01 - contingency plan phillipines

8/9/2019 01 - Contingency Plan Phillipines

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CONTINGENCY PLANFOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

Contingency plan Philippines 1. Background and executive summary 1/65

Southeast Asia / Philippines

Version Nº: 1

Location (country, region/area): Philippines, Southeast Asia

Covering period: From Aug. to Dec. of 2010

Last update


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1 !AC"GROUN# AN# E$ECUTI%E SUMMARY

11 !a&'()oun*

Reasons for the CP implementation within the Philippines

The Philippines is very prone to different kinds of hazards. Located within a very active typhoon belt, anaverage of 20 typhoons visits the country annually. The country is also within the Pacific ‘ing of !ire"#alarge series of volcanoes encircling the Pacific $cean %www.worldatlas.co&, 20'0(. )t least fiveearth*uakes occur daily in the Philippines %P+-$L/, 200(. The country"s geographical and physicalcharacteristics &ay have significantly contributed to these %1epd, 2003(. !or the past few years, several&a4or natural disasters hit the country5 the 2006 7uezon and )urora Provinces landslides and flash floods8the 200 /outhern Leyte Province landslide that buried a whole village8 the 200 series of strong typhoons

that hit several provinces and 9etro 9anila, 200: )lbay Province &udflow fro& 9ayon -olcano8 and, the200; series of typhoons that flooded a great part of 9etro 9anila and other provinces.

)side fro& natural hazards, recurring ar&ed conflict besiege the Philippines. The conflict between thegovern&ent and rebel group 9oro sla&ic Liberation !ront %9L!( led to the displace&ent of close to300,000 people %


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d. develop standard operating procedures for overall &anage&ent and coordination of )!<Philippines &ission response to e&ergencies.

Limitations of the plan

!or practical reasons, this contingency plan prioritizes the nu&ber of hazards C risks that will be used forscenario building and the develop&ent of response strategy. t is, however, e>pected that the otherhazards C risks will be tackled and included in contingency planning for the co&ing years.

To co&e up with typhoon risk &ap, a study &ade by the 9anila $bservatory was based upon. +u&andevelop&ent inde> %+1( was updated to year 200:. The for&ula isk D +azard = -ulnerability =>posure was used. >posure was li&ited to the variable ‘population density". nviron&ent variables suchas presence of bodies of water, forest cover and others were not included, as such would be entirely anew study.

n &any literatures, capacity is included in the risk for&ula. !or the typhoon risk &ap, however, this wasnot used. There is no available literature yet that *uantifies and *ualifies governance and capacity perprovince.

Lessons learned in )!< responses to e&ergencies within and outside the country provide valuableinfor&ation and insights on how to better conduct activities, pro4ects and progra&s. +ence, thiscontingency plan should not be treated as final but as a ‘work in progress". 9oreover, changing socioBecono&ic, environ&ental and political situation in the country and the onset of cli&ate change &ay alterneeds and response prioritization for )!< every year. Thus, there is a need to update the plan regularly.

Scope and coverage

The contingency plan provides a blueprint for )!< response to e&ergencies throughout the wholecountry for the year 20'0. +azards and risks are based on de&ographic, cli&ate and geophysicalcharacteristics of provinces nationwide. The e&ergency scenarios are based on risks prioritized throughlikelihood and i&pact to population in the various regions and provinces. Euided by several criteria agreedupon by the Philippines coordination tea&, bases and pro4ects staff, the docu&ent presents responsestrategies and i&ple&entation plans for three key sectors5 nutrition, A)/+ and food security.

1+ Institutional poli&, an* -)a.eo)'

The i&petus for )!


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n the Philippines, )! works with different organizations and networks to contribute to risk reduction. )sa &e&ber of the Aater, /anitation and +ygiene %A)/+( luster, )! actively participates in its &eetings,activities and decisionB&aking processes. The luster is coBchaired by both ?


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Contingency plan Philippines 2. Context Analysis 6/65

+ CONTE$T ANALYSIS

Increasingvulnerability

Reference:www.observatory.ph

Fi ure 1. Vulnerabilit ma of the Phili ines.

Map source:www.wikipedia.com


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1 GENERAL #ATA

Capital: Manila

Area: 300,000 square kilometers

Population size: 88.57 million (2007), 94.01 million (2010 projected)

Growth rate: 1.931% (2010 estimate)

Geo-political subdivisions: 17 regions (Annex 1. Philippines Administrative Map), 80provinces, 138 cities, 1,496 municipalities, 42,025 barangays1

Major languages: Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eightmajor dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray,Pampango, and Pangasinan

Major religions: Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia niKristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none0.1% (2000 census)

Ethnic groups: Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)

HDI ranks: 105 (0.751) in 2009

Life expectancy: 71.6 years (2007)

GDP per capita: $ 3,300 (2009 est.)

Percentage of Population Living On Less Than $1.25 Per Day: 22.6 % (2006)

Families without Sustainable Access to an Improved Drinking Water Source: 17% (2007)

Monetary unit: Philippine peso

Main exports: semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment,garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits

International dialing code: +63

1 In the Philippines, the barangay is the smallest political unit. Several contiguous barangayscompose a municipality or a city. Several municipalities and cities compose a province. Severalprovinces compose a region. The three main islands of the country: Luzon, Visayas andMindanao are made up of several regions. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao(ARMM) is led by one Regional Governor, one Regional Vice Governor and 24 representatives

of Regional Legislative Assembly representing the eight districts of the five provinces and onecity of the region. The region has its own departments and bureaus that are independent with itscounterparts at the national level.


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+ CONTE$T ANALYSIS

+1 E&ono.i& 3 politi&al s,ste.Although the Philippines weathered the 2008-2009 global recessions better than itsregional peers, poverty in the country continued to worsen (www.cia.gov, 2010).Around 32.9 percent of the population is living below poverty line; around 23 percent ofthe population is living below $1.25 a day. Unemployment rate is increasing (8 percentin 2010, 7.5 percent in 2009, and 7.4 percent in 2008). The downward trend of theinflation rate (from 7.6 in 2005 to 2.8 in 2007) suddenly peaked in 2008 (9.3) beforedecreasing to 3.2 in 2009 (www.census.gov.ph, 2010).

Amidst the global financial meltdown, the onslaught of several typhoons that hit thecountry during the year and the peace and order problems in Mindanao, the Philippine

economy managed to grow by 3.8 percent in 2008. This growth was a decelerationfrom the 7.1 percent achieved during the high growth period of 2007. Major contributorsto growth were manufacturing, agriculture and fishery, TCS, and private services. All ofthe major sectors (agriculture, fishery, forestry, industry, service sector), however,decelerated in 2008 relative to 2007 (NSCB, 2010).

Across all basic sectors, children, women and urban poor consistently accounted forthe largest number of poor population; fishermen, farmers and children comprised thepoorest sectors. In a study done by the NSCB for 2006 (Annex 2. 2006 PovertyStatistics for the Basic Sectors), ARMM had the highest concentration of poor farmers,fishermen, senior citizen and urban population. CARAGA posted high povertyincidence of poor fishermen, migrant and formal sector workers. Regions IV, V, VI, VIIand VIII tallied the most number of poor children, while the highest concentration ofpoor women was observed in Regions IV-A, V and VI. Regions V and VI had the mostnumber of poor youth. Region III has a high concentration of urban poor. Along withRegion VI, it also had the highest magnitude of poor migrant and formal sectorworkers.

These are some of the facts that President Benigno Aquino III has to contend with ashe succeeds President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as head of government and of statestarting June 30 midday. The new president takes over from an intrigue-plaguedleadership, riding on a platform of anticorruption. Along with President Aquino, alsoelected were the vice president, 12 of 24 senators, party-list representatives,

congressmen, and, provincial, city and municipal local government officials. Thechange in leaders is widely seen as positive. Barangay elections will follow on October2010. An ARMM barangay election is expected on May 2011.

++ Population #ata an* Foo* E&ono., a)eas

Total country population is at 88.57 million in 2007 (Annex 3.2007 Population) Year2000 estimates place 59 percent of the population are residing in urban areas(www.earthtrends.wri.org, 2010). Region IV-A and NCR respectively record the highestpopulation, as both have highly urbanized areas.


