01 the design process new downloads_files/01... · 2008. 6. 11. · 4 01. the design process...
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Weighted User Requirements
Project Analysis Statement
Design Project Proposal
Project Plan
Quantitative Design
Constraints Project Description Design
Evaluation Plan
Project Approval Document
PCR
Team Organization Design
Concept Keys
Pugh Evaluation Technology
Readiness Assessment QFD
Concept Sketches
Concept Benchmarks Functional
Description
SRR
SDR
Detailed Design Concept Drawings Bill of
Materials Construction/
Assembly Drawings
Parameter Analysis FMEA Simulation Functional
Testing DfX
Refined System Concept
DOR
PDR
Detailed Design
Drawings Production
Specifications Production Plan
Detailed Design Drawings and Specifications
System Optimization
Prototype Testing
Refined Parameter
Design
DOR
CDR PRR
Fabrication
TRR
SAR
Final Design
ORR
Pre-Phase A Design Problem
Analysis
Phase A System Level
Conceptual Design
Phase B Parameter Level
Design
Phase C Optimized
Parameter Design
Phase D Fabrication, Assembly,
and Testing
Review Points PCR - Project Concept Review SRR - System Requirements Review SDR - System Design Review DOR - Design Objectives Review PDR - Product Design Review CDR - Critical Design Review PRR - Production Readiness Review TRR - Test Readiness Review SAR - System Acceptance Review ORR - Operational Readiness Review
Assembly
Testing
Design Objectives w/
Targets
Final System Delivered Parameter Level
Design Proposal Best System Concept Proposal
REVIEW
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
It avoids embarrassment when a better solution is found far into the project
The disciplined approach leads to more creative solutions and time saved in the long run
(Lumsdaine et al., 2006)
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
(Lumsdaine et al., 2006)
It saves costs – Changing concepts on paper is inexpensive – Changes during prototyping are more costly – Changes at production ramp-up are very
expensive – Changes due to warranty claims and recalls
are extremely expensive and can affect market share and the reputation of the company
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
(NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP 2007)
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
A system is designed, built and operated so that it accomplishes its purpose safely in the most cost-effective way possible considering performance, cost, schedule, and risk
(NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP 2007)
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Cost – The cost of a system is the value of the resources
needed to design, build, operate, and dispose of it – Because resources come in many forms- work
performed by personnel and contractors; materials; energy; and the use of facilities and equipment such as wind tunnels, factories, offices, and computers - it is convenient to express these values in common terms by using monetary units (such as dollars of a specified year) (NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP 2007)
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Effectiveness – The effectiveness of a system is a quantitative measure of
the degree to which the system’s purpose is achieved – Effectiveness measures are usually very dependent upon
system performance – For example, launch vehicle effectiveness depends on the
probability of successfully injecting a payload onto a usable trajectory. The associated system performance attributes include the mass that can be put into a specified nominal orbit, the trade between injected mass and launch velocity, and launch availability.
(NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP 2007)
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Cost-effectiveness – The cost-effectiveness of a system combines both the cost
and the effectiveness of the system in the context of its objectives
– While it may be necessary to measure either or both of those in terms of several numbers, it is sometimes possible to combine the components into a meaningful, single-valued objective function for use in design optimization
– Even without knowing how to trade effectiveness for cost, designs that have lower cost and higher effectiveness are always preferred
(NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP 2007)
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
At each cost-effective solution – To reduce cost at constant risk,
performance must be reduced – To reduce risk at constant cost,
performance must be reduced – To reduce cost at constant performance,
higher risks must be accepted – To reduce risk at constant performance,
higher costs must be accepted (NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP 2007)
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Weighted User Requirements
Design Objectives w/
Targets
Project Analysis Statement
Design Project
Proposal
Project Plan Quantitative
Design Constraints
Project Description
Design Evaluation
Plan
Project Approval Document
ProjectConcept Review
Team Organization
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Goals - Design Project Proposal
Steps - Team Organization - Quantitative Design Constraints - Project Analysis Statement - Project Planning - Design Evaluation Plan
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Tools - Weighted User Requirements - Design Objectives with Targets
Reviews - Project Concept Review
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Design Concept
Keys Pugh
Evaluation Technology Readiness
Assessment QFD
Best System Concept Proposal
Concept Sketches
Concept Benchmarks Functional
Description
Design Evaluation
Plan
System Requirements
Review
System Design Review
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Goal - Best System Concept Proposal
Steps - Design Evaluation Plan (from Pre-Phase A) - Design Concept Keys - Pugh Evaluation - Technology Readiness Assessment - QFD
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Tools - Concept Sketches - Concept Benchmark - Functional Description Reviews
- System Requirements Review - System Design Review
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Detailed Design Concept
Drawings Bill of
Materials Construction/
Assembly Drawings Parameter
Level Design Proposal
Parameter Analysis FMEA Simulation Functional
Testing DfX
Refined System Concept
Design Objectives
Review
Product Design Review
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Goal
- Parameter Level Design Proposal Steps
- Detailed Design Concept Drawings - Bill of Materials - Construction/Assembly Drawings
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Tools - Parameter Analysis - FMEA - Simulation - Functional Testing - DfX
Reviews - Design Objectives Review - Product Design Review
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Detailed Design
Drawings Production
Specifications Production Plan
Detailed Design Drawings and Specifications
System Optimization
Prototype Testing
Refined Parameter
Design
Design Objectives
Review
Critical Design Review
Production Readiness
Review
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Goal -Detailed Design Drawings and Specifications
Steps - Detailed Design Drawings - Production Specifications - Production Plan
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Tools - System Optimization and Tradeoffs - Prototype Testing
Reviews - Design Objectives Reviews - Critical Design Review - Production Readiness Review
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Fabrication Assembly
Testing Test Readiness Review
System Acceptance
Review
Final Design
Final System Delivered
Operational Readiness
Review
thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Goal - Final System Delivered
Steps - Fabrication - Assembly - Testing
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thebenshimagroup © 2008 John Gershenson, Ph.D. 01. The Design Process
Reviews - Test Readiness Review - System Acceptance Review - Operational Readiness Review