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1- *FH,Y 5H,PA.S `89 sS,9 )(PDSI"

Q,( #! sS,9 ;1 1965 |(>4 Palmer " �#,T7 " ,T<! E,T( *T7 0U 5T(,( =>3G< " 89 i 87

# >6( x,S M7>K# ;-'mFZM( . B7 B/,-Z,< 5/,<$ E,-^< #! sS,9 ;1 #>6C,TW " !"# 5T< #,TC

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8T-C],4 " B_>4 !#>< �*7 #! !>_>< fU )*-Sn sS,9 ;1 #! BC `",G4 ;1 ,7 M( *FH,Y sS,9

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4- ,3AZ! sS,9 (Deciles)

Q,( #! sS,9 ;1 1967 |(>4 Gibbs " Maher89 Bv # . LT1$>4 N-PT^4 $ ],(,( sS,9 ;1

$ #! )89 MJz #,<U i>O" Q,F6R 81U 5< M(! B7 L1$>4 8g#! )! $ d1*Z $ 5.a7 *7 �#,7 `8< .

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Q,( #! sS,9 ;1 1995 |(>4 McKee 89 Bv # 0 #,AFZ " . �#,7 `",G4 E,( *7 sS,9 ;1

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!"# 5< #,C (Alley, "&$%).

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Q,( #! sS,9 ;1 1993 |(>4 Meyer 89 Bv # 0 #,AFZ " 2 Q,T( #! �p( 1995 |T(>4 ] !8T&<

Meyer " Hubbard �bg 81!*+ . Q>Xt< M7>K# sS,9 $ �Y sS,9 ;1 )CMI ( 8T9 Bv # .

" Standardized Precipitation Index Crop Moisture Index # Soil Moisture Drought Index % National Rain Fall Index

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!>9 5< )!,G6( (Alley, "&$%).

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Q,( #! sS,9 ;1 1994 |(>4 Gomes " Petrassi 89 Bl*@ . " ,TZ>:H E,T( *T7 sS,9 ;1

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$ 5W!,X4 =,O# ,7 3- ,4 3 + 5Fj/ 57 B7 BC D#>c7 81U 5< M(87 �#,T7 D,Z10 e,XT6S BT/ *C

M( )89 )! !. 89,7 5< �#,7 2sS,9 ;1 BJ(,t< #! *z�< r<,@ ,3'4 . S,9 ;1 ;Fl #! "! #! s

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11- 5v,-R 5H,PA.S sS,9 3

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Q,( #! sS,9 ;1 1996 |(>4 Weyhorst 89 Bv # . fU )*T-Sn sS,T9 BT7 B-JT9 sS,T9 ;1

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(Hayes, !!').

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1-Q,<*/ $ D8g#! sS,9:

" National Rain Fall Index Rain Fall Anomaly Index # Reclamination Drought Index % Effective Rain Fall Index

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" B/,-< 8'9,7 )89 �*W 0,PA1 ;-:/,-<) 2)! $ �*W 1384.(

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)8-m-Y $ 5A1 sS,9 " ;1*4 " )8'Z!# 8.Z D,3F6P-( ;1*637 %-Y 8T9,7 5T< 5H,PA.S 5Z,+U .

5H,PA.S L<,_ sS,9 ;-H" sS,9 ;1 )!>7 5H,PA.S ;--I4 #! *z�< #,-P7 D,39"# $ 5A1 "

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BTIH,c< !#>T< 5R >/ ;-H" E,( *7 # M7>K# |1 *9 !*TC f,Ta6/ � .Alley Q,T( #! 1984 BT(

sS,9 $ MJ�< M-g>XS # M( )89 0U M-7>Jt< h_>< BC # *FH,Y *1$ �*9 B7!*C 0,-7:

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3-*1>X4 d1 *FH,Y sS,9 5H,PA.S $ 5/,<$ " 5/,A< 5< NZ *W # 5a1#,4 D,Z 8'C.

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%. Alley, W. M., "&$%. The Palmer Drought Severity Index: Limitations and

assumptions. Journal of climate and applied meteorology, #:""!!-""!&.

+. Gibbs, W. J., and Maher, J. V., "&'(. Rainfall deciles as drought indicators. Bureau

of Meteorology Bulletin, No. %$, Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne.

'. Heddinghaus, T. R., and Sabol, P., "&&". A review of the Palmer Drought Severity

Index and where do we go from here. In: Proc. (th Conf. on Applied Climatology,

September "!-"#. American Meteorological Society, Boston, pp. % - %'.