01-br8.0 dma&dma admission control

Dynamic MAIO Allocation & DMA Admission Control

Siemens Sebastian Lasek/Com SDC NA B1 Jul-06 2

DMA&DMA Admission Control

Slow Frequency Hopping well known and widely used feature in GSM network SFH means that the frequency of radio timeslot is changing burst by

burst (frequency remains the same during a burst) significant quality and capacity enhancements due to effects9 frequency diversity9 interference diversity

following parameters describe the hopping frequency used in each frame9Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO)9Hopping Sequence Number (HSN)

hopping list is given by the mobile allocation (MA) list

General concept



General concept

MA provides the list of hopping frequenciesMA length = 18

HSN defines the hopping sequence to be used (specifies in which order frequencies shall be used)

9 HSN = 0 - cyclic hopping (frequencies are changed in a consecutive order)9 HSN = 163 - random hopping (frequencies are changed according to a pseudo-random

sequence)

MAIO implies a shift defining the start frequency in the FH pattern defined by HSN

9 MAIO can take as many values as there are frequencies in the MA list9 MAIO planning prevents co- and adjacent channel interference within cell, between co-

sited sectors or synchronized cells when using SFH



BCCH TRX0

MAIO = 4 TRX1

MAIO = 10 TRX2

MAIO = 16 TRX3

BCCH TRX0

MAIO = 2 TRX1

MAIO = 8 TRX2

MAIO = 14 TRX3

General concept

with MAIO planning co-channel (adjacent) channel interference can be avoided 9 frame number synchronization between cells required

BCCH TRX0

MAIO = 0 TRX1

MAIO = 6 TRX2

MAIO = 12 TRX3

Random Hopping (1, 2, 10, 7, . . . )

Time (TDMA frame)

MA



1/1 reuse pattern deployment

9the same MA within sites9all sectors of the site have common

frame number (FN) (are FN synchronized) 9all sectors within site have the same

HSN, e.g. HSN =3

General concept

MA, HSN and FN are fixed for the site9 intra-site interference can be controlled by

allocating appropriate MAIOs

9degree of control interference at the site is conditioned by the fractional load

MA

MA

MA

HSN = 3

HSN = 3

HSN = 3



General concept

MA

MA

MA

HSN = 3

HSN = 3

HSN = 3

Static MAIO Allocation, SMA

9 the set of MAIOs allocated to the site is split into three subsets with different MAIOs for each sector

9 common practice is to assign equal MAIO values to all the channels of the same TRX

9 MAIO values must be reused within the site if number of deployed hopping transceivers > number of hopping frequencies

9 MAIO repetition = continuous intra-site co-channel interference = network quality degradation

MA = f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6

if no. TRX per site =< 6

no MAIO repetition

otherwise

MAIO has to be reused

MAIO = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5



General concept

the degree of control of both co-channel and adjacent channel by MAIO management functionality is conditioned by the applied fractional loadAssumption:9 consecutive frequencies in the MA list

Fractional Load Intra-site interference MAIO selection

FL 16.67% no co-channel or adjacent channel interference MAIO distance 2

16.67% < FL 33.3% adjacent channel interference between co-sited sectors; no co-channel interference MAIO distance 1

33.3% < FL 100%

co-channel interference between co-sited sectors; adjacent interference between co-

sited sectors; adjacent channel interference within the sectors

MAIO distance < 1; reuse of MAIOs necessary

FL = NTRX/#hoppers * 100%



General concept

3 - sector site with 12 hopping frequencies

TRX0

TRX1

TRX2

BCCH

MAIO = 0

MAIO = 3

MAIO = 6

TRX4 MAIO = 9

TRX3

TRX0

TRX1

TRX2

BCCH

MAIO = 2

MAIO = 5

MAIO = 8

TRX4 MAIO = 11

TRX3

TRX0

TRX1

TRX2

BCCH

MAIO = 1

MAIO = 4

MAIO = 7

TRX4 MAIO = 10

TRX3

4 TRX per cell

FL = 33.33%

Maximum carried traffic @2% = 23.72 Erl

# of MAIO = # of hoppers =>maximum number of TRXs per cell is limited by the number of available MAIOs (assuming single MAIO usage)

if additional TRXs required, MAIO already used in a neighbor sectors of the site has to be assigned to new deployed TRXs

