0%123456 ./789:;[email protected]/anesthesia-analgesia/documents... ·...

13
!"#$% &'(!"#$%) "*!+,- !'" ! xQRªU«-.¬ -\®¯+,TU°±²³´D +,µ¶`w·¸²¹ /"1)- /<)-1"# *+ . ! #97):7" 5"(H *+ ,-+ CD /00 *& *[ ==7" *+ *6+C ! 10@ 9 [ 0 F7887")=7B *+ ,-+ D +7:1"8;708 (< /07)8-7)#(=(>? %#>)-():#81=78 94=#107 *1"#7 C708"7 C(:70-1>70 +70;1"H ! C($-"107 /017)8-7)#1 %7B#7G '"(4: 10@ C(:70-1>70 D"#1= A0#8 C(:70-1>70 A0#B7")#8? 3():#81= C(:70-1>70 +70;1"H C +7:1"8;708 (< ,17@#18"#$) 3B#@(B"7 3():#81= 3B#@(B"7 +70;1"H D C(:70-1>70 D"#1= A0#8 C7087" <(" C=#0#$1= K087"B708#(0 %7)71"$- %#>)-():#81=78 C(:70-1>70 A0#B7")#8? 3():#81= C(:70-1>70 +70;1"H +7:1"8;708 (< /07)8-7)#(=(>? 10@ K0870)#B7 $1"7 37"=7B 3():#81= A0#B7")#8? (< C(:70-1>70 +70;1"H ./#01#13á(K13P-¾TUY13gL3P-$S1IÀ§H2ýKaýY¯% " %Li# "!'%!& J^!Q*! CP$ -.Ñ:mÇ-üH" 67IZMÕ"# %$"QJ1!)*Q &F!"!&$F '%!$F(! 9R`($ YE FKEudÇTx" 7µñ RUC`98H% L*QF!"*% U1I$(* ®Ki ,&!*"&*% H+H8R,% 'E* RE!"*(* W!J1*Q!&$F H!'*%$'O%* -$'$I$(* ¹Y># W&û 60/0 / ./ $"  ]¡¢Õ£¤7! ÕÇK¥¦ß§¨Õ½&êë" fÓê멪[µË ÕIU 3GQ< !" ZV-./0;ñ7w^Y!"ïð% `ï% ×Ø% «¬±²®KÂú|Í" .#IìÙÛôK-&Y êë" b43ê룤pÙ®C" 9¯u°¥%1Y×Ø" ±²³cºv0QH2ý" HwK`a<ud¬© ZV -./0ñ.AYKg¿cYÇ-" n-!"ïðC¬©«¬±²" n-Õ"3Eµud¬©ZM»Ð" 4 5#êë¶·Õ /7 U 9R`(! ¸Z /.0. J" L /0 U«¬¹°Ë§" !CP 0QH2ýYmÊϺ33ZÐá #70$ 6; G( .@$ :; $) Âñ¯°<# %*F$'!G* %!(4(! 99$ /$ 0:! B5; ¼å±^# &J"#!Q*"&* !"'*%G$F ! R+$ v 0$ B. ] /$ 66! + 6 A0 *! wK»`<udÉϷ˼½Y×Ø" HYÏ· !CP mù]^% ¾M% CD +R\ K¿À]^ïIßÊÁ Â" tu!CP mx% 67 ¢]Y% CD-.L;<ïIH3ZCÐá) û¸Ð# 1*$" Q!##*%*"&*! L-$ /5$ B/! B5; R+ v @$ 65 ] 6.$ 5:! + 6 A65; *" ¡f! !CP $,o A6(Y¯°±²# 99 /$ 5B! B5; R+ /$ /= ] 6$ /:' + 6 A0$! È¥,oÀ c¹°Kà§ÄczÅ)Æ}KLiY¹°" 46#¥n- !CP /013bL3P-" !CP ÑÈ]mÈ¥ ÑgH2ýßH¼ÑñAQH)" !"#$%&'$#(!)*+,-./01 /$487 -?:(E7;#$ "7):#"18("? <1#=4"7N @7<#07@ 1) 1$487 =40> #0W4"? 10@ 1$487 "7):#"18("? @#)8"7)) )?0@"(;7N 1"7 $"#8#$1= $(0@#8#(0) 1))($#187@ G#8- <"7j4708 ;("81=#8? 10@ ;("S#@#8? #0 1== 1>7)& K0-1=7@ 0#8"#$ (E#@7 J#^fL -1) S770 4)7@ 8( #;:"(B7 (E?>7018#(0N S48 #8) "(=7 "7;1#0) $(08"(B7")#1=& F7 :7"<(";7@ 1 )?)87;18#$ "7B#7G G#8- ;781" 101=?)#) 10@ 8"#1= )7j4708#1= 101=?)#) (< "10@(;#I7@ $=#0#$1= 8"#1=) J%CD)L& F7 )71"$-7@ C!^D%/dN *7@=#07N !;S1)7N K087"018#(01= F7S (< 6$#70$7N dKd/C6N 8-7 C-#07)7 5#(;7@#$1= d#87"184"7 +181S1)7N 10@ CK^3/d J4: 8( 91041"? PUN VQUQL& /@@#8#(01==?N G7 -10@" )71"$-7@ "7<7"70$7 =#)8)N $(081$87@ 148-(") 10@ 7E:7"8)N 10@ )71"$-7@ "7>#)87") (< (0>(#0> 8"#1=)& DG( "7B#7G7") #0@7:70@708=? )7=7$87@ 1== :1"1==7= >"(4: %CD) $(;:1"#0> #^f G#8- :=1$7S( (" 0( #087"B708#(0 10@ 7E8"1$87@ @181 "7=187@ 8( )84@? ;78-(@)N #087"B708#(0)N (48$(;7)N S#1) "#)HN 10@ 1@B7")7 7B708)& /== 8"#1=)N #""7):7$8#B7 (< S=#0@#0> (" =10>41>7 )8184) G7"7 #0$=4@7@& %78"#7B7@ 8"#1=) G7"7 7B1=4187@ G#8- C($-"107 ;78-(@(=(>?& +#)1>"77;708) G7"7 "7)(=B7@ S? @#)$4))#(0& f4" :"#;1"? (48$(;7 ;71)4"7 G1) 1== " $14)7 ;("81=#8?& F7 :7"<(";7@ )4S>"(4: 10@ )70)#8#B#8? 101=?)7) 8( 1))7)) 8-7 7<<7$8 (< #^f #0 1@4=8) 10@ $-#=@"70 10@ (0 B1"#(4) $=#0#$1= 10@ :-?)#(=(>#$1= (48$(;7)& F7 1))7))7@ 8-7 "#)H (< S#1) 8-"(4>- 1))7));708 (< 8"#1= ;78-(@(=(>#$1= $(;:(0708)& F7 1))7))7@ 8-7 "#)H (< "10@(; 7""(" S? 1::=?#0> 8"#1= )7j4708#1= 101=?)#)& ,36.7461 F7 #0$=4@7@ UX %CD) G#8- 1 8(81= (< UPQP :1"8#$#:108)a UQ (< 8-7)7 8"#1=) -1@ 1 -#>- "#)H (< S#1)& #^f

