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Ch. 4 Review/ Study Guide –(use your notes and the book )Using Key Terms: Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. Use each word once.

compound element suspension solubility electronssolution metal nonmetal solute chemical bond

1. A(n)___compound____ has a definite ratio of elements joined together.

2. The ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance is the _solubility_of the solute.

3. A(n) _suspension_can be separated by filtration (pouring it through a filter).

4. A(n) __element__is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by

chemical means.

5. A(n) __nonmetal__is an element that is brittle, dull and sometimes a gas.

6. The ___solute______is the substance that dissolves to form a solution.

7. A _chemical bond_ holds atoms together in a molecule.

8. The very energetic particles that move in all directions around the nucleus of an atom are

called ___electrons___.

Multiple Choice

D____9.One example of a physical change isa. burning paperb. exploding fireworksc. the rusting of iron d. separating parts of a mixture

B___10.Which of the following best describes chicken noodle soup?a. element c. compoundb. mixture d. solution

C___11.Which of the following statements describes elements?a. Elements cannot be joined together in chemical reactions.b. Elements can be broken down into simpler substances.c. Elements have unique sets of properties.d. All of the above

B___12.What type of mixture is formed when particles of two or more substances are distributed evenly among each other?a. suspension c. elementb. solution d. weak.

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Holt Science and Technology 32 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

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Chapter Review continued

C___13. Which of the following substances can be separated into simpler substances only by a chemical change?a. sodium c. saltb. salt water d. gold

A___14. Which of the following would not increase the rate at which a solid dissolves?a. decreasing the temperatureb. crushing the solidc. stirringd. increasing the temperature

C __ 15. In which classification of matter are components chemically combined?a. a solution c. a compoundb. a colloid d. a suspension

A___16. An element that conducts thermal energy well and is easily shaped is aa. metal.b. metalloid.c. nonmetal.d. None of the above

Short Answer

17. What is the difference between an element and a compound?

An element can’t be broken down into smaller parts, but a compound can.

An element is made of one type of atom and an compound is made of more than one type of

atom18. Why is a compound considered a pure substance?

Every sample of a compound has the same elements in the same proportions.

This is why each compound has unique chemical and physical properties.

19. List the three types of mixtures and the definition of each.

Solution-a mixture that appears to be one substance like salt water

Suspension-a mixture in which the particles are large enough to settle out

Colloid-a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are large enough to

scatter light like glue. You can’t see through them.

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20- answers will vary- 21. List the parts of an atom and the charge of each:

Proton-postitive charge

Neutron-neutral, no charge

Electron-negative charge

22. Draw a Bohr model of an atom showing and labeling the parts of one of these elements: boron, carbon, or nitrogen. (The Bohr model is what you made with the dots)

23. Using the Bohr model, draw a diagram of one compound of water. Include the protons, neutrons and electrons. Read pages 373-374 in textbook to help.

2 H2 + O2 = 2 H2O

H2 O

24. Define each word mass- a measure of the amount of matter in an object matter- anything that has mass and takes up space volume- the amount of space an object occupies density- the amount of matter in a given volume

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weight- the measure of the gravitational force on an object

MULTIPLE CHOICEUse the table below to answer the following questions.

Properties of Substances

Substance Mass (g)

Boiling point (°C)

Density (kg/m3)

A 20 40 20

B 1,000 100 35

C 1,000 40 100

D 1,000 40 20

D___ _ 25. Which two substances in the table are most likely the same?A. substances A and CB. substances B and DC. substances C and DD. substances A and D

Explain why you chose that answer Density is a physical property of matter. Substances that are the same will have the same density.

26. On the table above, could substance B be water? _no_ Why or why not?

because the density of water is 1

_B_27. You are given two jars, each of which contains an unknown substance. You are asked to determine if the substances are different from one another or if each jar contains the same substance. What should you do to complete this task?

A. Compare the appearances of the substances. If the substances look the same, then they are the same.

B. Compare only the physical properties of the substances. If the substances have the same density or melting point, then they are the same.

C. Compare both the physical and the chemical properties of the substances. If the substances perform the same in a variety of tests, then they are the same.

D. Compare the physical states of the substances. If the substances are in the same state, then they are the same.

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__C__28 .If two poisonous elements are combined chemically, which of the following will be true of the resulting compound?

A. The compound will be more poisonous than the gases.B. The compound will be as poisonous as the gases.C. The compound may or may not be poisonous.D. The compound will not be poisonous.

Use the diagram below to answer the question # 28.

__C___29. Ellen made the illustration above to show one of the steps in her most recent experiment. Which statement describes what Ellen was doing during this step of the experiment?

A. She was using a chemical change to break down a compound into the elements that make it up.

B. She was using a physical change to separate the compounds that make up an element.

C. She was using a physical change to separate the components that make up a mixture.

D. She was using a chemical change to combine elements to form a compound.

30. Define each word below from your old vocabulary quiz, not the glossary of your book!

solid a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume

liquid a state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

gas a state of matter with no definite shape or volume

temperature the measure of how fast the particles in an object are moving

physical change a change in matter that does not change the composition of the substance

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chemical change the process of changing into new substances

Use the diagram below to answer questions 5 and 6.

31. The graph above shows how three substances dissolve in water. Explain what you observe about the 3 substances.

Answers may vary- The graph shows how different compounds will dissolve in water as

the temperature increases

C__32.The graph above was constructed from data collected during a laboratory investigation. Which of the following values is the amount of sodium nitrate that can dissolve in 100 mL of water at 40°C?A. 0 gB. 40 gC. 100 gD. 130 g

omit___33 .Which compound is more soluble at higher temperatures?A. sodium chlorate B. sodium nitrateC. sodium chloride

C___34. Which compound’s solubility is least affected by temperature change? A. sodium chlorate B. sodium nitrateC. sodium chloride

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Fill in the graphic organizer below with the following words: elements, compounds, mixtures, solution, sodium, colloid, salt water, salt, chlorine, suspension, sweet tea, snow globe, whipped cream

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Holt Science and Technology 39 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures