .=Kd;aul
Ndjh hkdÈh ms<sn|j fyda wys;lr iudchSh n,mEu wju lsÍug yd ;lafire lsÍug fuu
m%;sm;a;s rduqj ;=< Ndú; lrkq ,nk ud¾f.damfoaYhka ms<sn|j fyda w;Dma;slr ;;a;ajhka
we;súh yelsh'
ÿla.ekú,s i|+yd iyk ie,iSfï Èia;%sla lñgqfõ l%shdldß;ajhg wod< úêúOdk
w& ÿla .ekú,s bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd ks¾foaYs; whÿï m;%h ^weuqKqu 3 - wdo¾Y whÿï m;%h&
wd& jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha iudc ixj¾Ok ks,Odßhd úiska ÿla .ekú,sj,g weyqïlka
§u" tajd ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu iy j¾. lsÍu ms<sn| l%ufõoh f,aLk.; lsÍu
we& meñKs,s md¾Yjh tl`. jQ ;SrK iy hï isÿ ùula ms<s.ekSug fyda m%;sfCIm lsÍug
fya;= f,aLk.; lsÍu
b& ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍu¦ iy
B& ksjerÈj l%shd;aul lrùu" kshdukh iy m%f,aLkh
iajdëk ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï uKav,h¦ ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï Èia;%sla
lñgqj úiska ,ndÿka ;SrKhgo n,mEug ,lajQ md¾Yjh tl`. fkdjkafka kï Tjqkag ;u ÿla
.ekú,s iajdëk uKav,hg bÈßm;a l< yelsh' fuu uKav,h" jdßud¾. iy c, iïm;a yd
wdmod l<ukdlrK wud;HdxYfha iy iyldr f,alï ^ixj¾Ok&" ;lafiarelrk
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ kS;S{jrhl= iy m<uq fY%aKsfha úY%dñl mßmd,k ks,Odßfhl=f.ka
ÿla.ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï Èia;%sla lñgqfõ idudcslhska¦
• w;sf¾l Èia;%sla f,alï ^bvï& - iNdm;s
• m%dfoaYSh f,alï fyda iyldr m%dfoaYSh f,alï
• uekqïm;s fyda Tyqf.a$wehf.a ksfhdaxs;hl=
• m%Odk ;lafiarelre fyda Tyqf.a$wehf.a ksfhdacs;hl=
• ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßfha ksfhdacs;hl=
• Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fiajfha ksfhdacs;hl=
• jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha fcHIaG iudc wdrCIK úfYaI{
• jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallfha iudc ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ
34 | P a g e
iukaú; fõ' fuu uKav,fha iNdm;sjrhd f,i jdßud¾. iy c, iïm;a yd wdmod
l<ukdlrK wud;HdxYfha iy iyldr f,alï ^ixj¾Ok& lghq;= lrkq ,nhs' uKav,h úiska
ÿla.ekú,s ms<sn| mÍCId lr i;s foll ld,hla ;=< ish ;SrKh jHdmD;s wOHCIjrhd fj;
,nd Èh hq;=h' wOHCIjrhd úiska tu ;SrKh n,mEug ,lajQ md¾Yjhg ,sÅ;j oekqï fokq
,efí' hï fyhlska iajdëk uKav,h úiska .kq ,nk ;SrKhgo n,mEug ,lajQ md¾Yjh
tl`. fkdjkafka kï Tjqkag ta ms<sn|j wêlrKhg fhduq úug wjia:dj mj;S'
ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Kh
35 | P a g e
12' kshdukh iy wëCIKh
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh ;=< jHdmD;s l%shdldrlï kshdukh yd jd¾;d lsÍfï
hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lrkq ,nhs' fuu hdka;%Kh iudc wdrCIK l%ufõohkag wkql+,j
l%shd;aul jk w;r tu.ska jHdmD;sh ;=< iudchSh wdrCIK l%ufõohka M,odhSj yd
ld¾hCIuj fhdod .kafkao hkak ;yjqre flf¾' Bg wu;rj iajdëk iudchSh wdrCIK
kshdukhkao we;=¿j kshduk yd jd¾;d lsÍï i|yd hdka;%Khlao ia:dms; lrkq ,nhs'
jHdmD;sh ;=< l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk iudchSh wdrCIK jevigykaj, m%.;sh ms<sn|j úêu;aj
f;dr;=re /ialsÍfï yd jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh yryd md¾Yjlrejka fj; ks.uk
bÈßm;a lsÍfï j.lSu tu hdka;%Khg mejf¾' fuu l%shdj,sfha iuia; wruqK jkafka kdh