Upload: others

Post on 29-May-2020

21 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!"#!!!

!"#$%&'()*+,-./0%123456

./789:;<=>?@A3B

!"#$% !&$%#"'

!

()

*

!

! "

+,$-," ."/0

!

()

!

1%)

!

# $

!22 (3 (

%

44,"

!

()

!

(5)6

!

!

!

#27 +

%

2 8,99,"$4,:

!

()

!

1%)

$

),-#"9;,29 /& !2,$9%,$'/4/<=

!

>'<$%/$-'9#4,9

!

+?4'#2, (#"', 6,29",

!

6/-,2%#<,2

!

),2;#"0

"

!

6/@%"#2, !2#,$9%,$'# >,:',A B"/?- #27 6/-,2%#<,2 C"'#4 D2'9

!

6/-,2%#<,2 D2':,"$'9= E/$-'9#4

!

6/-,2%#<,2

!

),2;#"0

"

#

),-#"9;,29 /& 1#,7'#9"'@$

!

E:'7/:", E/$-'9#4

!

E:'7/:",

!

),2;#"0

"

$

6/-,2%#<,2 C"'#4 D2'9

!

6,29," &/" 64'2'@#4 F29,":,29'/2 >,$,#"@%

!

>'<$%/$-'9#4,9

!

6/-,2%#<,2

D2':,"$'9= E/$-'9#4

!

6/-,2%#<,2

!

),2;#"0

"

!

),-#"9;,29 /& !2,$9%,$'/4/<= #27 F29,2$':, @#",

!

E,"4,: E/$-'9#4

!

D2':,"$'9= /& 6/-,2%#<,2

!

),2;#"0

./

"

01

"

!"!!"#!""##$%$&%&$!"'(""#'(%&))'*+,-(*)#*.)$+/

.

!

,(-+

"

!"#$"% &'"()

#

*+

$

#01.2,($/034-.

!

12/)345678

"

$,!(&-".)( %/"!"%,/ #$",/0

#

1230

$

$0

1#925:/6%;

!

23<=7 24*3156

%

7)(/"!)

%

4-8,0) 8#45 9%")!%)

%

6:6529

%

#;) 2;"!)0) <"&-)("%,/ 6"#)$,#=$)

>,#,8,0)9>6

"

?@A ?@A@ * A 7 BA 8

$!

9::;;<=23

#

4B;/C#>?D@A;<@=>

!

BE=>CDE?@

;)F

&'()

F8A

*+

#0BCD7GEF$F8GH

%

GHGI

%

IJ

%

JKHI8#KLLM

!

0J)KLNM#MO$

=>

!

NN"=><=OPOP

!

QRQS5RPQ,)$IJ

!

STURSTUTV(*)

!

4WE#UVW5:XX

*+

#0BC7YVW#ZX$56#[YPUR$/0

!

Z0F8GHPXXJKHI

!

Z078"9Y5:XX34\]

!

2

3

"

=>Z[; AC F 1230

#

\[ AB@B \]C

!

^A A@ FJK]_@-

!

"*+ QTV(*)$2,A`a^"_[]b

"

C@

,

?D E0 BF

,

GD

$&

K7+_W

"

$)/,#"E) $"0H0

#

11

$

A

,

@G

#

IJDc^dF

"

%&!K"()!%) "!#)$E,/

#

2:

$

U @

,

IB L A

,

??

#

:

?

M @

'#

,e

WE#`UW5:fag@ab$IJ

!