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By production quantity, the major crops planted in 2008 are sugarcane, coconut, rice,banana and corn (www.nscb.gov.ph, 2010). Farms and coconut plantations are widelydispersed throughout the country (Manila Observatory, 2005). Palay remains as the

major temporary crop in 12 of 17 regions in the country while corn remains the majortemporary crop in Central Visayas, Northern Mindanao, Davao Region,SOCCSKSARGEN and ARMM. Coconut is considered the dominant permanent crop.Banana, however, is the top permanent crop in Cagayan Valley, Western Visayas,Davao Region and CAR; mango in Ilocos Region; and, pineapple in NorthernMindanao and SOCCSKSARGEN (www.census.gov.ph, 2002). Coconut oil is the topPhilippine export while iron and steel is the top import as of April 2010. However, thecountry also imports raw materials and food commodities such as rice, corn, wheat,dairy products, fish, fruits, vegetables and tobacco (www.census.gov.ph, 2010).

The high population in urban areas could be an effect of migration from rural areas andrapid conversion of agricultural lands into other uses. Migration may be fueled by more

opportunities for livelihood in urban areas. People from the rural areas may go to urbanand peri urban areas to seek employment (with companies or self-employment). This isconsistent with labor and employment status data showing that laborers and unskilledworkers comprise 32.5 percent of the labor force, while farmers, forestry workers andfishermen comprise only 16.7 percent (www.census.gov.ph, 2009). On the other hand,agricultural lands are dwindling because these are indiscriminately converted forindustrial uses and urban expansion (Domingo and Buenaseda, 2000).

+0 Gene)al in*i&ato)s 4ASH

Household with access to safe water

Around 82 percent of the household in the Philippines have access to safe watersupply (NEC, 2008), with Region VII having the lowest percentage (49 percent). Theavailable data on the access to safe water is rather arguable due to a probabledifference in definitions and safety standards in view of the healthimplications/exposure. The figure below shows the percentage of households haveaccess to safe water per province (NEC, 2008).

Around 77 percent of households in the country have sanitary toilet (NEC, 2008).ARMM recorded the lowest percentage (33 percent) of households with sanitary toilet,


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followed by Region VII (46 percent). In the poorest regions and remote areas, impropersanitation practices such as open defecation are still being practiced. The figure belowshows the regional wide coverage of sanitation (NEC, 2008).

At the local government level, especially in the low income or in poorest regions, theinvestments in WASH facilities/service are not a priority and adequate fundingallocations are not appropriated for WASH. In areas where the WASH coverage isinadequate, the households remain exposed to the risk of water related diseases, suchas diarrhea. The figure below shows acute water diarrhea as a leading causes of the

morbidity (NEC, 2008).


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Lack of awareness on WASH and availability of health service at the local level stillconsidered as one of the main obstacles. In remote and low income communities theWASH and health services remains limited and inaccessible to many. The figure shows

the coverage of Barangay Health Stations in the regions (NEC, 2008).

+ Gene)al in*i&ato)s FS

Poverty and food thresholds

Table 1. Poverty and food thresholds 2005-2007

Monthly Daily

2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007

Poverty threshold 5,916 6,003 6,195 195 198 204Phils.

Food threshold 3,896 4,024 4,162 129 133 137

Poverty threshold 7,859 7,945 8,061 259 262 266NCR

Food threshold 4,667 4,735 4,804 154 156 159

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

A family of five has to have a monthly income of Php 6,195 in order to address its foodand non-food needs. Of this amount, minimum of Php 4,162 should be spent for food.The low income class (comprising around 81 percent of the total number of families in2010), with an average income of Php 9,061, spends Php 4,658 a month for food(www.nscb.gov.ph, 2010).


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Table 2. Annual per capita poverty threshold for urban and rural areas 2005-2007

Urban - Rural Difference

All Areas

Urban

Areas

Rural

Areas Level %

2005 14,196 15,992 13,241 2,751 20.1

2006 14,405 16,429 13,659 2,770 20.3

2007 14,866 16,936 14,103 2,833 20.1

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

The table above shows that families in urban areas need to earn 20 percent more thanthe families residing in rural areas. Amount of urban-rural difference is increasing peryear but percentage difference is almost the same.

Food importation

From 1999 to 2003, the country imported around 10 percent of its rice consumptionrequirements (IRRI, 2010). It may surge to around 24 percent this year due toproduction losses incurred in last year’s series of destructive typhoons that hit MetroManila and other Luzon provinces (www.bloomberg.com.news, 2010). This is furthercompounded with the drought conditions experienced by 22 provinces throughout thecountry during the first half of the year (www.ndcc.gov.ph, 2010). Current price of well-milled rice is stabilizing to an average of Php 30 /kilo (www.nscb.gov.ph, 2010).

Cereals and cereal preparations was the third top import for 2010. It was up by 20percent from the previous year (www.census.gov.ph, 2010).

Inflation rate

Inflation rate for this year has been levelling between 4.2 and 4.4 percent. Inflation ismuch higher in NCR than in areas outside NCR (www.nscb.gov.ph, 2010). However,the rates are an improvement from highs in 2008 up to the first quarter of 2009.

+5 Gene)al in*i&ato)s Health an* Nut)ition

Immunization of 9-11 months children

The figure below (NEC, 2008) shows that the country has 81 percent full immunization.Region IV-B has the lowest percentage of children fully immunized among all otherregions.


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Mortality

The national crude death rate is 4.3 deaths per population of 100,000. Among all otherregions, Region VI has highest crude death rate. Maternal mortality rate is highest inCARAGA, while infant mortality rate is highest in NCR.

The figures below compare the maternal mortality and infant mortality ratesrespectively per region (NEC, 2008).


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Malnutrition

Proportion of undernourishment, number of undernourished and food deficit ofundernourished population in the country decreased from 1990 to 2006 (FAO, 2010). In2005 however, PIDS reported that Regions II, IV-B, V, VI and ARMM have highprevalence of underweight children (0-5 years old). While malnutrition rates have beendecreasing in most regions, the situation in ARMM has worsened. It recorded 38

percent malnutrition rate from 31 percent in 1990.

The figure below shows the malnutrition status per region (PIDS, 2005).


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To address malnutrition, the government undertook several projects including saltiodization, food fortification, nutrition education, supplemental feeding, and the food-for-school program in schools (DevPulse, 2008). In particular, the food-for school program

provided one kilo of iron-fortified rice every class day for 120 days to public elementaryschool children. As of 2008, around 6.7 million children have benefited from theprogram (DepEd, 2008).

Health services

The country has a few government health workers catering to the health needs of thepopulation. There are 0.3 physicians and 2.4 midwives / nurses per 10,000 people.This is most felt in Regions IVA, XI and ARMM (NEC, 2008). Many health workersprobably turned to the private sector or are leaving for work abroad because of betterpay. Figures below show the number of physicians and government nurses / midwivesrespectively per 10,000 populations (NEC, 2008).


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For the number of barangay health stations catering to the population, CAR has themost number of health stations to population (Please refer to figure on BHS perpopulation under WASH). It has 4 stations per 10,000 people. Metro Manila has the

least number, but this is compensated by the presence of public and private hospitals.ARMM has the next lowest number with only one per ten thousand people (NEC,2008).

Other health and nutrition data of regions and provinces gathered by NEC are annexed(Annex 4.Field Health Services Information System 2008).

+6 Anal,sis o- the national *isaste) )e*u&tion s,ste.

Generally, the NDCC depends on its local counterparts at the region to the barangaylevels to assess and respond to emergencies in their respective localities. It only callsfor international help when its capacity to respond is already at maximum. When it doesso, the Interagency Standing Committee or IASC (now called the Humanitarian CountryTeam) led by the UN Resident Coordinator becomes the vehicle for that internationalappeal.

The general response to the 2009 series of typhoons showed the varied degrees ofpreparedness among organizations and levels of government. In general, the responseto the disaster was good. However, several challenges hampered operations as citedby the Interagency Real Time Evaluation (IARTE). The local and national capacity toimmediately respond to the needs of displaced people was severely tested. Theinternational response, through Interagency Standing Committee and the Clusters, didnot systematically take into consideration the existing national capacities and

mechanisms. Coordination and prioritization of response activities as clusters was alsochallenging. Aside from some operational options, the RTE mission teamrecommended that disaster risk reduction must be prioritized in future funding (Annex5.IA-RTE Final Report)

The recent signing of RA 10121 (Annex 6. REPUBLIC ACT 10121 Part 1 and Annex 7.REPUBLIC ACT 10121 Part 2), or the Philippine Risk Reduction and Management Actof 2010, further strengthens the country’s disaster risk reduction and management. Thelaw does not only change the name of the NDCC into the National Disaster RiskReduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), but gives emphases to wholistic,multi-hazard, multi-sector, interagency and community-based approach to riskreduction and management. Moreover, the Act espouses rights-based and gender-

responsive approaches. It also emphasizes institutional capability building of LGUs andline agencies. It incorporates climate change and DRR into its national framework. Onevery important change from NDCC to NDRRMC would be the budget. The NDRRMCnow has a revolving fund for risk reduction, preparedness and mitigation, whereasbefore it does not have. Government agencies are also authorized to allocate a portionof their funds for DRRM activities. With the new law, the government affirms itscommitment to put equal emphasis on finding out the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Complimenting the passage of RA 10121 is the passage of RA 2583, or the ClimateChange Act of 2008 (Annex 8.Philippines Climate Change Act 2009). The Act providesfor the establishment of a commission that will serve as the policy-making body of thegovernment on climate change. It will also be tasked to coordinate, monitor and

evaluate related programs. This law mainstreams climate change adaptation within thenational, sector and local government plans and programs. It is important to note that


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this law allows relevant government agencies and LGUs to allocate funds for climatechange adaptation programs.

Since schools are used as evacuation centers in times of emergencies, the educationsector is gearing up to make schools safer and more child-friendly even in emergencysituations. The Department of Education collaborated with several organizations tocome up with and distribute a disaster risk reduction resource manual for schools. TheDepartment is also including climate change and disaster risk reduction into thecurricula of elementary and high school students. Although it has not been made into apolicy yet, school officials are contemplating on putting a limit on the days of stay ofIDPs and evacuees in schools and asking local officials to designate other alternativeevacuation centers. This is to help assure that the rights of children to education arefulfilled even during emergencies.

While the PRRM Act will create headway for the national government in making the

country more disaster-resilient, lots of work will have to be made for local governments.The challenge for past and on-going training for disaster preparedness, mitigation andrisk reduction that are hinged on the active participation of elected and appointedofficials is the sustainability of these programs. With the changes in municipal officialsdue to the local election and the nearing barangay elections, local governments willneed continual retooling and guidance from the NDRRMC and the NGOs. Mechanismsmay need to be put in place to ensure proper knowledge management transferenceand sustained education.

+7 %ulne)a2le ()oups an* a)eas

Maguindanao is the most vulnerable province because it has the lowest HDI. This isconsistent with poverty, WASH, health and nutrition estimates for the region. Next areSulu, Tawi-tawi, Basilan; Kalinga, Apayao, Ifugao; Nueva Ecija, Palawan, OccidentalMindoro; Antique, Iloilo, Negros Oriental; Camarines Norte, Catanduanes, Masbate;Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Western Samar; Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur,Davao Oriental, Compostela; Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, North Cotabato and Lanaodel Sur.

However, it must be noted that vulnerable sectors are present even in areas with highHDI. The 2009 typhoons has proven that the poor and marginalized are very vulnerableduring floods and typhoons since they are the ones usually situated in very risky areasfor habitation (DARA, 2010). Moreover, migration of indigenous people to urban areas

should also be taken into account. Their migration comes as a result of the loss oflivelihood, lack of social services or due to tribal conflicts. Because of the lack ofeducation and limited skills, they often face unemployment and poverty (www.un.org,2010). Majority (61 percent) of the indigenous people are in Mindanao while around 33percent are in Luzon (www.adb.org, 2002).

+8 Se&u)it, anal,sis

(Excerpted from www.aglobalworld.com, 2010)

The security situation has improved in most areas of the country in recent years.

The government of the Philippines is engaged in negotiations with communist andMuslim rebels. evertheless, rebel activity along with armed banditry in certainareas of the Philippines still poses potential security concerns.


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!lthough the ew Peoples !rmy is greatly reduced from its height in the 1"#0$s,P! insurgents remain active in mountainous and %ungle areas, including someparts of Mindanao and egros &sland as well as 'ue(on province and the ordillera

and *icol regions of +u(on. &n Mindanao, crime and insurgent activity may maetravel ha(ardous to and within the provinces of Tawi-Tawi, Maguindanao, +anao el/ur, +anao el orte, /ulu, *asilan, amboanga del /ur, amboanga del orte,orth and /outh otabato, and /ultan udarat.

The threat of terrorist action by etremists, both domestic and foreign, does eist inthe Philippines. There are periodic reports of plans for possible idnapping orterrorist acts aimed at 3./. government installations, public and private institutionsand means of transportation. 4owever, the ma%ority of these reports have not beenfollowed by terrorist action.

+9 Othe) )ele:ant

There is less than 0.1 % prevalence of HIV-AIDS in the country (UNICEF, 2008); although it issuspected that many cases are not reported to authorities.

In June 2009, the country recorded 1,709 confirmed cases of AH1N1. Most (86 percent) of thecases have fully recovered as of the last reporting date (DOH, 2009).

Since 2006, the Philippines has zero cases of foot and mouth disease (www.ausaid.gov.au,2008).

+1; Re-e)en&e an* 2i2lio()aph,

General:

• PNUD Human development reports by country: http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/

• CIA fact book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ • Prevention Web Serving the information for disaster risk

http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/

• Language: http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp

• http://www.census.gov.ph/ • http://www.nscb.gov.ph

• National Epidemiology Center (NEC). Field Health Services Information System AnnualReport. 2008.

• Estrella V. Domingo and Millicent Gay B. Buenaseda. In: http://www.unescap.org/stat/envstat/stwes-044.pdf

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philippines_HDI_map.svg • http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/List_of_Philippine_provinces_by_HDI

• http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/Philippines_2003_Annex_1.pdf • http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/6_session_factsheet2.pdf

• www.doh.gov.ph • http://www.ausaid.gov.au/media/release.cfm?BC=Media&ID=110_2440_8589_57_293 • DARA. Interagency Real Time Evaluation of the Humanitarian Response to Typhoons

Ketsana and Parma in the Philippines. 2010.

• http://www.aglobalworld.com

Economic:

•

http://www.worldbank.org/ • http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm

• http://www.trading-safely.com/sitecwp/cefr.nsf


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• http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/ap2007tx.html • http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-29/philippine-rice-imports-may-jump-by-24-

on-output-cuts-after-2009-typhoon.html

Conflict analysis:• Resource pack Conflict sensitive approach


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CONTINGENCY PLAN

FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

Contingency plan Philippines 3. Hazard and risk analysis 20/65

0 HA


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



thousand deaths when it rammed through several areas of Luzon and Visayas. It alsocaused around 13 billion pesos worth of damages (www.typhoon2000, 2010).

A table on the frequency of occurrence of hazards and the number of affected ispresented below (CDRC, 2010; Annex 9.2009 Philippine Disaster Report).

Table 2. Frequency of occurrence of hazards and number of affected for the last 10years

Hazard Number of affected (last 10years)

Frequency of occurrence(last 10 years)

Drought 439,357 10Earthquakes 126,647 43Floods 16,443,076 265

Tropical cyclones /

typhoons

58,142,006 121

Epidemics 238,486 163Insect infestations 451,904 58Landslides 264,770 186Volcano 330,153 8Waves / Surge 203,520 41Tornado 87,526 98Conflict/ Armedviolence

3,060,303 283

Anal,sis o- &u))ent potential th)eats

Hazard Type / DetailsHigh probability

(very likely to occurwithin the year)

Medium probability(likely to occur within

the year)

Low probability(small

likelihood tooccur within the

year)Natural disaster

Drought

Refer to drought sheet

- Meteorological

drought- Agricultural drought- Hydrologic drought- Socio-economicdrought

El Nino affectedcountry up to June2009. However, La

Nina episodeinitiated in thecountry towardsthe middle of theyear.

EarthquakesRefer to earthquakesheet

PHIVOLCS warned of apossible earthquake inMetro Manila.Government and Clustershave started preparing fora 7.2 magnitudeearthquake in MetroManila.

ExtremeTemperature Refer to extreme


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temperature sheet

- Heat waves

- Cold waves

Floods

Refer to flood sheet .

Some parts of thecountry will experienceperennial floodingtowards the 2

nd half of

the year duringmonsoon rains andtyphoons. Low-lying,riverside and seasideareas will be at risk.Many Metro Manilaareas are still at risk toflooding. La Nina

episode is alsoexpected to affect thecountry towards thesecond half of the year.

LandslidesRefer to landslide sheet

High probability tohappen during highrainfall intensity orprolonged precipitation,especially inmountainous and highslope areas.

VolcanoRefer to volcano sheet.

Mt. Mayon very activelast year. While its

activity has quieteddown, possibility of aneruption should not bediscounted. TaalVolcano already underAlert 2 status.

Waves / SurgeRefer to storm surgesheet.

People living nearseashores arevulnerable to surgesduring strong typhoons / storms. These havelocalised impacts.

Tropicalcyclones /typhoons

Refer to tropical cyclonesheet.

Yearly around 20

typhoons enter thePhilippine area ofresponsibility, 4-6 ofwhich are destructive.Localised tornadoshappened yearly fromyears 2000 to 2009.The trend suggests thatthese can happen alsothis year.

Insect

infestations Refer to insectinfestation sheet

Infestations wererecorded yearly fromyears 2000 to 2004. From

2004 to 2009, trendshows presence of


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infestation every otheryear.

Human-Made disaster

Conflict

Refer to conflict sheet.

In the past years, thegovernment engagedseveral armed groups(MILF, NPA, Abu Sayyaf)in combats. With peacetalks on-going, both thegovernment and thesecessionist MILF (MoroIslamic Liberation Front)may be wary ofescalating their conflictinto full scale. However,isolated cases of conflict

may be expected in someareas of ARMM andRegion XII. With theprotracted war ofideologist NPA (NewPeople’s Army) againstthe government, packetsof armed confrontationsmay also be expected inrural areas of the country.With terrorist group AbuSayyaf, armed conflictmay be limited to

provinces in ARMM.Health disaster

EpidemicsRefer to globalpandemic sheet.

The global pandemicAH1N1 seems to havereached a small portion ofthe population. There stillis some fear that it maymutate into a strongerstrain. Localised water-borne disease outbreaksmay occur in some ruralareas of the country.


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



5 Ris' p)io)ities

Very Low Low High Very High

6

(Risk Index: 18)

SEVERE

WEATHER,

STORM SURGE

(Risk Index: 24)

FLOOD,

LANDSLIDE,

DEBRIS FLOW or

SUBSIDENCE

Frequent

or very

likely

5

(Risk Index: 20)

VOLCANO

ERUPTIONS,WARFARE

Moderate

or likely

4(Risk Index: 16)

EARTHQUAKE

Occasional,

slight

chance

3Unlikely,

improbable

2

Highly

unlikely

(rare event)

1OTHER

HAZARDS?

(Risk Index: 4)

TSUNAMI

Very rare

event

1 2 3 4

frequency

severity

Risk index is the product between a score (from 1 to 6) in frequency and a score (1 to4) in severity. Based on the online Hazard-risk-vulnerability assessment (HRVA) tool,those within the red zone are frequent and have high severity. Floods and landslideshave the most frequency and highest severity. Next are armed conflicts and volcaniceruptions, followed by typhoons and storm surges.


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



6 Seasonal Ris' &alen*a)

Rainy season in the country is generally from June to December. The mean annualrainfall of the country varies from 965 to 4,064 millimetres annually(www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph, 2010). The southwest monsoon (May to October) bringswith it the heavy rains (http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/ht/ht005330.htm, 2010). However, there are many areas that experience fairly distributed rainfall throughout theyear. There are also areas that experience more pronounced rainfall from October toFebruary. Rain-induced landslides coincide with floods during these times.

Typhoons usually occur with heavy rains, but there are cases when rainfall is only light.Storm surges only happen when there are typhoons, and these affect only coastal

areas.

Seasonal risk calendar for Philippines is presented below. Armed conflict, volcaniceruption and earthquakes were not included in this figure.

Medium risk

High risk

MonthHazards

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

FloodsLandslidesWaves /SurgeWindstorms/ Hurricanes

7 Ris' Mappin(

The provinces most at risk to typhoons and floods are Pangasinan, Metro Manila,Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Batangas and Mountain Province (Annex 10.Typhoon riskmap). For volcanic eruption, Taal Volcano in Batangas and Mayon Volcano in Albayhave very recent activities, although there are other volcanoes that are still consideredactive (Annex 11.Volcanic eruption risk map). Armed conflict, though dispersedthroughout the country, will likely affect ARMM more than other regions because of on-and-off peace negotiations and clan wars (Annex 12.Armed conflict risk map). Forearthquake, Metro Manila scenarios were chosen, as these are also among prioritycontingencies among other organizations (Annex 13.Earthquake risk map).

8 Gene)al )esponse &apa&it,

Summarized below are some of the organizations working on emergencies anddisaster risk reduction. It must be noted that the Philippines has so many local and

international organizations working on emergencies. The tables below refer only tomembers of the Philippine International NGOs Network (PINGON) and the UN System.


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



Organization Field/Sectors AreaOxfam GB WASH, Food Security,

Livelihood, DRR, NFI

Can respond to emergencies anywhere in the

countryDescription: Current head of PINGON. Has recovery activities within Metro Manila, Rizal and Lagunafollowing the 2010 series of typhoons. Also has project in Maguindanao.

Organization Field AreaCatholic Relief Services Food Security, Livelihood,

Shelter, Peace Building,DRR, NFI

Can respond to emergencies anywhere in thecountry

Description: PINGON member. Has shelter projects in Bulacan and Rizal. Has regular Peace Building, FSand livelihood programs in Quezon, Bukidnon, Maguindanao, and other parts of Mindanao.

Organization Field AreaCFSI Protection, Food Security,

EducationCan respond to emergencies anywhere in thecountry

Description: Currently has protection projects in Rizal and Pangasinan. It also has education andprotection projects in Maguindanao.

Organization Field AreaSave the Children Education, Protection,

WASH, NFICan respond to emergencies anywhere in thecountry

Description: Currently has recovery and rehabilitation projects in Laguna, Maguindanao and NorthCotabato.

Organization Field AreaWorld Vision Protection, Education,

WASH, Shelter, NFIRegions X, XI and XII; Rizal Province

Description: Currently has projects in Rizal and in different parts of Mindanao.Organization Field Area

ADRA WASH, NFI Can respond to emergencies anywhere in thecountry.

Description: Recently finished response and recovery efforts in Laguna.

Organization Field AreaChild Fund Education, Protection Can respond to emergencies anywhere in the

countryDescription: Has response and recovery projects in Laguna, Pangasinan and in Mountain Province.

Organization Field AreaUN System Education, Food Security,

NFI, WASH, Shelter,Protection, Health and

Nutrition, CampManagement, Livelihood

Can respond to emergencies anywhere in thecountry


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



Description: Composed of organizations belonging to the UN family, the System responded to thoseaffected by Typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. On-going projectsrecovery and rehabilitation projects for complex emergency in Regions XII and ARMM.

The table below indicates response capacities of different organizations / entities. Thescores are from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest.

5 – with many trained deployable personnel and pre-existing in the at-risk areas;4 – with many trained deployable personnel, not pre-existing in at-risk areas but canoperate in areas with emergency;3 – with deployable personnel but few are trained2 – with few deployable personnel but none are trained1 – No deployable trained personnel, cannot operate in areas in emergency

Potential emergency needs Response capacity (From 1 to 5)

Localpopulation

Nationalagenciesthroughlocalcounterparts

Civildefense /military

ACFmission

UNSystem

Immediate needsSearch and rescue 3 3 4 1 1First aid 3 3 4 1 1

Emergency evacuation 3 3 4 1 1Water and sanitation needsDistribution, storage, processing 2 2 1 4 4Rehabilitation/development ofalternative sources

2 2 1 4 4

Disposal of excreta 2 2 1 4 4Disposal of garbage 2 3 1 4 4Personal hygiene 2 2 1 4 4Insect and rodent control 2 2 1 4 4Food and nutritional needsShort-term distribution 2 4 1 3 4

Long-term distribution 2 4 1 3 4Supplementary/curative feeding 2 3 1 2 4Agriculture 3 3 1 4 4Nutritional monitoring 2 3 1 2 4Shelter needsEmergency Shelter 2 2 1 3 4Buildings/structures 2 3 1 3 4Blankets 3 3 1 1 4Fuel for dwellings 3 3 1 1 4Kitchen utensils 3 3 1 1 4Safety and security needsWell-being 2 3 2 4 4Safety of beneficiaries 2 2 3 4 4Safety of Staff 2 2 4 4 4


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



Control of violence 3 3 4 2 2Control of abuse of power 2 2 2 2 2Other types of emergency

needs?Agreements with others partners 1 3 1 4 4Community disaster plans 1 1 1 3 3Community solidarity plans 1 1 1 3 3

Most of the scores of the local people are 2, although for immediate needs all scoresare 3. Oftentimes it is the local people themselves who initiate search and rescue.However, capacities and capabilities will differ from one region, province, city,municipality or barangay to another. Not everyone is trained to undertake someresponse measures. Capacities of local agencies as counterpart of national agencieswill also vary from place to place.

