01 tm51151en04gla2 lte-eps overview

TM51151EN04GLA2 Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Nokia AcademyLTE/EPS Fundamentals CourseLTE/EPS Overview

2 TM51151EN04GLA2 Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

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Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014


Module ObjectivesAfter completing this module, the participant should be able to:

Understand the reasons driving to the LTE/SAE project. List the LTE/SAE main requirements. Discuss the future of wireless communications. Compare LTE/SAE capabilities with other mobile technologies.

- Review the 3GPP specification work concerning LTE/SAE. Identify the major steps in the Network Architecture Evolution towards an

LTE/SAE network. Underline the LTE/SAE key features. Briefly explain LTE-Advanced. Name the Standardisation bodies around LTE/SAE.


General Information

Fire escape

Break RoomRestrooms

Phone andmessages

Introduction : Name : How long : Position : Past experience :


NSN LTE Course Flow

Flexi NS

LTEeNB TSH

LTEFundamentals

LTE Flexi MultiRadio

O&M

Intro

duct

ory

Adva

nce

d

Flexi NG

LTE Signalling

eNB CommisionIntegration

LTE Air

Interface

LTE Features Overview

LTE Radio Planning

Essentials

LTE Radio Parameter

LTE Radio Planning Specialist


Mobile Communications


GSM Subscribers Worldwide (Sept. 2002)

Source: GSM Association12.1Russia

4.6South America

16.5North America

8.5India

371.6Europe

5.3East Central Asia

22.7Africa

284.7Asia Pacific

21.5Arabic States

Number of Subscribers (in Mio.)

Area

747.5 MillionGSM

subscribers

1080 Millionmobile

subscribers


Module Contents

Why LTE? LTE main requirements Standardisation around LTE LTE Specification work Network Architecture Evolution LTE key features LTE-Advanced in 3GPP Release 10 LTE market potential


A little bit of History New technologies developed in the last 15 years in

telecommunication brought available transmission rates to a total new level.

Two systems have affected the life of nearly everyone:

mobile communication via 2G network like GSM

Wired & wireless data connectivity (xDSL & WLAN IEEE 802.11/a/b/g standards)

3G networks the first step towards a convergence between both networks


The way to LTE: 3 main 3G limitations

1.- The maximum bit rates still are factor of 20 and more behind the current state of the art systems like 802.11n and 802.16e/m. Even the support for higher mobility levels is not an excuse for this.

2.- The latency of user plane traffic (UMTS: >30 ms) and of resource assignment procedures (UMTS: >100 ms) is too big to handle traffic with high bit rate variance efficiently.

3.- The terminal complexity for UMTS systems is quite high, making equipment expensive, resulting in poor performing implementations of receivers and inhibiting the implementation of other performance enhancements.


Motivation for LTEThe CSP view

Source: Light Reading (adapted)

Voice dominated Data dominated

Traffic volume

Revenue

Time

Network cost (LTE)

Network cost (existing technologies)

Profitability

LTE reduces the cost/Mb

Mobile networktraffic and costs


Motivation for LTECustomer view: better broadband experience

Broadbandeverywhere

LTEon low

frequency bands, e.g. digital dividend

High-SpeedBroadband

Capacity for all

LTE on large

frequency bands,e.g. 2.6GHz

10-20ms latency

173 Mbps DL peak data rate


What are the LTE challenges?

Best price, transparent flat rate Full Internet Click-bang responsiveness

reduce cost per bit provide high data rate provide low latency

The Users expectation ..leads to the operators challenges

Price per Mbyte has to be reduced to remain profitable

User experience will have an impact on ARPU

LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience

UMTS HSPA I-HSPA LTE

Cost per MByte

HSPA LTE HSPA LTE

Throughput Latency


LTE Main Requirements

Scalable bandwidth: from 1.4MHz up to 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band

OFDM technology Spectral efficiency increased (2-4

times compared with HSPA Rel6) Flat Architecture, optimized PS IP based interfaces