hEï wjulrK l%shdud¾.hkays m%ldYs; m%;sM, w;am;a lr .ekSu ;yjqre lsÍuhs' kshduk
hdka;%Kh ;=<¦ ud¾f.damfoaY" kshuhka yd fldkafoais" kshduk o¾Yl" l%shd;aul lsÍfï
hdka;%Kh yd l%ufõo" l%shd;aul l< hq;= jdr .Kk" ,sms f,aLk ieliSu yd jd¾;dlrK
l%shdldrlï wka;¾.; fõ'
kshduk ld¾hhka yd j.lSï
iudc wdrCIK jevigyk ;=< kshduk ld¾hhka yd j.lSï lsysmhla y÷kd .; yelsh' fuu
kshduk ld¾hhka yd j.lSï iuia; jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK moaO;shg wkq.; úh hq;= w;r
jHdmD;sfha md¾Yjlrejka iy n,mEug ,lajQ mjq,a yd ck;dj iu`. f;dr;=re yqjudre lr
.ekSug yelsjk mßos ixúOdkh l< hq;=h'
w& md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iuq¿j
iudchSh l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh i|yd iyfhda..S;djla f.dvke.Sug wu;rj n,mEug ,lajQ
kej; mÈxÑ l< ck;djf.a ksfhdackhlao iys;j md¾Yjlrjkaf.a iuq¿jla ia:dms; lrkq
,nhs' tu iuq¿j j¾I follg jrla /iajk w;r tu iuq¿jg iudchSh l<ukdlrK tallh
úiska mj;sk iudc wdrCIK jevigykays m%.;sh iy B<`. iuq¿j olajd jevigyka
l%shdldß;ajh oelafjk jd¾;djla bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' fuu iuq¿fõ§ tu jd¾;dj iudf,dapkh
lsÍu" l%shd;aul lsÍfï .eg¨ y÷kd .ekSu" fhdacs; wjodkï wjulrK mshjrhka yd
md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iïnkaO;d i,ld ne,Su hkd§ lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq flf¾'
wd& jHmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh
jHmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh fuu jHdmD;sfha iuia; iudf,dapk ld¾hh isÿ lrkq ,nk
w;r Bg udisl jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï lñgq /iaùug kshduk yd we.hSï tall úiska
bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk kshduk jd¾;d ,eìh hq;=h' kdh hEï wjulrK jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul
lrk m%foaYhkays mÈxÑj isák ck;dj ms<sn| kshduk ld¾hh i|yd fuu tallh ;=< o;a;
ixÑ;hla ia:dms; lrkq ,nhs' tu o;a; moaO;sh ;=<g we;=<;a lrkq ,nk tla tla f.dvke.s,s
i|yd ,shdmÈxÑ wxlhla ,nd fok w;r ta hgf;a Tjqka ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lrkq ,nhs' ta
;=< µ& fmdÿ f;dr;=re" µµ& l=gqïNfha m%cd úoHd;aul f;dr;=re" µµµ& bvï mßyrKh iy ksjdi
36 | P a g e
tallhkays f;dr;=re" µ¶& wdmod n,mEu" ¶& f.k we;s wdmod wjulrK mshjrhka we;=<;a fõ'
fuu o;a; moaO;sh ;+<ska tla tla wkq jHdmD;sj,g wod<j úia;rd;aul ixLHdkuh f;dr;=re
^m%;sY;" ixLHd; jeks& ,nd .; yelsfõ' fuu o;a; moaO;sh l<ukdlrKfha iy úYaf,aIKh
lsÍfï j.lSu iudc wdrCIKh ms<sn| úfYaI{hl= fj; mejfrk w;r jHdmD;sfha tla tla
wÈhrg wod<j ksjdi tallhkag isÿjk n,mEu iy fjkialï wkqj o;a; moaO;sh hdj;ald,Sk
l< hq;=h'
kshduk yd we.hSfï tall
mdßißl yd iudchSh l<ukdlrK tallhkau kshduk yd we.hSfï tall jYfhka l%shd;aul
fõ' tu tallhkays j.lSu jkqfha
• jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallhg wjYH ikaksfõok yd ;dCIKsl iyfhda.h ,nd §u
• iuchSh l<ukdlrK jevigykg wod<j o;a; moaO;shla ks¾udKh lsÍu iy jd¾;d
lsÍfï l%ufõohla ia:dms; lsÍu
• kshduk msßie,iqï wkqj jd¾;d ilia lsÍu yd bÈßm;a lsÍu" iy¦
• úfYaIfhka md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iuq¿j i|yd Ndysr kshduk hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lsÍu
fuu l%shdldrlï u; mokïj kshduk hdka;%Kh l%shd;aul fõ' tu hdka;%Kh my; oelafjk