9 introduction of permanent intra-site co-channel interference between certain TRX



General concept

3 - sector site with 6 hopping frequencies



Feature description

Dynamic MAIO Allocation (DMA) 9 to increase network capacity number of TRX installed per site have to

be increased over the number of hopping frequencies

9 MAIO reuse within site => continuous intra-site co-channel interference and adjacent interference within sector => radio quality degradation

9 to minimize intra-site interference DMA has been designed to select the best TS/MAIO pair using the common pool of MAIO on site level list of MAIO values is not divided into subsets for each sector, but it is

considered as common resources at site level

9 benefits of DMA remarkable especially in case of instantaneous inhomogeneous traffic distribution on site sectors



Feature description

Dynamic MAIO Allocation (DMA) algorithm9 DMA algorithm input

list of free time slots of the serving cell list of MAIO available for DMA table with the number of occurrences of dynamic MAIO values within

the site for each TS table with allocation state of dynamic MAIO values within the serving

cell for each TS

9 for each incoming voice call DMA selects a channel on the basis of the current MAIO utilization

state within the site algorithm operates on the entire TSxMAIO domain all MAIOs can be used and reused in all sectors of the site



Feature description

Dynamic MAIO Allocation (DMA) algorithm9 avoids the repetition of MAIO values in the serving cell

avoids intra-cell co-channel interference

9 minimizes the number of MAIO repetitions within the site number of channels affected by intra-site co-channel interference

9 controls the number of MAIO adjacencies in the serving cell number of channels affected by intra-cell adjacent channel

interference

9 controls the number of MAIO adjacencies within the site number of channels affected by intra-site adjacent channel

interference



Feature description

Mandatory requirements for DMA:9 dynamic MAIO Allocation applies to speech calls only (EFR, FR, HR, AMR FR,

AMR HR)9 synthesizer frequency hopping enabled9 the same MA within site (1x1 frequency reuse) 9 air interface synchronization among cells of the same site (intra-site

synchronization)9 cells within site must have the same HSNs

the assignment of different HSN in neighbour sites is also mandatory in case of inter-site synchronisation and it is recommended even if sites are not synchronised in order to prevent quality degradation in case of accidental synchronisation

9 in case of TRXs supporting GPRS, HSCSD - SMA must be applied when multislot configuration is used timeslot must belong to the same

frequency hopping law i.e. they must have the same MAIO (also HSN and MA)



Feature description

DMA simulations results

soft-blocked

23.72 TCH Erl/cellhard-blocked

30.5 TCH Erl/cell

ideal network (homogenous) 5 MHz band (12 TCH and 12 BCCH frequencies) voice codec AMR FR 5.9 kbps no performance of signalling channels considered (SACCH, FACCH)

Quality performance target

hard blocking rate



Dynamic MAIO Allocation application scenarios9 number of hopping TRXs per site > number of hopping frequencies in MA list

intra-site co- and adjacent channel interference can be decreased, capacity limits of SMA overcome

9 number of hopping TRXs per site < number of hopping frequencies in MA listnumber of hopping TRXs per site > 0.5 * number of hopping frequencies in MA list

(16.67% < FL 33.3%)

intra-site adjacent channel interference can be decreased9 (E)GPRS, HSCSD on BCCH TRX only

MAIOs considered as common resource at the site level9 (E)GPRS, HSCSD on hopping TRX

for TRXs supporting GPRS, HSCSD, SMA must be applied static MAIO values excluded from list of MAIOs used by DMA

Feature description



Capacity of the system can be limited by9 hard blocking9 soft blocking

Hard blocking all radio resources in use due to lack of free TS no more calls can be

established specific for loose frequency reuse patterns

Soft blocking capacity of cell limited by the level of interference (resources still available) specific for tight reuse patterns

Feature description



in high capacity networks with a high number of TRX installed in each cell and tight reuse patterns soft blocking happens prior to hard blocking interference level may exceed the critical (soft blocking) limit at which

the speech quality becomes unacceptable before all channels have been allocated

currently Admission Control for CS speech services is based on Hard Blocking new call request is rejected if all channels accessible for voice are busy

