01 industry and environement rev[compatibility mode]

8/16/2019 01 Industry and Environement Rev[Compatibility Mode]

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Industry and Environment,


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PARTART

Environment & IndustryEnvironment & Industry


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2. Natural Resources

. as e n

Keep the environment well


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• Population growth rate :

1987 : 5,0 billion people

,

2000-2100 : 8,2-14 billion people

• Standard of living is not balanced : One person from the

north use of natural resources 40 times than the south


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• The development of science and technology until now

Maximally exploit the natural sources

• Development doesn’t considere adequate

environmental aspects.

• Povert in the south and the establishment in the north

tend to damage the environment and wasting natural

resources.


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• Clean water crisis

•

Desertification

Convertion of agricultural land into non-agricultural

• e uc on o e rop ca ores area

100 million ha are reduced⇒ 2000

• Destruction of plant and animal germplasm

⇒ Biodiversity decline

(10.000 species become extinct per year)


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INDUSTRYENVIRONMENT

Industr has an im act on the environment


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• opu at on : .

.

2045 (prediction 11 B)

• The use of natural resources and

• Extinction of flora and fauna species :

4 species is extinct/hour • o u on : o , azar ous an ox c ma er a s,

pesticides, etc.


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• o ar nergy o ar ap a

• Materials Cycle (Earth Capital)

• Gravitation

Sustainable Life:

,

Sustainable Economy :

- u -cos pr c ng pro uc an serv ce- Internalization of external costs


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• population 1.2 B (22% population)

• control 85% of the world's wealth and income• Using 88% of natural resources

• consumes 73% of energy

• generate most of the waste

Developing Countries:

• .

• only control15% of the world’s wealth and income

• only consumes 27% of energy


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esources: on-renewa e

- energy (coal, oil, natural gas, uranium);

- metal minerals iron, co er, aluminum ;

- non-metallic minerals (salt, gypsum, sand, phosphate,water, soil)

Actually we will not entirely run out of primary non-

,the cost>>> results obtained

Options: reduce consumption, recycle, reuse, reducewaste, find substitutes (left), or ...

•

wait millions of years to produce even more!


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Usefulness category of natural resourcesase on ava a y an concen ra on

• High Quality: organized, concentrated, was in

the earth's surface la er

, ,

bowels of the earth, dispersed in the ocean or

- Solid vs Gas- Coal, Gasoline vs. Emissions

- Aluminium Cans vs. Aluminium Seed


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• Can be updated relatively quickly through natural

processes:

forests, grasslands, flora and fauna (biodiversity),fresh air, ground water, fertile soil

Potential Renewable resources and equipment to berenewable if

usage rate


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Examples of

nv ronmen a egra a on auses

• Closing the productive land for housing

• Cultivation of agricultural without regarding

• Excessive extraction of ground water • Sport fishing, hunting

, ,


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• Unexpected changes to the physical

, ,

water, air, or soil that can affect / harm the

,

living things• Source:

,

Human activity: concentrated, more dangerous


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• Damage of life support systems

• Damage of living things

• Pro ert dama e• Impairment of aesthetics


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• River water quality

1. Pollution of organic matter

.

3. Coli bacteria contamination4. Heavy metal pollution

.


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Source of Raw Water : - river

- gound water

⇒ decreased quality

Installed drinkin water e ui ment/facilit is

generally not successful to clean up phosphate,mercury, magnesium, lead, and ammonium from the

raw water


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Water Pollution Im act on Health

Diarrhea

1983 : 400.000 people died because diarrhea

40.000 people died because cholera1985 : 12% deaths because diarrhea

Infectious hepatitis

un : num er o pa en s en e o ncrease

Skin disease

1986 : - Skin infections in infants include 12,2% .

all patients


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T e of ollutant Influence

Trace element Health, aquatic biota

Metallic compound Metal transport

Anoraganic pollutant Toxicity, aquatic biota Asbestos Human Health

u r en - a gae u ro ca on

Acidity, alkalinity, salinity Water quality, aquatic life

Pesticides Toxicity, aquatic biota ,wildlife

PCB Human health

Oil waste wildlife, aestheticsDetergent aesthetics

Sediment Water quality, aesthetics

Taste, odor, colour aesthetics


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•

• o a : green ouse gas em ss on


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• For practical reasons: water, air, soil