4_$9>ag "*+ Q2,hi:F

%

4`c4

%

jk :2N #de:FGlD`f

g

!

ab*m "*+ Q2,n,' ?C o:$($

%

jk#0(cWGl4_[P]b

&

pq]

"

-),! ("KK)$)!%)

#

7>

$

AJ

,

IA

#

IJD

2:U F

,

?J L ?B

,

JG

#

:

?

M ?JD

'!

rs

#

"*+ %hdZXi!"$+_HI

"

11 A

,

JI

#

IJD 2: A

,

AO L ?

,

AG

(

:

?

M @

$#

tQhdu

v]_#jZ-kvelfmwg(-+$]_

!

24

"

QnoZ0 "*+ BC!"x(""#'(

!

"*+ 1p:2,($tQ

1y'(*)D4c17XV4q

!

!"#$%&'$

"

(!)*+,-./01 !@?9, %=-/G,;'@ ",$-'"#9/"= &#'4?",H 7,&'2,7 #$ #@?9, 4?2< '2I?"= #27 #@?9, ",$-'"#9/"=

J 7'$9",$$ $=27"/;,H #", @"'9'@#4 @/27'9'/2$ #$$/@'#9,7 A'9% &",K?,29 ;/"9#4'9= #27 ;/"L'7'9= '2 #44 #<,$3 F2%#4,7 2'9"'@ /G'7,

M'NOP %#$ L,,2 ?$,7 9/ ';-"/:, /G=<,2#9'/2H L?9 '9$ "/4, ",;#'2$ @/29"/:,"$'#43 8, -,"&/";,7 # $=$9,;#9'@ ",:',A A'9%

;,9#

-

#2#4=$'$ #27 9"'#4 $,K?,29'#4 #2#4=$'$ /& "#27/;'Q,7 @4'2'@#4 9"'#4$ M>6C$P3 8, $,#"@%,7 6RNC>!SH (,74'2,H R;L#$,H

F29,"2#9'/2#4 8,L /& 5@',2@,H SFS!65H 9%, 6%'2,$, .'/;,7'@#4 S'9,"#9?", )#9#L#$,H #27 6FNE!S M?- 9/ +#2?#"= TUH VWUWP3

!77'9'/2#44=H A, %#27

-

$,#"@%,7 ",&,",2@, 4'$9$H @/29#@9,7 #?9%/"$ #27 ,G-,"9$H #27 $,#"@%,7 ",<'$9,"$ /& /2</'2< 9"'#4$3 CA/

",:',A,"$ '27,-,27,294= $,4,@9,7 #44 -#"#44,4 <"/?- >6C$ @/;-#"'2< 'NO A'9% -4#@,L/ /" 2/ '29,":,29'/2 #27 ,G9"#@9,7 7#9#

",4#9,7 9/ $9?7= ;,9%/7$H '29,":,29'/2$H /?9@/;,$H L'#$ "'$0H #27 #7:,"$, ,:,29$3 !44 9"'#4$H '"",$-,@9':, /& L4'27'2< /"

4#2<?#<, $9#9?$ A,", '2@4?7,73 >,9"',:,7 9"'#4$ A,", ,:#4?#9,7 A'9% 6/@%"#2, ;,9%/7/4/<=3 )'$#<",,;,29$ A,", ",$/4:,7 L=

7'$@?$$'/23 O?" -"';#"= /?9@/;, ;,#$?", A#$ #44

-

@#?$, ;/"9#4'9=3 8, -,"&/";,7 $?L<"/?- #27 $,2$'9':'9= #2#4=$,$ 9/ #$$,$$

9%, ,&&,@9 /& 'NO '2 #7?49$ #27 @%'47",2 #27 /2 :#"'/?$ @4'2'@#4 #27 -%=$'/4/<'@#4 /?9@/;,$3 8, #$$,$$,7 9%, "'$0 /& L'#$

9%"/?<% #$$,$$;,29 /& 9"'#4 ;,9%/7/4/<'@#4 @/;-/2,29$3 8, #$$,$$,7 9%, "'$0 /& "#27/; ,""/" L= #--4='2< 9"'#4 $,K?,29'#4

#2#4=$'$3 ,23.4531 8, '2@4?7,7 UX >6C$ A'9% # 9/9#4 /& UTWT -#"9'@'-#29$Y UW /& 9%,$, 9"'#4$ %#7 # %'<% "'$0 /& L'#$3 'NO

Page 2: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

"$!!!!

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

! "#$%&' ($ ")*)+")+,*--. "+/(+0+,*() &00&,) $( $1&2*-- 3$2)*-+). 456

,

78 1&2"9" :;

,

<8= 42&-*)+1& 2+">"

!

??

"

@

,

6<A BC8

,$(0+'&(,& +()&21*-

!

DE

"

6

,

B: )$ @

,

77F E

7

.

6= *(' +( "&1&2*- "9G/2$9H *(' "&("+)+1+). *(*-."&"A +('+,*)+(/ 2$G9") 2&"9-)"I

J+3+)&' '*)* '&3$(")2*)&' * ")*)+")+,*--. +("+/(+0+,*() &00&,) $0 +KL $( '92*)+$( $0 1&()+-*)+$(A 1&()+-*)$2

-

02&& '*."A *('

-&(/)# $0 ")*. +( )#& +()&("+1& ,*2& 9(+) *(' #$"H+)*-I M& 0$9(' * ")*)+")+,*--. "+/(+0+,*() G9) )2*("+&() +3H2$1&3&() +(

$N./&(*)+$( +( )#& 0+2") 75 #$92"A &NH2&""&' *" )#& 2*)+$ $0 OL

7

)$ 02*,)+$( $0 +("H+2&' $N./&( 43&*( '+00&2&(,&

!