The military usually takes lead action in search and rescue activities and in cleaning /repairing infrastructures, but little else in other sectors. ACF mission, on the other hand,does not do search and rescue but has high capacity in responding through WASH andfood security. ACF scored 2 in nutrition because it does not have dedicated staff yet tothis sector.

9 ACF Response p)io)ities

The table below is used to choose the different scenarios that will be developed allalong the contingency planning process. Disasters are chosen according to the impacton HH and on the internal capacity of the organization/mandate/core competencies torespond quickly to the crisis.

Floods, typhoons, storm surges and landslides will be the first priority since thesehazards are frequent, have high impact on FS, nutrition and WASH, and ACF has highinternal capacity to respond to this emergency. Also, these hazards usually occurtogether so that they can be lumped together in one scenario.

Armed conflicts and volcanic eruptions will also be prioritized. These are imminentdangers that will affect many lives. Moreover, Taal Volcano is near ACF Metro Manilabase while Mayon Volcano is also near Bicol field base.

The Metro Manila earthquake will also be prioritized not only because of its impact onFS, nutrition and WASH but also because it will severely impact on the capacity andcapability of the Metro Manila base to operate and respond since it will also be severelyaffected.


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CONTINGENCY PLAN



Riskindex

Very lowInt

Capacity

low IntCapacity

high IntCapacity

Veryhigh Int

Capacity

6.

Floods,

typhoons,

Storm

surges

landslides

Frequent or

very likely

5.

Armed

conflict ,volcanic

eruption

Moderate or

likely

.

Earthquake !ccasional"

slight

chance

#.$nlikely"

i%pro&a&le

'.(ighly unlikely

)rare i%pact*

I%pact

on F+"

,ut"

-+(

/. Very rare

i%pact

C( Internal response capacities0core co%petencies

1; Ris' e>posu)e in*e> an* .appin(

Maps are annexed (Annexes 10 to 13).

11 Re-e)en&e an* 2i2lio()aph,

Disaster resources database:

• Prevention web http://www.preventionweb.net/english/maps/?pid:34&pih:2

UN- Mortality Riskindex.pdf


30/65

CONTINGENCY PLAN



• EM-DAT: http://www.emdat.be/Database/CountryProfile/countryprofiles.php • UN: http://gridca.grid.unep.ch/undp/

• CRED: http://www.cred.be/

• Mortality, Nutrition, Vaccination coverage: http://www.cedat.be/data • NGOs list : http://www.ngo-ong.org/spip.php?page=sommaire&id_rubrique=4# • &C'A Disaster Response Preparedness oolkit Disaster Risk Analysis • =lo8al Risk data Platorm

• http://pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm • http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/ht/ht005330.htm • http://zip-codes.philsite.net/metromanila_map.jpg


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Contingency plan Philippines 4. Scenarios building 31/65

SCENARIOS !UIL#ING

1+ S&ena)ios

CONTINGENCY A : Typhoons, floods, landslides, storm surges

ScenarioDescription ofevent / trigger

indicator

Affected AreaAffected people Impact

Aggravating factors /Specific vulnerable

groupsBest casescenario

Occurrence oftyphoons, floods,storm surges,flash floods and /or rain-inducedlandslides

Up to Signal No.1 typhoon

Flood watersubsides within15-30 minutes

Both rural andurban centers areaffected

10 percent of totalpopulation areaffected

Roads stillpassable; minordamages

10 percent ofinfrastructure,agriculture andlivelihood areaffected /damaged

Up to 1 daydisruption tomajor lifelines

Aggravating factor: Iftyphoon hits low riskareas (see risk map)

People in low-lying andcoastal areas

Most likelyscenario

Occurrence oftyphoons, floods,storm surges,flash floods and /or rain-inducedlandslides

Signal No. 2typhoon

Flood water

subsides within 1-2 hours

Both rural andurban centers areaffected.

30 percent of totalpopulation areaffected

30 percent ofinfrastructure,agriculture andlivelihood areaffected /damaged

Disruption oflifelines in someareas for 2-3days

Some difficulty inthe transport ofgoods because ofdamage to roads;inflation of pricesof goods

Aggravating factor: Iftyphoon hits mediumrisk areas (see riskmap)

Those living nearbodies of water, low-lying areas, near dams,under bridges, nearcanals, in mountainousareas are at risk.

Those resettled inareas that are not safefrom multi hazard arealso at risk. Peopleliving in light to semi-light material housesare also vulnerable.

Worst casescenario

Occurrence oftyphoons, floods,storm surges,flash floods and /

or rain-inducedlandslides

Both urban andrural areas areaffected

Equal to or morethan 40 percent of

At least 1-weekdisruption ofmajor servicesand lifelines

(telecom,electricity, water

Aggravating factor: Iftyphoon hits high riskareas (see risk map)

Those IDPs that arestill living in IDP camps


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Signal No. 3 and4

Flood water doesnot subside within2 hours and maylast for days,weeks or months

population areaffected

services,hospitals, etc.)

Disruption of sea,land and airtravels

Destruction andsiltation in farms,fish ponds,plantations

Outbreak ofwater-bornediseases

Food shortage

Schoolingsuspended andschools used asevacuationcenters

Price inflation

NDCC alreadycalls forinternationalassistance

and house-based set-ups

Those living nearbodies of water, low-lying areas, near dams,under bridges, nearcanals, in mountainousareas are at risk.Those resettled inareas that are not safefrom multi hazard arealso at risk. Peopleliving in light to semi-light material houses

are also vulnerable.

Many of those in MetroManila andneighbouring provincesthat were affected inlast year’s typhoonsare informal settlersthat went back to at-risk places (underbridges, near rivers,

etc.)

CONTINGENCY B : Volcanic eruption


indicator




Level 1 warningfrom PHIVOLCS

for volcanicactivity

Around 13,000people people

living within theeffective dangerradius areevacuated tosafer areas

Disruption ofclasses in

schools used asevacuationcenters

Discomforts forboth displacedand currentstudents in thehost schools

Disruption ofeconomic

activities of thedisplaced people

Pregnant and lactatingwomen, nutritionally-at-

risk children / children,persons withdisabilities, IPs, seniorcitizen in theevacuation centers


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Increased risks tocommunicablediseases of those

in the evacuationcenters

Decreasedaccess to food,potable water,latrines

Increase innumber oftourists

Most likely

scenarioLevel 2 warningfrom PHIVOLCSfor volcanicactivity

Around 70,000people livingwithin theeffective dangerradius areevacuated tosafer areas

Disruption ofclasses inschools used asevacuationcenters

Discomforts forboth displacedand currentstudents in thehost schools

Disruption ofeconomicactivities of thedisplaced people

Increased risks tocommunicablediseases of thosein the evacuationcenters

Decreased

access to food,potable water,latrines

Increase innumber oftourists

Pregnant and lactatingwomen, nutritionally-at-risk children / children,persons withdisabilities, IPs, seniorcitizen in theevacuation centers

Worst casescenario

Eruption ofvolcano

Around 150,000people livingwithin the dangerzones

Disruption ofeconomicactivities of thedisplaced people

Destruction ofproperties within

Pregnant and lactatingwomen, nutritionally-at-risk children / children,persons withdisabilities, IPs, senior

citizen in theevacuation centers


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the danger zones

Ash fall covers

many farm landsand fish ponds inthe vicinity ofBatangas andLaguna hinderingcrop and fishproduction

