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Introduction:

Slopes either occur naturally or are engineered by humans. An understanding of geology, hydrology, and soil properties is central to applying slope stability principles properly. Analyses must be based upon a model that accurately represents site surface conditions, ground behavior, and applied loads.Type of Analysis 1Two types of stability, ratio, what is value

pre failure analysis - to assess safety in a global sense to ensure that the slope will perform as intended post failure analysis - also termed back analysis, should responsible to the totality of processes which led to failurethe following factors are important to evaluation of slope stabilitysite characterization ground water conditionsgeotechnical parameterspreliminary stability mechanisms

assess the stability of slopes under short-term assess the possibility of slope failure slope stability and to understand failure mechanisms and the influence enable the redesign of failed slopes and the planning and design the effect of seismic loadings on slopes Aim of slope

Assess the stability of slopes under short-term Assess the possibility of slope failure / satbilityUnderstand failure mechanisms and the influence Enable the redesign of failed slopes and the planning and design The effect of seismic loadings on slopes Safe and economic design of excavations, embankments, earth dams, landfills, and spoil heaps .

2Two types of stability, ratio, what is value

pre failure analysis - to assess safety in a global sense to ensure that the slope will perform as intended post failure analysis - also termed back analysis, should responsible to the totality of processes which led to failurethe following factors are important to evaluation of slope stabilitysite characterization ground water conditionsgeotechnical parameterspreliminary stability mechanisms

assess the stability of slopes under short-term assess the possibility of slope failure slope stability and to understand failure mechanisms and the influence enable the redesign of failed slopes and the planning and design the effect of seismic loadings on slopes FACTORS AFFECTING SLOPE FAILURE

Introduction Geological discontinuities Effect of Water Geotechnical Properties of MaterialMining MethodsState of stressGeometry slope: Temperature ErosionSeismic effect Vegetation3TYPES OF ROCK SLOPE FAILURE Introduction Plane failureWedge Failure: Toppling failureRockfallsRotational Failure 4 Rock Slope Stability Analysis: Limit Equilibrium Method

Planar Failure Analysis Sliding analysis of a block Plane failure analysis along a discontinuity Water is filled in discontinuitiesTension crack present in the upper slope surface Tension crack present in the slope surface The tension crack is filled with water with upper slope angle Effect of rock boltsWedge Failure Analysis Analysis of wedge failure considering only frictional resistance Analysis of wedge failure with cohesion and friction angleToppling Failure Analysis Kinematics of block toppling failure Limit equilibrium analysis for toppling failure Stability analysis of flexural toppling5CIRCULAR FAILURE ANALYSIS Introduction Stability analysis of slope Stability analysis for Cohesionless Soil Total Stress Analysis (Swedish slip circle method)Ordinary slip circle method Bishops Simplified Method of Slices General Method of slices 6SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS BY NUMERICAL MODELLING

Introduction Continuum modelingDiscontinuum ModelingHybrid approachImportant considerationsContinuum versus discontinuum modelsSelecting appropriate zone size Initial conditionsBoundary conditionsWater pressureExcavation sequenceImportant failure indicators in slope analysisFactor of SafetyUnbalanced ForceGridpoint VelocitiesPlastic IndicatorsDisplacement Failure Surface 7STABILITY ANALYSIS IN PRESENCE OF WATER

Introduction Common terms used in simulation of water Important Geotechnical properties related to waterPermeability Hydraulic Conductivity Factor affecting soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity Matrix suction Consistency of soilPore PressuresInfiltrationRainfall Infiltration Model.Simulation of water 8SEISMIC ANALYSISIntroduction Types of seismic waveDynamic Soil PropertiesField Measurements of Dynamic ModulusGround Motion EstimatesFactors Affecting Ground Motion: Simulation of seismic effect Pseudo-static approach Wedge Method Method of Slices Inertia Slope Stability Newmark Method 9SLOPE STABILIZATION Introduction Removal And Repair Excavation & repair Catchment & Wire NettingGrading & SerratingBenchingResloping and unloadingLightweight FillCounterbermsTrimmingShear KeysScaling

Drainage and Water ControlSurface DrainageSubsurface Drainage10Stabilization Through Support Steel reinforcement Rock anchorRock Bolts Rock DowelsSoil NailingPilesGeosynthetic Reinforcement Retaining Walls Gravity Walls Cantilever Retaining Walls Sheet Piling Retaining WallsAnchored retaining wall Gabions Other Methods For Stabilization Grouting and ShotcreteVegetation 11SLOPE MONITORING: TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS

Introduction Slope failure mechanismTypes of Slope Movement Initial responseRegressive and progressive movementLong-term creepSub-Surface Monitoring MethodsBorehole probesTimedomain reflectometryInclinometers Extensometers12 Measurement of water level and pressure Standpipe Piezometer Pneumatic Piezometer Vibrating Wire Piezometer

Surface Monitoring MethodsCrack MonitorsSurveyingPhotographic Image AnalysisTotal Station Global positioning system (GPS)Acoustic emission technique Laser image scanning systemSlope Stability Radar system Synthetic aperture radar13landslidesIntroductionSlope Failure Slumps Rock Falls and Debris Falls Rock and Debris Slides Sediment Flows Solifluction Debris FlowsMudflows Creeps Earthflows Debris Avalanches

Historical landslides (wiki )

Major factors affecting landslides 14 Mine Waste Dump

Introduction Method of Construction in lift sectionMethods of Stability CalculationShear Strength of dump material Particle shape, roundness and grain surface texture Effect of moisture condition on shear strength

Factors Affecting Dump StabilityDump Configuration Foundation ConditionsDump Material PropertiesDumping method Dumping RateSeismicity and Dynamic StabilityTopographyDump drainage 15Material properties and testing Bulk Gradation Plasticity of Fines Index Properties and Classification Hydraulic Conductivity Consolidation Strength Mineralogy and Soil Chemistry In Situ Density Compaction16Tailing Dam

Failure Modes in tailing dams Rotational SlidingFoundation FailureOvertoppingErosionPipingTailings Impoundment Design Mill Location Topography Geology and Ground Water Tailings impoundmentsTailings storage facilitiesMethods for Tailings DisposalUpstream MethodDownstream Method Centerline Method17Sensitivity, probability and reliability analysis

Sensitivity AnalysisProbabilistic Design MethodsReliability Analysis18Classification systems in slope stability analysis

GeneralSlope Mass Rating (SMR)Chinese Slope Mass Rating System (CSMR)Rock slope rating (RSR)Slope stability rating (SSR) classification systemDump mass rating 19Introduction of softcomputing approach in slope stability

Artificial Neural NetworkFuzzy Inference System2021