BR8.0 Admission Control (AC) feature is capable to identify the soft blocking limit AC is applied only to new CS speech service requests on the layer with

enabled DMA and to forced intra cell HO (reorganisation, enhanced pairing procedure)

all types of inter-cell handovers are handled in the usual way even if the DMA layer(s) of the target cell is (are) soft-blocked

Feature description



Admission Control due to Soft Blocking for CS speech services isbased on both:

Speech Quality Bad Quality Probability (BQP) - probability (percentage) of occurrence of speech

samples with FER over a certain threshold

BQP = P(FER > FERmax) FERmax FER threshold defined by operator QoS criterion related to the speech quality in a cell is met if BQP is below a certain

threshold called outage probabilityBQP = P(FER > FERmax) BQPmaxe.g. BQP(FER>2.5%) 5%

Effective Fractional Load at low traffic the reliability of BQP relatively low => decision for soft blocking quite

unreliable

Feature description

100*_8

___DMAmoballocDMABusyChanmeanDMAEFL nn =

nnn DMAHRmeanDMAFRmeanABusyChanDMmean __5.0___ +=



impact of BQP, FER threshold settings on capacity figures (based on simulation scenario - see slide 13)

Feature description

Quality performance target:

BQP



complete AC procedure comprises following two steps: calculation of mean BQP and EFL on DMA layer evaluation of the Soft-Blocking-Qualifier based on mean BQP and EFL

threshold comparisonSBQ evaluation

Feature description

ACLinkType = 0 - both UL BQP samples and DL BQP samples shall be collected; both BQP in UL and BQP in DL shall be estimatedACLinkType = 1 - only UL BQP samples shall be collected; only BQP in UL shall be estimatedACLinkType = 2 - both UL and DL BQP samples shall be collected; a single BQP value representing a common BQP for UL and DL

shall be estimated by merging the UL and DL BQP samples



complete AC procedure comprises following two steps: calculation of mean BQP and EFL on DMA layer evaluation of the Soft-Blocking-Qualifier based on mean BQP and EFL

threshold comparison

Feature description

DMAEFL _minDMAEFL _max

adjustable thresholds for the EFL for the DMA layer on a per cell basis

minimum EFL on the DMA layer in percentmaximum EFL on the DMA layer in percent



Feature description

pixel

CI

Interfering Cell Interfered Cell(Victim)

co-channel interference threshold = x dB- number of pixels in the service area: e.g. 400- number of pixels with C/I < x dB: e.g. 23

f1

f1Percentage of Traffic is interfered

Reduced Capacity/Cell

Soft Blocking

27 Erlang/site

19 Erlang/site



Interdependencies with other features

DMA and DMA AC can be applied only for CS speech services (e.g. EFR, FR, HR, AMR FR, and AMR HR)

maximum of two DMA layers can be configured in a cell depending on the cell type in a single band standard cell just one DMA layer is configurable in case of a Dual Band Standard Cell and EXT900 two different DMA layers (one

DMA layer per band) are configurable




in an EXT900 or Dual Band Standard Cell, if one DMA layer is soft-blocked, it is be possible to use the second DMA layer precondition: the latter has been configured and is not soft-blocked at the same time

DMA and DMA AC is not applicable to both dual band and single band concentric cells extended cells

AC operates only on the service layer with enabled DMA and is applied for each DMA layer separately

if the DMA layer is soft-blocked, the Resource Management should try to allocate the new CS speech service request on another layer of the same cell

precondition: such a layer has to be configured for this type of service




Network synchronization DMA requires that sectors within a site are synchronous at frame level and at time

slot level equal Frame Number and Burst Number Offset shall be used for all the sectors of

the site



DMA&DMA Admission Control operator benefits

Dynamic MAIO Allocation no MAIO planning is necessary (OPEX reduction) capacity enhancement in 1:1 frequency re-use networks improved trunking efficiency by considering the radio resources (MAIO) as a

common pool available at a site level rather than at a sector level

Admission Control achievement of maximum capacity at an acceptable quality

9 based on continuous supervising of both the speech quality and system load in the cell

customer is able to control the perceivable quality in the network by adjusting the relevant thresholds



Objects CFHSY Common FHSY defines the DMA hopping law shared by several BTS of the same BTSM two per CBTS (configurable in different bands)