Increased risks tocommunicablediseases of thosein the evacuation

centers

Decreasedaccess to food,potable water,latrines

Increasedincidence ofprostitution,forced migration

and petty crimes

Farm laborers / farmersand fish pond workers /

fisher folks in the areasaffected

Those with healthrespiratory problemsare also at risk

CONTINGENCY C : Armed conflict


indicator




Armed conflictbetweengovernment andNPA or

government andMILF

Sporadic fighting

2 provinces:Maguindanao andNorth Cotabatofor GOP-MILF

Bicol, CARAGAregions for GOP-NPA

100,000 peopleaffected but notall displaced

Partial damage toagriculture andinfrastructure

Presence of otherarmed threats /conflicts (family feuds,tribal wars, kidnap-for-

ransom groups likeAbu Sayyaf andPentagon)

Women, children,elderly, PWD, pregnantand lactating, farmers,IPs, fishermen andfarm workers arevulnerable

Most likelyscenario

Armed conflictbetweengovernment andMILF

4 provincesaffected inRegions X, XIIand ARMM

Displacement 1-2weeks

Damages to vital

Presence of otherarmed threats /conflicts (family feuds,tribal wars, kidnap-for-


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500,000 affected;400,000 displaced;

100,000 withdamagedproperties;100,000 may suffernatural disastereffects

infra;malfunctions anddisruption of

markets

ransom groups likeAbu Sayyaf andPentagon)


Worst casescenario

Failure of peacetalks; all-out warbetweengovernment andMILF

9 provincesaffected inRegions IX, X, XI,XII, ARMM

1 million affected;800,000 aredisplaced; 500,000in IDP camp, while300,000 arehouse-based

More than 2weeksdisplacement

Destruction offarms, majorinfrastructure

Inaccessibility offishing grounds tofisher folks

Inaccessibility offarm to farmers

Congestion in

IDP camps

High incidence ofillnesses / water-born diseasesand deathsespecially amongchildren andmothers

Increase inmalnutrition

Traumatic cases

Selling ofproperties

Increase inincidences ofhuman rightsviolation / sexualabuse

Presence of otherarmed threats /conflicts (family feuds,tribal wars, kidnap-for-ransom groups likeAbu Sayyaf andPentagon)


Restriction of

movement ofhumanitarian workers

Inaccessibility to IDPsmost of the time due toroad blocks

Frequent transfer ofIDPs from one place toanother


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CONTINGENCY D: Earthquake


indicator




Magnitude 5 orless; with somedebris falling(soil, rocks,others)

Metro Manila Old buildingscracked; housesmade of lightmaterials withminor damages;some peopleshocked; somepanic

Pregnant and lactating;elderly; persons withdisabilities; children

Most likelyscenario

Magnitude 6 Metro Manila Minor damage toroads, buildings,houses; lifelines

disrupted from aday to a few days

Secondary hazards:landslide, falling debrisand fire in some areas

Pregnant and lactating;elderly; persons withdisabilities; children

Worst casescenario

Magnitude 7 andup

Metro Manila; 3million affectedwith 750,000displaced;neighbouringprovinces may

also be affected

Buildings andhouses destroyedor heavilydamaged; majorroads impassabledue to heavy

damage; lifelines(electricity, water,communications)cut for 1 week ormore; hospitalsand healthcenters severelydamaged andwith minimumpersonnel; verylimited access tofood; disruption of

trading /businesses

Very high numberof injured anddeaths

Possible panicbuying, hoardingand civil discorddue to foodshortage

Many stress-

Several strongaftershocks follow

Secondary hazards:landslides in manyareas, falling debris,

fires, tsunami (ManilaBay), volcanic eruptionin provinces withvolcanoes

People staying in areaswith many high-rise orold buildings are verymuch vulnerable;Pregnant and lactating,elderly, persons withdisabilities, children are

also very vulnerable

The nationalgovernment, UNagencies and manyinternational/localorganizations locatedin Metro Manila areseverely challengedbecause they are alsovictims


37/65



related problemssurfacing

10 P)o2le. t)ee

Root causes of problems associated with food security, nutrition and WASHin the scenarios were listed using problem trees. To summarize, here arethe root causes in the different scenarios:

Typhoons: Most likely to worst case

1) Food insecurity - no / lack of income, no farm / fishing activity, damagedfarms / fisheries, inputs and implements, damaged roads, higher prices

of goods2) Malnutrition – no farm / fishing activity, higher prices of goods, smallamount of food given in evacuation centers

3) WASH (increased morbidity and mortality) - damaged latrines, damagedwater systems / piping connections

Volcanic eruption: Most likely to worst case

1) Food insecurity – destruction of farms / fishing grounds, loss of farm /fishing implements, lack of livelihood alternatives

2) Malnutrition - no farm / fishing activity, higher prices of goods, smallamount of food given in evacuation centers

3) WASH – lack of hygiene facilities, poor hygiene practices, inadequatesanitary toilets, inadequate water facilities, poor waste facilities, poorwaste management practices

Armed conflict: Most likely to worst case

1) Food insecurity – destruction of properties, loss of tools / equipment andfarm / fishing inputs, no farm activity because of displacement, diversionof family financial resources for livelihood to food and basic necessities

2) Malnutrition – water facilities are not enough where populations arecongested, no livelihood activities, restriction of movement to where thefood is

3) WASH – lack of hygiene knowledge, lack of hygiene kits and supplies,lack of hand washing and bathing facilities, insufficient number oflatrines, poor waste management, lack of potable water supply

Metro Manila earthquake: Most likely to worst case

1) Food insecurity – hoarding, panic buying, damaged food storagefacilities, damaged road network and communication system

2) Malnutrition – hoarding, panic buying, damaged food and storagefacilities, damaged road network

3) WASH – damaged health facilities, lack of attending personnel, lack of

hand washing / bathing facilities, lack of latrines, damaged pipelines andwater sources, increased practice of open defecation, no propergarbage disposal


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Problem trees are in Annexes 14 to 16..

1 Lin'in( s&ena)ios an* )esponse plan

Contingency plan Description Support documentsScenario Occurrence of typhoons,

floods, storm surges, flashfloods and / or rain-induced landslides; or

Signal No. 2 typhoon; and

Flood water subsideswithin 1-2 hours

Problem trees (Annexes 14, 15, 16)

Solution Tree (Annexes 17, 18, 19)

Response strategy Food insecurity – increaseaccess to food and marketfacilities, livelihood andmarketing activities, and,provide farm and fishinginputs

Malnutrition – increasefood given in evacuationcenters

High morbidity and

mortality – installation oflatrines, and, rehabilitationof water system, pipelines,connections and watersources

Implementation plan Food security – food aid,cash-for-work forrehabilitation of irrigationfacilities, general freedistribution of farm / fishingequipment and inputs

Nutrition – rapid healthassessment, rapid nutritionassessment,supplementary nutritionprogrammes, communitymobilization programmeswhen situation lasts forweeks

WASH – civil engineering,quick-fixing of water

network, chlorination,construction / rehabilitationof communal latrines,

LFA (Annex 20.LFA)


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water trucking, distributionof hygiene kits andhygiene promotion,

construction of hand wash,laundry and bathingfacilities, water treatmentby batch system, solidwaste management

Operational support planPreparedness plan andbudget

List of task and responsibilitiesPreparedness budget

Intervention budget Budget

Contingency plan Description Support documents

Scenario Level 2 warning fromPHIVOLCS for volcanicactivity


Solution Tree (Annexes 17, 18, 19)Response strategy Food insecurity – provision

of income-generatingprojects, farm / fishingimplements, andalternative livelihood

Malnutrition – increasefood amount given inevacuation centers

High morbidity andmortality – installation oflatrines, and, rehabilitationof water system, pipelines,connections and watersources

Implementation plan Food security – food aid,cash voucher, provision ofalternative livelihood

Nutrition - rapid health

assessment, rapid nutritionassessment,supplementary nutritionprogrammes, communitymobilization programmeswhen situation lasts forweeks

WASH – quick-fixing ofwater network,chlorination, construction /rehabilitation of communallatrines, water trucking,distribution of hygiene kits

LFA (Annex 20.LFA)