• Actual interaction between s stems

- Acid Rain SO2 Nox atm dis ersion acid rain

,

- Garbage; Garbage landfill CH4 gas+eac a e

effect :CH4 : greenhouse gas

leachate : ground water contaminated


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• Chemical properties: the level of activity and

• Concentration: quantity per unit volume of

water, a r, so

• Persistence: the residence time in the s stem

de radable exam le henol

slowly degradable (example DDT)non egra a e examp e g


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• Content of pollutants

•


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• Changes in pH (acidity / hydrogen ion

concentration)

• ange e co or, sme an as e

• ,and dissolved materials precipitate


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Partart

Waters/ waste watersWaters/ waste watersquality Standarquality Standar


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size limits or levels of l iving creatures,

, ,

or should exist and / or pollutant elementsexistence of which in a certain resource as an

Quality

element of the environment;

Effect of changes in theEnvironmental

and / or activit ies;

Impact


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• Law• Law

• Government Regulation• Government Regulation

• Presidential Decree• Presidential Decree

• Governor's Decree

• Governor's Decree

• Mayor’s Decree• Mayor’s Decree


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1. UU No 4 : 1982 (revised)1. UU No 4 : 1982 (revised)

• Basic provisions concerning the• Basic provisions concerning the

2. UU 23 : 19972. UU 23 : 1997

• Environmental Management• Environmental Management

3. UU 32 : 20093. UU 32 : 2009

• Environmental Management• Environmental Management


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n er e es gna on, e wa er s c ass e n o:

Group A, is water that can be used as drinking water

directly without prior treatment Group B, is water that can be used as raw water for

treatment as drinking water and household

Grou C, is water that can be used for fisheries andlivestock

Grou D is water that can be used for a ricultural

purposes, and can also be used for urban businesses,industries ower lants and h dro ower.


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Permenkes (Regulation of health minister) no.

416 ( 1990 )

r n ng wa er

.

492 (2010)

SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 01-3553-2006

, ,

PP Goverment Re ulation no 82 2001


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Domestic Waste

KepMenLH No. 112 (2003)

Non-Domestic Waste

KepMenLH no. 51 (1995) industry

ep en no. o e

.

Requirements for Clean Water /


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r n ng a er ys ca

No. Parameter Unit 416/90 907/02 SNI

1 Odor - odorless odorless odorless

2 Colour PtCo 50 15 5

3 Taste - Normal Normal Normal

5 Turbidity NTU 25 5 1.5

o -

temperature± 3 oC

temperature± 3 oC



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r n ng a er em ca


1 Arsenic m /L 0.05 0.01 -

2 Fluoride mg/L 1.5 1.5 1

. . .

4 cadmium mg/L 0.005 0.003 0.003

6 Nitrite mg/L 1.0 3 0.005

. . .

8 Selenium mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.01

Parameters that relate directly to health



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r n ng a er em ca


1 Aluminum mg/L - 0.2 -

2 Iron mg/L 1.0 0.3 0.13 Hardness mg/L 500 500 -

4 Chloride mg/L 500 250 250

5 Manganese mg/L 0.5 0.1 0.056 pH - 6.5-9.0 6.5-8.5 6.0-8.5

7 Zinc mg/L 15 3 -

8 Sulfate mg/L 400 250 2009 Co er m /L - 1 0.5

10 Ammonia mg/L - 1.5 0.15

11 Lead m L 0.05 0.01 0.005Parameters that are not directly related to health


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PP 82/2001


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PP 82/2001


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No Parameter Unit Max Consentration

Waste water standard


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PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

KepMenLH


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Waste water standard for hospital


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Parameter Max Consentration

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

KepMenLHMIKROBIOLOGICAL

RADIOACTIVITY


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hank Youhank You

01 industry and environement rev[compatibility mode]

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