PQ

"

@C

,

B@A

BC8 DE ;

,

7C )$ 7:

,

C<F E

7

R7C8=I S$%&1&2A +KL *HH&*2" )$ +(,2&*"& )#& 2+"> $0 2&(*- +3H*+23&() *3$(/ *'9-)" 4?? @

,

CBA

BC8 DE @

,

@T )$ 7

,

@<F E

7

R 6 = G9) ($) )#& 2+"> $0 G-&&'+(/ $2 3&)#&3$/-$G+( $2 (+)2$/&( '+$N+'& 0$23*)+$(I

!"#!$%&'"#&( +KL ,*(($) G& 2&,$33&('&' 0$2 H*)+&()" %+)# *,9)& #.H$N&3+, 2&"H+2*)$2. 0*+-92&I +KL 2&"9-)" +( *

! )2*("+&() +3H2$1&3&() +( $N./&(*)+$( G9) '$&" ($) 2&'9,& 3$2)*-+). *(' 3*. G& #*2309-I

#

!"#$%& !"'() *+,,

$

,,*

%

,-,,

/

*,

&

!!!"!"""!

#

!"#$% &%'()&!$*&+ ,)'$&%''

'+-,&*.%

'

/012

&

#!!!#$

#

!"#$% 3#-4 )-5#&+

'

/67

&

" $ % " % ! ! & & ! ! " ' #

#

!"#$%

8+(*9%.)" &%'()&!$*&+ :!)3#&%

'

/;0<

&'

()*'!+

,#$-!#

/

#./0(-$%!1234(%

)5*&67!+,12

!

=

"

(

/;0<89+!,:-

;+&&/%<=!>?'.

(

@AB!-&&/

%CD()5E/

/

FGH$%

'

I%(E/!0

&-!/0&';E/0&-/0()

'

JK12

!>?'.

'

389+!,:--LM

!

>

"

(

*&N$

#

-)$&)" *9),%

'

?@

&

(*O4P-,*

!/0&'QR

'

S<E1"5TQ

(

"5- ?@

#

)-8!3%, ?@

'

)?@

&

6+UV!&'E/,-!0&

-!/0

'

)*E/

/

FGH$%

'

%;7&$8

5 /012 -!/09PLM<=!>?'.

!

A

/

B

"

(

?@ JK'=:&N#$-WXYZ[

'

\+%6+

JK;,.%Y$%<]

!

C

/

D

"

(

B- ?@ ^/0=.

<=H,<]1>LM?/26H0_`

'

a(6

7!1)bc32de*@A

!

B

'

E

/

F

"

(

f3-g-4(67!BC )?@ h5ijY+

& /;0< k4-3Y'

'

JK,-:l67!DE

#

56

&

<=FmDE

#

m.DE

&

-1>

(

.

!!

/

%lnNBC )?@ -op

'

qr3p G*"8&!-%

"o_st

!

H

"

)

7u!45:G

#

$&)!3 '%I#%-$)!3

!-!3+'%'

'

J2/

&

!

=K

"

)

L0/1M

!

==

"

< = N072O/ H

I

!

=>

"

JK/0:G

(

LM-bc_N#AB31)

G*"8&!-%O8()P

!

=A

"

(

$&

0123

qr)6l^ G*"8&!-% Qv*R-hS7u

#

G*"8&!-% G%-$&!3 0%4)'$%& *: G*-$&*33%, J&)!3'

'

GM?J0/6

&)

OM167?M <= MOP/2M

'

w >K=K x

> 9

#

TU =

'

8:7VAgU =

'

8$$(

%

QQ3)-R'S3TTS

"*.Q//Q/>=H

&

!

=A

"

(

;2Wy-Fm/07ubc

(

qrX2z6l8,3<5P#"Y

'

\96lo

4Y + , < Z 5 = [ - 7 u

(

q r ) 6 l

G3)-)"!3J&)!3'S 4*U

)

Q-/07u\]5P67<=

G3)-)"!3J&)!3'S "*. <)6.3-

)

{|}-34(

^^JK-7u

(

qr(_- /012 = /67 k4

'

@`abc/

:;y3<-dObc

(

qr~�g�|}-h5

/012=efk4-bc��

'

H<gg�hy04

-��

(

)5HJ-,�X�

)

��=ij

'

qr

-bc<gl5+,kbc

(

"&

4523678

// =6�ABbcQ1Ub7#8D

(

// =

VP d>l?�WU@-bcQ2@VA

(

:2��

)m49Ani*+

(

96Bo4<@o=[CD

(

BC�>bc-y�!=Ep�!<=56Iq?

i

!

Fm45-Xi

)

:;%r

)

@s

)

HLM-=

.VA

)

h=.-UV!|}

)

sfAn<=7p

6P

'

<=�B��:G

#

)-$%-$)*- $* $&%!$

'

7JJ

&

-

6P

"#

TU >

'

8:7VAgU >

'

8$$(

%

QQ3)-R'S3TTS

"*.Q//Q/>>K

&

!