CFHSY

BTSM

CFHSY

CBTS

BTS

Object CBTS - Common BTS groups the attributes shared by several BTS of the same

BTSM provides services of DMA enabling/disabling in all BTSs of

the same BTSM and all the DMA frequencies one per BTSM

Database parameters



Attribute Acronym / Attribute Name / Validity range / Default value

CBTS object attributes: CCALLF [x = 1..63] / commonCellAllocationF / 0..1023 / defines radio frequency usable in all BTS of the same BTSM ENDMA / enableDMA / TRUE, FALSE / FALSE indicates whether the DMA feature is activated or not ENDMA can be set to TRUE if in at least 2 equipped BTS ENDMA attribute is set to TRUE

CFHSY object attributes: HSN / 0..63 describes hopping sequence in use CMOBALLOC / commonMobileAllocation / CCALLF [x = 1..63] list of absolute frequencies used in hopping sequence: max 63 frequencies no NULL CCALLFx can be included in CMOBALLOC all frequencies must belong to the same band

Database parameters




CFHSY object attributes: SUBBAND / subordinateBand / GSM850, PCS1900, DCS1800, BB900, EB900 defines the band/sub-band to which CFHSY is applicable

Database parameters




BTS object new attributes: CCALL / commonCellAllocation / CCALLF / defines the list of frequencies inherited from CBTS BCCHFREQ and CALLF cannot use CCALLF frequencies ENDMA / enableDMA / TRUE, FALSE / FALSE indicates whether the DMA feature is activated or not ENDMA can be set to TRUE if HOP=TRUE and HOPMODE=SYNHOP ENDMA can not be set to TRUE in extended and concentric cells

TRX object new/modified attributes: TRXFREQ / carrierFrequency / BCCHFREQ, CALLF , CCALLF attribute is used to assign a constant radio frequency to a transceiver MAIO / maio / 0..63 / static MAIO to be applied to all subordinated channels for SMA or when ENDMA=FALSE

Database parameters




TRX object new/modified attributes: FHSYID / frequencyHoppingID / FHSY[0..10], CFHSY[0..1] / parameter represents the frequency hopping system identifier

CHAN object new/modified attributes: FHSYID / frequencyHoppingID / FHSY[0..10], CFHSY[0..1] default will be assigned by BSC, it depends on FHSYID of superordinate TRX

Database parameters




CHAN object new/modified attributes: MAIO / maio / 0..63 / default will be assigned by BSC, it depends on FHSYID of superordinate TRX no mixed configuration between SMA and SMA are possible between channels of the same

TRX

Other remarks DMA instance is active after creation of the corresponding CBTS and CFHSY objects and

after the EDMA attribute of the CBTS object has been set to TRUE. The algorithm will use the resources of the cells where ENDMA is TRUE

Database parameters



Attribute Acronym / Attribute Name / Validity range, unit / Default value

BTS object new attributes:

EAC / enableAc / TRUE, FALSE / EAC = TRUE: AC on cell basis is enabled EAC = FALSE: AC on cell basis is disabled AC can be enabled only if DMA is enabled both in the BTS and in the CBTS

ACBQPMAX / acBQPMax / [2.010.0], stepsize 1.0, [%] / 5.0% parameter specifies the maximum tolerated Bad Quality Probability (outage probability) in

the cell

ACFERMAX / acFERMax / [1.010.0], stepsize 0.5 , [%] / 5.0% parameter specifies the maximum tolerated FER for speech samples taken over 4 SACCH

periods

Database parameters





ACLNKTYP / acLinkType / {0, 1, 2} / acLinkType =1 parameter defines the type of samples to be collected and the way they are used for the

estimation of BQP Meaning:9 acLinkType =0 UL and DL samples shall be collected and separately evaluated9 acLinkType =1 only UL samples shall be collected and evaluated9 acLinkType =2 UL and DL samples shall be collected, merged and commonly evaluatedNOTE:ENHANCED MEASUREMENT REPORTING shall be activated if:

acLinkType = 0 or acLinkType = 2

Database parameters





ACPER / acPeriod / [20400], stepsize 4, [SACCH Periods] / 120 parameter specifies the Admission Control Period in SACCH periods ACBQPFF / acBQPFgtFac / [0.11.0], stepsize 0.1 / 0.2 to avoid the impact of stochastic fluctuation in BQP on AC decision the BQP values calculated in

each ACPeriod are averaged using an exponential filter with adjustable forgetting factor ()mean_BQPn = (1- ) * mean_BQPn-1 + * BQPn