Decreased cost / GByte

Enhanced consumer experience Peak data rates to

exceed 100 Mbps in DL / 50 Mbps in UL

Low latency 10-20 ms

Next step for GSM/WCDMA/HSPA Networks, but also for cdma2000 operators

FDD & TDD Modes

A true global roaming technology


Schedule for 3GPP releases

Next step for GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and cdma2000

A true global roaming technology

year

UMTS Rel 99/4 UMTS Rel 5 UMTS Rel 6 UMTS Rel 7

2007200520032000 2008

IMSHSDPA

MBMSWLAN IWHSUPA

IMS EvolutionLTE Studies

Specification:

2009

LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility.

HSPA and LTE have similar architecture. WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization.

UMTS Rel 8

LTE & EPC


Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)Enhanced consumer experience:- drives subscriber uptake- allow for new applications- provide additional revenue streams

Peak data rates to exceed 100 Mbps in DL / 50 Mbps in UL

HSPA R6

Max. peak data rate

Mbp

s

Evolved HSPA (REL. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO)

DownlinkUplink

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

173 Mbps in DL57 Mbps in UL


Comparison of Throughput and Latency (2/2)Enhanced consumer experience:- drives subscriber uptake- allow for new applications- provide additional revenue streams

Reduce Latency:User Plane 10-20 msControl Plane < 100 ms

IDLEECM_Idle

(no resources)

ACTIVEECM_

Connected(EPS Bearer

allocated)HSPAevo

(Rel8)

LTE

* Server near RAN

Latency (Roundtrip delay)*

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

GSM/EDGE

HSPARel6

min max

ms

< 100 ms

USER PLANE Latency: CONTROL PLANE Latency:


Scalable bandwidth Scalable bandwidth:

from 1.4MHz up to 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band: Frequency Refarming(Cost efficient deployment on lower frequency bands supported)

Scalable Bandwidth

Urban

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Rural

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

or

2.6 GHz

2.1 GHz

2.6 GHz

2.1 GHz

LTEUMTS

UMTSLTE

900 MHz

900 MHz GSM

or

GSM UMTS

LTE

LTE

LTE


0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

HSPA R6 HSPA R6 +UE

equalizer

HSPA R7 WiMAX LTE R8

bps

/Hz/

cel

l

DownlinkUplink

Increased Spectral Efficiency

All cases assume 2-antenna terminal reception HSPA R7, WiMAX and LTE assume 2-antenna BTS transmission (2x2 MIMO)

ITU contribution from WiMAX Forum shows downlink 1.3 and uplink 0.8 bps/Hz/cell

OFDMA technology increases Spectral efficiency

LTE target is to increase 2-4 times the HSPA R6 spectral efficiencyHSPA R7 and WiMAX have Similar Spectral Efficiency

Simulations show LTE can provide: >3 times HSPA R6 spectral efficiency in DL >2 times HSPA R6 spectral efficiency in UL


Simpler Architecture to reduce OPEX

Reduce Network Cost

Optimized PS Domain only

Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture

IP Based Interfaces: IP widely used as the network layer in the protocol stack of all interfaces (both for the control and user plane)Inter-working with legacy systems is an integral part of service continuity

Re-use of existing equipment as much as possible

Access Core Control

Evolved Node B Gateway

IMS HLR/HSS

Flat, IP based architecture

InternetMME


End 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution Beginning 2005 Study item started December 2005 Multiple Access selected March 2006 Functionality split between radio and core September 2006 Study item closed & approval of the work items December 2007 1st version of all radio specs approved December 2008 3GPP REL. 8: content Finalized and specification frozen

3GPP LTE Specification Work

20082004 2005 2006 2007

Multiple Access Decision

RAN/CN functional split

PDCP moved from CN to EUTRAN

FDD/TDD Frame Structure Alignment

LTE Workshop

Start of the Study

Close Study and Start Work Item

1st full set of specifications

LTE R8 Content Finalized

Standardization

Technology


March 2009 Protocol Freezing (Backwards compatibility starts) December 2009 3GPP R9 was frozen On December 14, 2009, the world's first publicly available LTE service was

opened by TeliaSonera in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo. On September 21, 2010, MetroPCS began to roll out its LTE network in Las

Vegas, Nevada March 2011 3GPP Release 10 was frozen.