l%shdj,sh" m%;sM," m%;sM, oelafjk o¾Ylhka we;+<;a rduqj hgf;a l%shd;aul fõ'
j.=j 09' iudchSh wdrCIK l%shdldrlï kshdukh yd we.hSu i|yd jk o¾Yl yd úp,Hhka
o¾Ylhka úp,Hhka
w& iyNd.s;ajh yd WmfoaYkh
▪ md¾Yjlrejkaf.a /iaùï iy WmfoaYkh i|yd iyNd.s;ajh
▪ md¾Yjlrejkaf.a ixúOdk úiska fCI;% ksÍCIKhka isÿ lsÍu
▪ wruqK" ia:dkh" iyNd.s;ajh hkdÈh u; iyNd.Sjkafka iyNd.s;ajh yd WmfoaYk ixLHdj
wd& YlH;d j¾Okh yd mqyqKq lsÍu
▪ ld¾hh uKav,hg yd fjk;a ks,OdÍkag ,ndfok mqyqKq jevugyka iy tajdg iyNd.S jk ixLHdj
▪ y÷kajd fokq ,nk moaO;s yd l%shdj,Ska ixLHdj
we& ÿla .ekú,s i|yd iyk
▪ j¾.h wkqj ,enqKq ÿla.ekú,s ixLHdj yd iyk ie,iSfï luqgj úiska úi÷ï ,ndÿka ixLHdj¦ iyk imhk ,o" m%;spdr oelaùfï ld, iSudj
wE& ysñlï iy jkaÈ f.ùu
▪ w,dNfha iajNdjh wkqj jkaÈ ysñjQ mqoa.,hska .Kk
▪ kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï i|yd iyh ,o mqoa.,hska .Kk
37 | P a g e
b& ixialD;sl yd m%cd j;alï m%;sia:dmkh
▪ kej; ia:dk.;$ m%;sia:dmkh l< hq;= m%cd j;alï ixLHdj
▪ kej; ia:dk.;$ m%;sia:dmkh l< m%cd j;alï ixLHdj
B& f.dÿre úh yels l=gqïN" lKavdhï iy mqoa.,hska
▪ iyh wjYH f.dÿre úh yels mqoa.,hska ixLHdj ^ÿmam;=ka" ldka;djka" <uqka iy wdndê;hska&
▪ iyh ,enQ f.dÿreúh yels lKavdhï .Kk
▪ imhk ,o myiqlï M,odhSj Ndú; lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hska .Kk
W& kdh hEï wju lsÍfï m%;s,dN
▪ iqrCIs; jk ksjdi .Kk
▪ iqrCIs; jk mqoa.,hska .Kk
▪ iqrCIs; jk jHdmdßl f.dvke.s,s .Kk
▪ iqrCIs; jk mjq,a .Kk
▪ iqrCIs; jk ud¾. cd,fha jákdlu
13' YlH;d j¾Okh iy mqyqKq lsÍï
oekqu" Odß;dj yd Ndú;h wvq neúka iudchSh l<ukdlrK yd kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï ie,iqï
lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqfõ i|yka ks¾Kdhlhkag wkqj iudchSh wdrCIK mshjrhka l%shd;aul
lsÍu i|yd cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh i;= YlH;dj m%udKj;a fkdfõ' iudchSh
wdrCIK úfYaI{hl= fyda lsysm fofkl= n|jd .ekSu u.ska iudchSh yd mdßißl wdrCIK
mshjrhka l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a lsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h' ;jo" úfYaIfhka oekqu
mokï lr.;a M,odhS ÿla.ekú,s iyk ie,iSfï hdka;%Khla l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd mqyqKq yd
oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka meje;aùuo wjYH fõ' tneúka" fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§
YlH;d j¾Ok l%shdj,sfha fldgila jYfhka jHdmD;s wOHCIjrhdf.a isg iudc ixj¾Ok
ks,OdÍka olajd iudc l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍfï iy YlH;d j¾Okh
lsÍfï jevigyka meje;aùfï wjYH;djla mj;S' jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrk ld,h ;=<
fldka;%d;alrejka yd kshduk ks,OdÍka úiska iudc wdrCIK wjYH;djka ms<sn| oekqj;a
lsÍfï jevigyka o fuu YlH;d j¾Ok jevigyfka fldgila jYfhka isÿ l< hq;=h'
38 | P a g e
weuqKqï
weuqKqï i|yd bx.%Sis msgm; mßYS,kh l< hq;=h' weuqKqïj, ixCIsma;hla muKla fuys
oelafõ'
weuqKqu 01' kdh hEï fya;=fjka úm;g m;ajQjka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s rduqj
weuqKqï 02' bvï ysñhka iu`. we;slr .ekSug kshñ; .súiqu
weuqKqï 03' ÿla .ekú,s bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd jk whÿï m;%h
weuqKqï 04' m%Odk ld¾h uKav,fha iqÿiqlï yd w;aoelSï