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and hygiene promotion,construction of hand wash,laundry and bathing

facilitiesOperational support planPreparedness plan andbudget



Contingency plan Description Support documentsScenario Armed conflict: 4 provinces

affected in Regions X, XIIand ARMM

500,000 affected;400,000 displaced;100,000 with damagedproperties; 100,000 maysuffer natural disastereffects


Solution Tree (Annexes 17, 18, 19)

Response strategy Food insecurity –rehabilitation of farms,provision of tools andequipment, allotment offinancial capital, financialaid

Malnutrition – providemore food / access to food

High morbidity andmortality – hygienepromotion, provision ofhygiene kit supplies andhand washing / bathingfacilities, provision oflatrines, provision of wastedisposal materials,

provision of potable watersupply

Implementation plan Food security – generalfree distribution of farminputs and tools, seedsand tools, cash-basedincentives, provision ofalternative livelihood

Nutrition - rapid healthassessment, rapid nutritionassessment,supplementary nutritionprogrammes, community

LFA (Annex 20.LFA)


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mobilization programmeswhen situation lasts forweeks, therapeutic

nutrition programme

WASH – construction ofcommunal latrines,distribution of watertablets, construction /rehabilitation of wells,water trucking, hygienepromotion and distributionof hygiene kits,construction of communalshowers, provision of

garbage bins, mosquito netdistribution, potties andnappies distribution




Contingency plan Description Support documentsScenario Magnitude 6 earthquake in

Metro ManilaProblem trees (Annexes 14, 15, 16)

Solution Tree (Annexes 17, 18, 19)Response strategy Food insecurity – provisionof food / cash, restore foodstorage facilities, havealternative routes for fooddelivery

Malnutrition – provision offood

High morbidity andmortality – improve access

to hygiene, sanitationfacilities and water potablesupply

Implementation plan Food security – food-for-work, food aid

Nutrition - rapid healthassessment, rapid nutritionassessment,supplementary nutritionprogrammes, communitymobilization programmeswhen situation lasts forweeks

LFA (Annex 20.LFA)


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WASH – communallatrines, school latrines,

communal bathingfacilities, construction /repair of water sources,water trucking, watertreatment / chlorination,distribution of hygiene kits




15 Re-e)en&e an* 2i2lio()aph,

www.ndcc.gov.ph


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Contingency plan Philippines 5. Response planning 43/65

5 RESPONSE PLANNING ? O!@ECTI%ES AN# STRATEGIES

16 Response plan

• Solution T)eeSolutions to root problems are summarized below:

Typhoons• Food insecurity – increase access to food and market facilities,

livelihood and marketing activities, and, provide farm and fishing inputs

• Malnutrition – increase food given in evacuation centers • High morbidity and mortality – installation of latrines, and, rehabilitation

of water system, pipelines, connections and water sources

Volcanic eruptioni. Food insecurity – provision of income-generating projects, farm / fishing

implements, and alternative livelihood ii. Malnutrition – increase food amount given in evacuation centers iii. High morbidity and mortality – installation of latrines, and, rehabilitation

of water system, pipelines, connections and water sources

Armed conflict• Food insecurity – rehabilitation of farms, provision of tools and

equipment, allotment of financial capital, f inancial aid • Malnutrition – provide more food / access to food • High morbidity and mortality – hygiene promotion, provision of hygiene

kit supplies and hand washing / bathing facilities, provision of latrines,provision of waste disposal materials, provision of potable water supply

Metro Manila earthquake• Food insecurity – provision of food / cash, restore food storage facilities,

have alternative routes for food delivery • Malnutrition – provision of food

• High morbidity and mortality – improve access to hygiene, sanitationfacilities and water potable supply

Solution trees are annexed (Annexes 17 to 19).

• A&ti:it, sheetsTyphoons• Food security – food aid, cash-for-work for rehabilitation of irrigation

facilities, general free distribution of farm / fishing equipment and inputs • Nutrition – rapid health assessment, rapid nutrition assessment,

supplementary nutrition programmes, community mobilization

programmes when situation lasts for weeks • WASH – civil engineering, quick-fixing of water network, chlorination,


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Contingency plan Philippines 5. Response planning 44/65

construction / rehabilitation of communal latrines, water trucking,distribution of hygiene kits and hygiene promotion, construction of handwash, laundry and bathing facilities, water treatment by batch system,

solid waste management

Volcanic eruptions• Food security – food aid, cash voucher, provision of alternative

livelihood • Nutrition - rapid health assessment, rapid nutrition assessment,

supplementary nutrition programmes, community mobilizationprogrammes when situation lasts for weeks

• WASH – quick-fixing of water network, chlorination, construction /rehabilitation of communal latrines, water trucking, distribution ofhygiene kits and hygiene promotion, construction of hand wash, laundryand bathing facilities

Armed conflict• Food security – general free distribution of farm inputs and tools, seeds

and tools, cash-based incentives, food aid, provision of alternativelivelihood

• Nutrition - rapid health assessment, rapid nutrition assessment,supplementary nutrition programmes, community mobilizationprogrammes when situation lasts for weeks, therapeutic nutritionprogramme

• WASH – construction of communal latrines, distribution of water tablets,construction / rehabilitation of wells, water trucking, hygiene promotion

and distribution of hygiene kits, construction of communal showers,provision of garbage bins, mosquito net distribution, potties and nappiesdistribution

Metro Manila earthquake• Food security – food-for-work, food aid • Nutrition - rapid health assessment, rapid nutrition assessment,

supplementary nutrition programmes, community mobilizationprogrammes when situation lasts for weeks

• WASH – communal latrines, school latrines, communal bathing facilities,construction / repair of water sources, water trucking, water treatment /chlorination, distribution of hygiene kits

Sample LFA, see annex 20Activity sheets are in Annexes 21, 22 and 23.

• Con&ept pape)

Concept papers are in Annex 24.


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Contingency plan Philippines 6. Management and coordination 45/65

6 O%ERALL MANAGEMENT AN# COOR#INATION / SOPs

17 Inte)nal Coo)*ination

• Emergency phases and trigger indicators

The case for any emergency intervention will be based on the scale and impact of thedisaster, supported by assessment reports and justification. Initial activities for apossible/imminent response will follow the triggers or in case of the scenario spells-outfor an emergency response at the mission level. If preliminary decision is taken basedon the initial data or monitoring, in coordination with HQ, to start with response

activities, the CP will be activated and necessary management and coordinationmechanism will be put in place. The management and coordination mechanism willdepend on the scale of impact and recourses available at the time of the disaster. Ad-hoc measure and mechanisms will be considered or established based on the eachsituation/event at the mission level.

Triggers/Indicator for possible emergency response

To consider any response, the mission will consider triggers/indicator to assess andmake initial decision for response. These triggers/indicators will have to assess in linewith ACF mandate and scale/magnitude of the even/disaster. In general the any of the

following triggers/indicators can be considered for the activation of CP, start-upactivities and possible emergency response by ACF in the country.

Events Trigger IndicatorThe declaration of national state ofcalamity/ As per instructions of thePresident

Province/City/region/municipalitydeclaration of calamityProvince/City/region/municipalityrequests for assistance following anevent/disasterUpon declaration of “Code Blue” bythe DOH ; Drought/food shortage byDoAAs directed by the NDCC Chairmanor the NDCC Executive Officer

Following adisaster (naturalor manmade)andfollowing ACFcore Mandate

UN-OCHA/Cluster Appeal orrequested for assistance followingan situation/event/disaster

Significant deterioration in thecovering of the basic needs thatexceeds the reaction capacity of themost vulnerable people

Clear definition of vulnerabilitysituation

Clear definition of the expected

positive impact from ourintervention: assistance andprotection

A thorough analysis about theavailable resources

Upon validation and confirmation of any one of the above triggers, ACF shall start withdeclare possible response operation and commence activities at the mission level.


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The decision will be taken in coordination with HQ, leaded by HoM.