3GPP LTE Specification Work & early deployments

20122008 2009 2010 2011

TeliaSonera launched first commercial LTE network in Sweden and Norway

Metro PCS initiates LTE deployment in the US

3GPP R8 ASN.1 Code Frozen

3GPP R9 was frozen

3GPP R10 was Frozen (LTE-Advanced)

Standardization

Deployments


Standardisation around LTE

Next Generation Mobile Networks. Is a group of mobile operators, to provide a coherent vision for technology evolution beyond 3G for the competitive delivery of broadband wireless services.More in www.ngmn.org

Collaboration agreement established in December 1998. The collaboration agreement brings together a number of telecommunications standards bodies: ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC.More in www.3gpp.org

LTE/SAE Trial Initiative. Is was founded in may 2007 by a group of leading telecommunications companies.Its aim is to prove the potential and benefits that the LTE technology can offer.More in http://www.lstiforum.com/


Different Mobile Technologies Capability Limits

Theoretical peak bit rate in ideal case DL/UL 80 / 16 Mbps

WiMAX TDD 20 MHz

42 / 11 Mbps

HSPA R7 (HSPA+)

Latency (round trip) 30 ms30 msSpectral efficiency data DL/UL [bps/Hz/cell] 1.5 / 0.61.4 / 0.6

150 / 50 Mbps

LTE R8 FDD 2x20 MHz

20 ms

2.1 / 0.9

14 / 5 Mbps

WCDMA HSPA R6

50 ms

0.7 / 0.4

Spectrum 2300, 2500, 3500IMT-2000 bands

Spectral efficiency [users/MHz/cell] 1830 45551823

Cell range in urban area (indoor outdoor)

IMT-2000 bands IMT-2000 bands

54 Mbps 260Mbps

WLAN 802.11g/n


NSN Network Architecture Evolution (1/4)

Node B RNC SGSN GGSNInternet

3GPP Rel 6 / HSPA

User planeControl Plane

Original 3G architecture. 2 nodes in the RAN. 2 nodes in the PS Core Network. Every Node introduces additional delay. Common path for User plane and Control plane data. Air interface based on WCDMA. RAN interfaces based on ATM. Option for Iu-PS interface to be based on IP.



Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / HSPA

InternetNode B RNC

SGSNGGSN


Separated path for Control Plane and User Plane data in the PS Core Network.

Direct GTP tunnel from the GGSN to the RNC for User plane data: simplifies the Core Network and reduces Signaling.

First step towards a flat network Architecture. 30% core network OPEX and CAPEX savings with Direct Tunnel. The SGSN still controls traffic plane handling, performs session and

mobility management, and manages paging. Still 2 nodes in the RAN.



Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / Internet HSPA

InternetNode B

SGSNGGSN

Node B(RNC Funct.) User plane

Control Plane I-HSPA introduces the first true flat architecture to WCDMA. Standardized in 3GPP Release 7 as: Direct Tunnel with collapsed RNC. Most part of the RNC functionalities are moved to the Node B. Direct Tunnels runs now from the GGSN to the Node B. Solution for cost-efficient broadband wireless access. Improves the delay performance (less node in RAN). Deployable with existing NSN WCDMA base stations. Transmission savings



Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 8 / LTE

InternetEvolved Node B

MMESAE GW

LTE takes the same Flat architecture from Internet HSPA. Air interface based on OFDMA. All-IP network. New spectrum allocation (i.e 2600 MHz band)Possibility to reuse spectrum (i.e. 900 MHZ)



NSN Network Architecture Evolution - Summary

Node B RNC SGSN GGSNInternet

3GPP Rel 6 / HSPA

Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / HSPA

InternetNode B RNC

SGSNGGSN

Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 7 / Internet HSPA

InternetNode B

SGSNGGSN

Node B(RNC Funct.)