H

"

(

Cbc6n:<tbcF`a%

5GIq��

(

CDuvHI% >F

0

AK �<=�w

F<K-�=x

(

yJ=.Hb12mzE/K�

)

Dm�V

)

>?&:.Q"5&{�

#

N!@

>

Q<)*

>

&!$)*

&)

&"HV

#

*9+4%-!$)*- )-,%9

'

@7

&)

7GW #E�K�

<=H,<]

#

?�/=/26#$

&(

%&

459:

a:s�npAhe>�M HCX SC0�

#

"*-:),%-"% )-,%9

'

G7

&

�|}

'

~��nF)�3E

Page 3: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!"%!!!

!"

!

!"!#"#$$%%!&'()

"

!"

/

!#

#

!

&

!*+!!'(,

$

"#)* $%&'()*

1

+ ,- -.%

.

-

"

/

#

!

.

-

+/ #010"#$,&!*1,

!

#2&!

*-.

%

.

-

2 !01

&'

34"#$$&'()

!

"#

.33 !#/05"%1678

!

16!!'%!"!

#2# 4567)* #

%

$%85*')95*

(

3'5 :%(;<& $%&'()*5

$5*=(5

'

3'5 $%&'()*5 $%>>)?%()=<%*

'

-00@

&

34

"

!A

#

!

56&7!#

'

.899#:;<=>?%:

'";<@=>

'

<:B 2ABC%$#D?(9E

%#%$#

!

@A2)B5F/0E&7!#CA

61,*

'

*56G+HI

"

!A

/

!C

#

!

! D 0

,

0# !"/

E <:B 2J&DEKLM&7!NO<61,*

G+

"

/

#

!

342GA,E&AE%F/056P@GQ

R

(

9 @ A S T ' ( & ' H $ U )

%

FG5(<&)*

HI(%85)* $%*+5*+I+ $%*J5(5*&5

'

FH$$

&

2A F4KL

% FM. E)*MVW)*!"EXYO<QR

'

Z

%&'I=#%&'IXYEQR

'

[\2][%

&^J2A,E&AEKL56PQR

!

@AD?

'

2A6 - _0.>][`a <:B H

I7EXY

'

^/b*6GKLMcdaENO*

`aP'Ge

"

C

#

'

34Q+'=:'R-/0c5

f!#

"

N

'

!@

/

!/

#

!

/P89g,%&.%VWN)E%&

'

34

2#-('2J&D568h

"

-0

#

!

'&

./0123

+A/0Ri\E$$STjk

'

[\".R

.XY"#U/1,*lI

'

!"!#D?mO!

NST

!

/89!NSTE'I

'

342# 3LF n

-

"

!0

'

-!

#

!

3LF CcP01(a89#A!"!#

%

1V))IE)oWpa

&'

59)3!"!#X

2q3rs"E2+k.YZ

"

!0

'

-!

/

--

#

!

[8*+/

)I3*\].4

'

D.ti!NSTE^u

!

9

3LF X

'

)3!"!#Xv,XYEk_`//!

5E!"!#

'

w6-A6abkEXYxy6z

?

!

3LF Es+x

'

@A)3E O cd7{P8,

3*\].4

'

.9/:/601Ee0

'

]f?

5N;EXY

!

@A O cd5|7{.4

'

5}0

1(a~�|gh?0

'

.9/:/w<e0]0

.igC=

"

!0

'

-!

'

-N

/

-#

#

!

34"# 3LF ti!NS

TE'I

'

.9395N;EXYXjf?>i�

./

!

(&

2456

"# P4FKH 8(%65(+<%* N

,

-

,

- kl

'

�{89?

3

$

!a

$

@2*

$

3m*

$

An*=o_XYED?

g,%B

'

Qe0!'/

%

#

$

X

$

Z

$

C�Z

&

"

-A

#

!

7

!!

8

$&

9:78

�{DE4-eq

'

34ih !@CA 16G <:B

E56

!

pq !@#- 17p%�G56

!

-" 1�G5

6'#AO[EXY

!

VX34.%P !A 1^(5

2.% !N0N F$$GM8

%

' !

&!

�56XEXY

!

�{ # F�8

"

!/

'

-C

/

N0

#

=NFeq*3rE�/�8

ih8qE/0

"

C

#

!

!!

;

$!

44�G56E0st�'

%

ubv

2'

9H/0�v

2' 3445(66789:);7<<;=>?6@@6@AAB&

( &'().

$$2w)I

p N ,XYOq

'

V516XYE F4KL !"

x@A FH$$ E��

"

-C

/

-@

'

N0

#

!

��

'

6 " ,XY"

#P>�!"

'

@ 7I(()Q ";<!/ 2 -

,

#

"

N-

#

'

B.

8!

"

NN

#

.%:1E FM.$H !'

!

- ,XY+6?s

IJ;

"

!@

'

N"

#

!

6�,XY/0H^(P " 156

!

Page 4: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

"&!!!!

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

! ! !"#!"#$!$"%%&'

!

"#

"

#

"&

./01234

&("#'( " !)#"#

!

!$

$

%$

$

""

"

%

*) !

!#!*++,

!

"$

"

$

$,%--.. &'( /

&)*+ %/0012

#

1345 !, - "$# *

&

2

!

'

6!

#

5

$!

.!"#%7"

"#

2+/&

(34

./0 57" 8657"

"#97%

&1$:;<

=>8

';<

#%?9

234567849:; !

%<<<

!

%=

"

"< *12

$

! @)A

$

( : & " B

$

>?0

%

1

@(0

%

" %% A>?