Figure 1. HQ level ER System activation process

MISSION

TRIGGER/

INDICATOR

VALIDATIONCOORDINATION (CLUSTERS/

INGOs/UN/LGUs etc)

DECISION

MERT:

MONITORIN

Continues

YES:

RESPONSE

NO:

RESPONSE

Eme!enc" Poo#

CP $cti%$tion

Figure: CP activation process at mission level


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The activation of the CP should be lead by the mission. The role of theEmergency Pool at this stage is providing technical assistance. Once thedecision was made for the response/activation of CP, the request for external

resources (*) (human, financial and/or material) to HQ will be decided. Thisdecision will be based on the following and will be decided on ad-hoc and/orcase-to-case basis:

1. Scale/magnitude of the event/disaster- Number Population affected/impacted- Geographic coverage of the impact

2. Mission capacity for response at the time of the disaster/impact- Possibility of implementing emergency activities versus on going workload

of the mission at the time (other engagements/deadlines)3. Funds availability at mission level for emergency response4. Other stakeholders capacity and coverage areas by others

5. Added value of ACF intervening in emergency and coherence with the CP

(*) If external resources are requested, the mission elaborates the Information andRecommendation Form (IRF), see attached document (Annex 25.IRF). IRF is thereference document used by HQ to make decisions. Final decisions on providingsupport will be made by HQ.

The figure below shows the possibilities of engaging MERT and ER Pool inresponse at the mission level. In case the response is led by HQ ER Pool andMERT is not available to work with the HQ Pool, the DRR/CP coordinator of themission should be involved and support the response from the beginning. Theaim of this is to:

- Capitalize the response/lessons learnt- Strategise follow-up response and programming after ER Pool- Facilitate coordination with stakeholders and Monitoring- Update CP- Ensure sustainability

Figure. Overall process ‘Triggers to Response”


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Management, Coordination and Response by Mission MERT

The mission will take the responsibility over the entire response and coordination,under the lead of the HoM, supported by the coordinator (departments) and MERT.The DRR/CP coordinator will support the MERT response through monitoring andupdating of the CP at the mission level. The monitoring and updating will continuebeyond the emergency phase when situation normalise in the country level. Thestructure below shows the proposed MERT for the mission.

&OM

DRR/CP

Coo'in$to

&oP

tec* +om

e$c* ,$se

&oP

tec* +om

e$c* ,$se

&oP

tec* +om

e$c* -$se

ADMIN .Suot

+om e$c*

,$se

Lo! .Suot

+om e$c*

,$se

Coo'

0AS&/DRR

Coo'

A'minCoo' 1S

Coo'

Lo!

Coo'

Nut

Poose' Mission Eme!enc" Resonse Te$m (MERT)

Figure: Mission Emergency Response Team

Based on the assessment conducted by the during the CP designing, staff will beselected from each base to be part of the MERT member (based onexperience/willingness) and trainings and coaching will be provided to enhance themission internal capacity for emergency response. Primary role of the MERT to answerthe missions needs immediately after an event/disaster. The period of engagement ofMERT members in emergency will be decided ad-hoc basis and case-to-case basisdepending on the evolution of the emergency situation.


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MERT Role and Responsibility

The responsibility of each departments during the emergency and different faces were

identified as shown in the table below during the CP training workshop conducted by16-20 August 2010 in Manila.

Technical DepartmentsPhase Responsibility

Convene all MERT membersPlan and delegate on-going project related activities (i.e., staffing)Orientation and levelling off on the situationCoordination with all stakeholders

initial Phase*

Pre-assessment/secondary data collection and analysisTool (selection/methodology, process)

Actual conduct of assessment (WASH/FS/Nut)Analysis, reporting, recommendation for intervention (includingproposal)

Assessment

Coordination and sharing of information with stakeholdersEnsure internal preparations and coordination with log and admin iscompleteCoordinate with stakeholders (LGUs, cluster etc..): orientation andagreement should be done when and when necessaryDefining selection criteria; Barangay/beneficiary selection =participatoryDistribution plannining: venue, schedules, security, visibilitySensitization (lobbying and advocacy) = vulnerable group/basicneeds etcActual response following the proposed activities

Implementation

DocumentationPost Distribution/delivery Monitoring, EvaluationReporting: Final and othersMonitoring: coordinate with actors on response done, additionalgaps, possible future intervention etcSupport early recovery activities: Assessment and proposal writingTurn-over of facilities/equipments to stakeholders in coordinationwith logistic and missionCapitalization

Post Emergency/response

Linking emergency > recovery > development (integrating cross-cutting issue)

*Immediately after activation of CP

Logistic DepartmentPhase Responsibility

Assess market, security, accessibility, communication and transportSupport logistic needs of the technical department (transport,equipments etc)Set-up of temporary office and arrangement of accommodationReportingMonitoring the movement of the team

Rapid Assessment/Initialphase*

Identification of procurements and procurements that needs


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derogation (in coordination with technical department)BudgetingLogistic planning for response

Mobilization log teamFormulation of distribution plan in coordination with technical team(identify rule/flow etc.)Ensure of security of HR, equipments and goodsWarehouse and store managementEnsuring functionality, appropriateness and adequacy ofequipmentsProcurement of identified needsInstallation of office and equipments

Response

VisibilityReporting/archiving (documentation)

Providing support o technical departments for possiblerehabilitation/recovery phaseRe-packaging and ensuring cleanliness and completeness ofequipments and materialsIdentification of items for donation/actual donation

Post Emergency

Documentation of lessons learned/support to update CP (equipmentlist/supplier list/price list, stock list etc)


Admin DepartmentAreas of work/support Responsibility

Availability of fundsMonitoring/tracking and reporting (budget/expenditures)Ensure proper financial procedures are followedEnsure complete supporting documentationObtaining authorization from proper signatories

Finance

Request for funding from HQ/DonorEnsure sufficient number of MERT staff is established (incoordination with Technical and log department)Hiring of (additional) staff as requiredEnsuring contracting/hiring system in placeCommitment to support ER 24/7

Contact MERT staff for deployment

HR

Attend MERT/coordination meeting as requiredFacilitate permits/licences to work/operate in the areas ofintervention

AdminValidate contracts/MoA with partners/LGUs and other relevantauthorities



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Management, Coordination and Response by Mission MERT with EP deployed inthe mission

In case that the EP is deployed in the field, all members will be under the missioncoordination team.

Emergency Phases

As response progress and need/gap are covered, the management, coordination andresponse strategy/planning need to be adjusted accordingly based on the field situationand supported by assessments/validations. The post (primary) emergency responsesituations are important for the mission to follow-up and develop necessaryprograms/projects to support the affected people. What has been done during the

emergency phase is important make linkages and continuum withrecovery/rehabilitation and development. The phase of the emergency managementcycle is presented below.


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Figure: Emergency Cycle Management

• HQ-Capitale-Field coordination schemes and timeline

Normal mission coordination structure will be maintained during the response. TheMERT members directly respond to their line managers on respective issues. Fieldlevel coordination led by the HoB or delegated by HoM for specific emergency. Fieldlevel external coordination (partners/LGUs/Clusters etc) should be led by HoB with thesupport of the HoP on technical issues. Capital level coordination will be lead by HoMwith the support of Coordination team. The coordination between the field and capitalwill follow normal procedures, i.e., from field to line managers at the capital level.Capital to HQ will follow the procedures that are already in place or adjusted accordingto the needs and requirements.

Coordination between different levels has to be followed through updating the Sitrep(Annex 26.Sitrep format) as long as the emergency situation continues. The time linefor reporting will be defined at the activation of the CP or when response starts.

• Mission contact list

See annex 2 for mission Contact List: Updated August 2010


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18 I.ple.entation plan -o) ea&h p)opose* )esponse

•

E.e)(en&, nee*s assess.ent• How will humanitarian needs be assessed?

The humanitarian need will be assessed by the MERT with or without the support ofER Pool. The available and agreed assessment Tools for each department (WASH –Annex 27, /FS- Annex 29 /Nut- Annex 29 –Nut tool not available with me Check withOscar) will be used during the assessment. Based on the coordination arrangementswith partner (PINGON) and UN (Clusters), assessment can be conducted alone byACF or jointly with other stakeholders. Coverage for areas of assessment by ACF willdepend on ACF policies and protocol (security) and will have to be agreed andapproved by HoM prior to any commitment with other stakeholders in case of joint

assessments. In case of joint assessments, the Tools to be used might slightly differentbut generally should cover all necessary information for sectoral planning/response. Inadditional, the length and detail of the activities will depend on the actual situation andimpact of the disaster.

The information/assessment results will be considered at the mission and HQ on thefinal decision on the intervention, resources mobilization and the management andcoordination system to be put in place for the duration of the intervention.

Figure: Need assessment structure

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