Direct tunnel

3GPP Rel 8 / LTE

InternetEvolved Node B

MMESAE GW


LTE/SAE Key Features SummaryEPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /

SAE ( System Architecture Evolution ) /LTE ( Long Term Evolution )

EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )IP Network

IP Network

IP Network

OFDMA/SC-FDMA

MIMO

HARQ

Scalable bandwidth(1.4, 3, 5, 10, .. 20 MHz)

Evolved Node B / No RNC

UL/DL resourcescheduling

IP Transport Layer

QoS Aware

Self Configuration

PS Domain only, No CS Domain

IP Transport Layer

QoS Aware3GPP (GTP) or

IETF (PMIP)Prepared for

Non-3GPP Access


Why do we now talk about LTE-Advanced? During 2008 ITU submitted a request for radio Interface Technologies (RIT)

candidates for IMT-Advanced. Submission deadline was October 2009.

ITU requires enhanced peak data rates for IMT-Advanced: 100 Mbit/s for high mobility 1 Gbit/s for low mobility

In March 2008 3GPP has started a new Study Item on LTE-Advanced to enhance LTE to fulfill all IMT-Advanced requirements and to become IMT-Advanced candidate

The 1st technical 3GPP workshop on LTE-Advanced took place in April 2008

3GPP specifications for LTE-Advanced included in 3GPP Release 10

2011

3GPP

2007 2008 2009 2010

Study Item start

1st workshop Technology Submissions

Specification Created

ITU-

R

Circular Letter

Close Study & Start Work Item

Evaluation Process

Specification Created


LTE becomes LTE-Advanced with 3GPP Rel 10

LTE-A fulfills or exceeds the requirements of IMT-Advanced defined by ITU

Data rates

Mobility

LTE-Advanced GoalsLTE-Advanced Goals

Enhance macro network performanceEnhance macro network performance

Enable efficient use of small cellsEnable efficient use of small cells

More Bandwidth availableMore Bandwidth available

Able to achieve higher data rates ( up to 1 Gbps in downlink for stationary users)Able to achieve higher data rates ( up to 1 Gbps in downlink for stationary users)

Enhance the coverage by increasing data rates on the cell edgeEnhance the coverage by increasing data rates on the cell edge

Meet and exceed capabilities requested for IMT-AdvancedMeet and exceed capabilities requested for IMT-Advanced

Backward compatibilityBackward compatibility

Meet 3GPP operators requirements for LTE evolutionMeet 3GPP operators requirements for LTE evolution


LTE-Advanced:First features standardized in 3GPP Release10Key aspects in 3GPP Rel.10Key aspects in 3GPP Rel.10

Carrier Bandwidth extension by carrier aggregation Downlink: Up to 100 MHz bandwidth with 2 Release 8

carriers from different frequency bands Uplink: Only single band carrier aggregation

New codebook for downlink (DL) 8TX MIMO Feedback enhancements for DL 2TX/4TX Multiuser MIMO 2TX/4TX Uplink Single/Multiuser MIMO

Coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP), also known as cooperative system

Receiving transmission from multiple sectors (not necessary visible for UE)

Single Relay Node architecture based on self-backhauling eNB

Simple intercell interference coordination in time domain Enhancements for office Femto handovers

Heterogeneous networks

MIMO 4x8x

Coordinated Multipoint

Relaying

Carrier Aggregation

Carrier1 Carrier nCarrier2..


Key aspects in 3GPP Rel.10Key aspects in 3GPP Rel.10

Bandwidth Extension by Carrier Aggregation


MIMO 4x8x


Relaying

Carrier Aggregation


Mobility

in June 2009

up to 100 MHz Flexible component carrier aggregation

different frequency bands asymmetric in UL/DL

Component Carrier (LTE rel. 8 Carrier)

Aggregated BW: 30MHz

Aggregated BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz

20 MHz 10 MHz

20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

300Mbps 300Mbps 300Mbps 300Mbps300Mbps

1.5Gbps



MIMO Extension


MIMO 4x8x


Relaying

Carrier Aggregation




Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP)


MIMO 4x8x


Relaying

Carrier Aggregation


Cooperation of antennas of multiple sectors / sites

Interference free by coordinated transmission / reception

Highest performance potential

Service Area



Relaying


MIMO 4x8x


Relaying

Carrier Aggregation


Fast deployment Coverage with low

infrastructure costs



Heterogeneous Network


MIMO 4x8x


Relaying

Carrier Aggregation


Small CellsSmall Cells


LTE-Advanced Summary

Beyond 3GPP Rel 10 Flexible Spectrum Use New Spectral Territory D2D communication

Technology Building Blocks Cooperative Transmission Relaying Enhanced MIMO, Beamforming Carrier Aggregation

3GPP Standardization Starting with Release 10 Study Item in final phase ITU-R submission LTE-A meets all requirements

Nokia Solutions and Networks

Frontrunner in LTE World class Research ONE multi-radio access

Operator Benefits Full backwards compatibility Future proof long term evolution extreme efficiency

Timing 2010 LTE 3GPP R9 gets ready 2011 ITU will select RITs 2011 R10 gets cast in stone 2014+ 1st networks with LTE-A

Requirements Exceeds all ITU-R requirements

and meets time line Fulfilling 3GPP requirements Smooth evolution path from LTE

Self Organizing Networks Auto-Configuration Auto-Tuning Auto-Repair


LTE market momentum

Time to reach 1bn connections:

LTELTEWCDMAWCDMAGSMGSM

7 11 12 YearsEstimates by Strategy Analytics, May 2012

LTE is faster adopted than any previous mobile broadband technology.


LTE Market Potential

Source: Pyramid Research & Heavy Reading, Jan. 2011

Chance for new market entrants

0

100200

300400

500

2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E

LTE FDD LTE TDD

Subscriber Growth (million)


NSN is LTE-supplier to 44 commercial LTE operators that serve 45% of all LTE subscribers


23 Exabyte /year = 6.3 billion people each downloading a digital book every day

Mobile traffic explosion

Projected change by 2015

+50% +1,000%

+10,000%

Mobile voice Laptop data Smart device data Signaling load

23 Exabytes/year by 201523,000,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes/year


Appendix


The right solution for each segment

For operators with 3G spectrumBroad terminal eco systemHigh data security and QoSQuick and cost-effective upgrade

of existing networksSeamless 2G/3G handover

global coverage, global roamingProven technology

Mainstream; 3G evolution leverage large installed 3G base

Utilizes 2G and 3G spectrum efficient re-farming with flexible bandwidth

Broad terminal eco system expectedHighest capacity, lowest latencyVery flat and IP based architecture

High speed data rates with full mobility

Broadband multimediawith full mobility

High speed data with limited mobility

W-CDMA/HSPA WiMAX LTEFixed or mobile network operators with WiMAX

spectrumDevice eco system started to evolveOptimized wireless-DSL servicesHigh capacity and low latencyFlat and IP based architecture Short term availability

Compatibilitywith existing

standards

Economy of scaleSpectrum availability and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPRregime

Lean architecture

Broadband dataperformance

Compatibilitywith existing

standards


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPRregime

Lean architecture



Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPRregime

Lean architecture


Economy of scaleSpectrum availability

and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Compatibility with existing

standards

Lean architecture


Economy of scaleSpectrum availability

and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime


standards

Lean architecture



standards

Economy of scale

Spectrum availability and cost impact

Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Leanarchitecture



standards

Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Leanarchitecture



standards

Economy of scale


Variety ofterminals

Voiceperformance

IPR regime

Leanarchitecture


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