$

>BB>

##CD E

%

0

$

F&> G

!<CD E

%

0

$

>&0> H

!$DD EI

! J !#

$

C4)

K ;

&

<

(

%

(

!<

(

,< LLD

'

$ <

>?0

%

1@(0

%

DE#

%#M

$

F+)%

+

%

!<

,

N

&

!

,

N

0

"<

'$

C4)%

+

%

!< LLD

! J !#

$

G '

K HI

$

J86

7K

$

HI(

*;6&=

34$:%& "< F J

*?O ! !PP=

!

%$

"

%, )#!

$

! @)A

$

+L(&0M

&

>' Q

?"B

'$

>BB> G NCD

E

%

0

$

@(0

%

G <

,

# @A

G!% );

$

",$ );

BC&

./0 5

%

! J !%

$

K !<LLD ./0 $N

O, ?>BB> N N

CDE

%

0 R @(0

%

- <

,

#

! J !%

$

J 8

K 6C

$

%, );

DE ( & =

$

!<LLD ./0

*+P,+#

0

$

Q5--

R N ) ; ,

- ./0

6) J

*7SS.;I78!

!PP$

!

"

"

!== )12

$

"< @)

A

$

&5S &)*+ H

=% ) ;

$

&B22 3

4

$

T @(0

%

# <

,

#

$

>BB> G$CDE

%

0

! J !%<

$

!

,

%#

(

K #

(

%<

(

,< U $<

LLD

$

$ < %$

F

$

U$<.V

! J #=

$

8 6

K C

&

$7

'$

H

I ( * ; 6

&=

34$:%&

&

>'&> H "#CD

E

%

0

)

>BB> $

<=*+WL

$

=) @(0

%

'

%$ F F./X9

*:6O;9 !

!PPP

$

%<<%

!

""

$

"=

"

!<$ )#!

$

= @)

A

$

0( G!# :; % &TU

H N );

$

&'"B

$

8:Y5SG-"#

97 ; <

%

"

,

# F

V9

,

"

,

= F

&

./0V9W 8

65

'

! J#"

$

!< LLD "

K FD$:

$

./0

=> = F

! J ##

$

8 6

K C

&

H7

'$

H

I(*;&=

&

! J%=

'

34$:%&

&

>&> H "#

0

,<

CD E

%

0

$

XY

$

/ 0 D E

>BB>

$

Z#!

)#[ E@0Y

'

6)

$

"#9

7;< !<$ F

J

U78S?C5 !

%<<"

!

"P

"

,< )12

$

! @)A

$

&)*+

&

&B22 34

'$

@(0

%

#<

,

N

$

>?0

%

1@(0

%

"#< DD EI

$

>BB>#

!< CD E

%

0

$

>&0>"

!$ DD EI

'

! J %<

$

!< LLD

$

K \0C4IWY

J$N$:

! J %<

$

J 8

K 6C

$

J&=

34$:%& 6)

$

(2Z 1

]F+ P! F

6^%HI

_`

#

8a

>>Y

&

,

0

N)

;

'$

B2F0

$

1,L-.

bc/

$

&

d2%HI

Page 5: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!"'!!!

./

$!

!"

#!$"

%#$

!"# %&! '&%&!

!"('!

"$#)*+

,-(

#*+

"$.)

%&'()!* #

+,,-

!

./

"

0+ %$!

#

. /*0

#

1234

$

5(#

+

$6%#

+

"

+,, ** 78

#

+',

-#0, 9*7

+

#

#

6%#

+

#,

,

: ./#.+ 1*

%

! ; ++

#

!"# < $

= %&

$

! ; ..

%

(>?

= !"# < 55@

$

! ;

= ..

%#

:AA* ./

./ 1 *

#

2 0

.AA* ./ + 1*

! ; ., # 55@

= ./ +, 1*

#

20$%& B

1*

&

312

4

#

3'3

45 5 6 A7

C -

,

+ #$#

)!"

$

D@ :

0

.,*E$F8

#

5(G#

+

C:, ** 78

%

+B 1* 55@

HI>?!> #

.JJJ

!

0B

"

/, %7#

#

B0 *0

#

!"# 89(: 1H%

$

&

)" ;

#

! " ( '

./

0

JK 1 *

#

5(#

+

$

6%#

+

L .K: ** 78

#

5MM5 C :9*7

+

#

#

N15

C., 9* 7

+

#

#

-<*

=>'?*=!"(

'

#

%

C

M @A .

C

+ B

+

C

.

%

! ; J0

#

.

0

B,

= AA*

#

,CDE

4 ? B 0, F

#

67 !"# 4?

'

J AA*

#

!"# 6

7F!

'

J F

! ; /-

#

3 '

= &4

#

GH(

%*'3

$

! ;

= K

%

I ) * J K

+8

J, F 3

NO)P(#

+,,.

!

+J

"

.B %7#

#

. /*0

#

1234":F

#

&&";

#

5(#

+

$6%#

+

L+,, **78

#

51#5 L./ 9*7

+

#

#

5MM5#/ 9*7

+

#

! ; /

#

LF'8

= . / B F

$

:

(

.,

(

+, AA* L

0, M9

%#

N.

, + 5(#

+

$6%#

+

B:;F

#

!"#

, < 5(#

+

$6%#

+

C +,, ** 78 Q>

6%#

+

L ,

,

:

&

!"#

67F!