ACEFLFF / acEFLFgtFac / [0.020.2], stepsize 0.02 / 0.04 to get an estimate of the traffic on the DMA layer of the cell the average number of busy

channels is calculated using exponential filter with an adjustable forgetting factor ()mean_ZZ_DMAn = (1- ) * mean_ZZ_DMAn-1 + * ZZ_DMAn (ZZ = FR or HR)

Database parameters





ACMAXEFLDMA / acMaxEFLDMA / [10100], stepsize 5, [%] / 50 parameter specifies the maximum EFL on the DMA layer of the cell ACMMINEFLDMA / acMinEFLDMA / [550], stepsize 5, [%] / 10 parameter specifies the minimum EFL on the DMA layer of the cell

Database parameters

Dynamic MAIO Allocation & DMA Admission Control DMA&DMA Admission Control DMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission ControlDMA&DMA Admission Control

01-br8.0 dma&dma admission control

Documents

WCDMA Admission Control

MGCP VoIP Call Admission Control

Network Admission Control Software Configuration Guide · Network Admission Control Software Configuration Guide Information About Network Admission Control 2 Network Admission Control

Call Admission Control(RAN13.0_02)

A Direction Based Call Admission Control

Renault DMA zRenault DMA zRenault · PDF fileRenault DMA zRenault DMA zRenault DMA zRenault Renault DMA zRenault DMA zRenault DMA zRenault CAT/28/1.0-EE

Prediction-Based Admission Control for IaaS …menasce/papers/CloudCom-Published.pdf · Prediction-Based Admission Control for IaaS Clouds with ... fubica@dsc.ufcg ... based admission

Control of Water Distribution Networks with Dynamic DMA ... · 1 Control of Water Distribution Networks with 2 Dynamic DMA Topology Using Strictly Feasible 3 Sequential Convex Programming

Admission Control

Chapter 10 DMA Controllerecen4002/manuals/dsp56300family/ch10-dma.pdf · DMA Operational Overview Motorola DMA Controller 10-3 DMA Control Register (DCR): A read/write register that

Call Admission Control(RAN16.0_01)

30May2012 Call Admission Control

Admission and Congestion Control Praticas Internas

VoIP Call Admission Control - Cisco - Global Home …...VoIP Call Admission Control Call Admission Control Overview 3 Figure 2 VoIP Network with CAC After the call is rejected, the

MULTI-TENANT ADMISSION CONTROL FOR FUTURE

ZTE UMTS Admission Control Parameters

23. Scatter-Gather DMA Controller Core · 2020-06-22 · Scatter-Gather DMA Controller Core Core Overview The Scatter-Gather Direct Memory Access (SG-DMA) ... and flow control for

Conventional and Unconventional Cellular Admission Control

RANPAR 5 Admission Control

Control Admission

Scheduling Mechanisms with Call Admission Control (CAC ...cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/27694/InTech-Scheduling_mechanisms_with_call... · Scheduling Mechanisms with Call Admission Control

Admission Control for Independently-authored Realtime

Call Admission Control(RAN13.0_03)

A PROPOSED DOUBLE MOVING AVERAGE (DMA) CONTROL

Call Admission Control Schemes in UMTS

Admission Control Mechanisms for Continuous Queries in the ... · Admission Control Mechanisms for Continuous Queries in the Cloud Keywords the cloud, admission control mechanisms,

Call Admission Control(RAN14.0_04)

Call Admission Control - cisco.com · Enabling the Call Admission Control Feature ... Intelligent Wireless Access Gateway Configuration Guide 4 OL-30226-06 Call Admission Control

1º control invierno DMA

Admission Brochure - Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila ... | design & ptd. by: DMA # 09312550335 Admission Brochure Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, Khanpur Kalan 2014-15 Under the

Admission and Congestion Control(ERAN8.1_03)

State for Tree Based Admission Control

Admission Control ZTE_Quyetnh1.docx

Measurement-Based Admission Control Algorithms

Measurement-Based Admission Control Algorithms admission control is a preventive congestion control method Bob Callaway, Joni Finlon, Susan Stewart Measurement-Based Admission Control