'

/ F

#

: +

0

B FO-

!89PQ !"#

:

0

., AA*

! ; K

#

3'&

= 4

#

3'3

)*#, R. 3

$

55@ S

PQ

%

N!9)(OE #

.JJ/

!

0/

"

B, %7#$$!

#

.

/*0

(

1234

#

1MGG

#$

#

/= 5(#

+

$6%#

+

L .:, ** 78 T 6%#

+

C ,

,

/ .+ 1*U>>

,

,

K: ./#+B 1*

! ; +,

#

!"# ?

= @L K 1*

$

:

(

.,

(

.:

(

+, AA*

%

. / +B 1 *

#

20AB)*?

@

#

4 5 -+ 1

*(301)*

VW

&

67 !"#

4?

'

.0 AA*

! ; +,

#

3 '

= &4

#

GH(

%*'3

$

! ;

= J

%

!"XY*R

0ZC+)[

2

#

\] 5MM5

./ -+ 1*

R. 3

Page 6: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

""!!!!

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

./

$

!"

#!$"

%#$

!"# %&! '&%&!

!"('!

"$#)*+

,-(

#*+

"$.)

%&'( #

)**+

!

,-

"

)+ %/#

#

, 0*1

#

./01

$

.233 #$

%

! 4 5

#

6778

#

9 !"# 23+,4

! :

,

) 4

! 4 5

#

;/<

D

9 ) 54

#

6'

&7

#

6$-

# $ ! "

$

;/< = %'

.8 +*

0

+6

>8 ?

)

# /0

+* 1

#

@3 =

A@ 5 8B$(C

#

//)*

0

)62$9

#

%;.% " +* >8

?

)

#

#

: %&#

)

&

DE#

)

, & ;

%22%

%

): 4 <'

#

=:

> %%@

%&FGH #

,---

!

+*

"

)*+ %/#

#

)+ 0*

1

#

I ,6 ?

#

./01

$

.233 #$$ <J''&F

&3459

'

)K @*

6 )

0

+ 9

%

! 4 -:

#

,*778

9 (7,&8A$

%22%

#

!"# 23

*)!4!B 6

4

#

CD23'

$$- ! 4,)

! 4 ,*6

#

'&

9 7

$

!'

%#

C

D23'$$

-

$

! 4,-

%

<E)9('

! "

$

: ;

'

&* ( ! "

#

%%@

#

@ < '

F

#

%.%

#

%;.%

%

-* 4 <'

1>LMGNGB #

,--O

!

+6

"

! 4 ,-

#

/#

#

,O 0

9 *1

#

./01" )K @

*

#

%&#)$D!#

)

P )**

#

%22% 5

0

,*>8?

)

#

#

%.#% ,* Q ,:>8?

)

#

#

=+ R >G"H

! 4 -

#

,*778

9 !"# /0 ,O @

*

#

+, !"# 2

34!B K

,

5 4

! 4 ,*

#

' &

9 7

$

!'

%#

$

-B !"#

$

,

I 6 :

%

<E)9('

!"

(

;?2

3J ,O @ *

@ %&#

)

$D!#

)

P

,**

#

-/ !"#

KL,MAB

)-!

<' <'

A&FBS'#

)**K

#

)**5

!

+,

#

+5

"

! 4 +*

#

/#

#

, 0*

9 1

#

./01

#

<J''&F

&3459#)

,

6

! 4 ,-)

#

6778

9 (7,&8A$

%22% K ( 7 2

3C%

$

): 4

%

! 4 ,-+

#

'&

9 7

$

!'

%#

(

7 2 3 C %

$

): 4

%

N O

$-

#$!"

$

,

@ DE#

)

#

,&

%22%

#

%;.%

"+6 >8 ?

)

#

%

, ? %%@

$

!"#

'%

A'SH>F #

,--:

!

+)

"

! 4 ,6

#

7FD

9 E

$

)

,

6

&

6

&

,*

&

)*

&

+*

&

K*778

5 ,* 9 F

%#

!"# +,234

!B : 4

#

+,

7FB 6

,

+778

! 4 ,6

#

6 '

9 &7

#

6$-

#$!"

$

A@

'

,*8B$(C

#

%&3#

)

"+6

0

K6 88?C

#

%22%",6 >8?

)

#

#

%&#

)

I:6 88?C

%

+* 4 'D23O

< E ; !

"

#

=:>

%%@

""

P

'

.TU 4QRS'

)

.233 4T&'&G)

)

.;E 4(U&34

)

./01 4(UAB#$)A!

)

23<# 4 VHI&

)

D!#

)

4 B"8'J

W

)

?D#@ 4.K%&('

)

E

C

2 4BAX

)

E3V 4L/MYN

)

!"# 4O8Z!B"

)

;/< 4&*(!"

)

<.% 4+,QR.

)

8B$(C 4'05

()VL

)

<%.% 4+,&QR.

)

! 4!F

)

"# 4O8Z!

)

#E 48AP!

)

%&3#

)

4QRQ8Z19.

)

%&#

)

4QR89.

)

%.#% 4&QR

9 RS.

)

%.% 4'[*.

)

%3 4.82\('

)

%22% 4A'3T.

)

%$DX 4 %&#

)

$D!#

)

)

778 4]*9^O

)

%;.% 4'[++.

)

%%@ 4,4)

)9('

)

%@/ 4&S_U8

)

// 4ABKV

)

10 4#$W

)

A@ 4<'F

)

@3 4*F2\('

Page 7: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!"(!!!

!"# !"#$%&' $% &#( % !

!

"# & )

"

$!#$! $% &#( ' *

"

% !+,%-.!/0

&'

#

(

!

()

/

('

!

(*

$

!

' !-.()

#

((

$

"

+ !+,-.*1

234 !"#

#

"# ') ",5#

%

--.

&'

"# * /

')--.

$

#

'+

/

'0

!

$+

!

()

/

('

!

((

!

(*

!

(0

$

!

* !+,-.+,16.

47823

#

$&

!

$0

!

($

!

(%

!

(+

$

!

' !-."9234 !"#

#

(

$

"

: $ !+,$%-; !"# !":.<=

#

$&

!

(%

$

"

.

"!

$>0&+,%/01,?!0'@"2AB4$#3

C

(

D045E-.

EFG

F$6$

!

78G<HI

" H

A

.

9&J

' H*+.

1,?!/0

' IJ.

!K

E

' K-L.KM94N7-LMN9)ON7

%LMN

O * !+,%

!

P30&'Q=&&'8L:%

';/RN'

!

< !"# 6/S(!"T=4)#$

!"U

#

()

!

((

/

(*

!

(+

$

"

1!+,%V(W'>:Q=O

$% &#?#R* !"# !"

#

$+

$

"

XY$Z[\@)%

T]4@"2

"

!"# ^A+,_`4%B&a

#

(*

$

!

b&C8.a#$'(c3

#

'+

!

((

!

(+

$

!

bdO+DC

8)e)EF)*f$'(c3

#

(

!

$&

!

$+

/

()

!

(%

!

(+

$

"

g#

G.+g!"H,I--.

#

'0

$

)

e./J

#

'+

!

('

!

(0

$

h

i-./&&jK

#

(

$

"

* !00+,

#

'+

/

'0

!

$&

!

($

!

(0

$

hi ' !*0+,&&

C8L:R*>Lk)+,

#

(*

$

!

( !00+,'&

MN

#

(

!

('

!

((

$

"

%&

/0123456789:3;<

#

=>?

@

$

% !+,8O/11l8

%

P- $

!

Q22RA

m- $

!

122-

(

,,3!456738879:.,;;,;$$)

&

#

(

!

()

/

('

!

((

$

"

&

!+,S-.W3

#

(

!

$&

!

$0

/

('

!

((

/

(%

$

!

$>R3`n2

W

#

(

!

()

/

('

!

((

/

(*

!

(0

$

"

* !RNd*0

#

(

!

()

/

('

!

((

!

(*

$

"

T $

!+,=o/#Un@"2$!

#

(*

/

(<

$

!

415+,

p4V$!#$

%

3 '

&"

(!+,6W =>> WXbd

6W56 =>> WX4RA

#

(

!

()

/

($

!

(%

!

(0

$

"

< !7WbU

8K)786Wq7

#

(

!

$&

!

$0

!

('

!

(%

!

(+

$

!

' !r9Yq9

s:

#

'+

/

'0

$

!

o/RNp*:tK

"

& !:Zu3[

\

#

(

!

$&

!

$0

/

('

!

(%

!

(+

/

(0

$

!

4v: $ !w'0;+,<*x

]J^9_`;ZuGa4[\

#

('

!

(%

$

"

y5+,%

: ' !

#

(%

$

K'0'z

%

%*? 4Zu3

&

{RN<1

!

2=1!

#

('

$

4Zu3v:C[4 &*?

!

=tVb

"

3+3/"#W;6|p}411

%

P- (

!

Q22

RAm- ( 122-

(

,,3!456738879:.,;;,;$$'

&"

'&

ABC9DEF

'% !+,%

!

7~$!+,RA6| !"# !"

0@"24ABp�[��O

"

!"# ' <<) @%@"

$<* @

%

%)

,

$?

&!

0 & ' *0) @ % @ " $$+ @

%

(+

,

<?

&%

@@ '

,

)<

!

0*? A= )

,

0(

0

'

,

$$

'

=

$

B )?

!

3 $

&"

$+ )@"2WXx|

!

!"# !"'@"2/

(<?

%

$)+,*&+

&!

0&'/ ($

,

&?

%

'<*,*)%

& %

@@

'

,

'$

!

0*? A= )

,

0* / '

,

('

'

=

$

B )?

!

3 (

&"

+ !+

,%!"#$4%.R<� ' !

#

(

!

'0

!

$&

!

$0

!

('

/

($

!

(%

!

(0

$

"

XY�:=3_`�8 !"# >'0Vg23_`�

l

!

t/�:cAdb:?@�O

!

"R+,��

VG.7823{dG.2358LU

"

(&

GH=>IJ

!"# 0'>>)Ri>Lk)#$�p?�

%

d

Page 8: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

")!!!!

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

.

%!

!"#$!!"#$%$&%'!"$&()*

!PM+

A

6Q8+

A

"

+"!'

()*,-

EFG

."+/

#

,01234

$ H

A

.

-!5

% 8*+.

#$!!!"

% IJ.

#6(

!

"$

"#$ "# !% 789 &' 78 ()$

!

*+"$

!

:;.$

%

&

,

#

!&

#

,%

#

,&

'

#

&<= %- 789 .! 78>?/@*-

!

0 !

"$

"#$ AB1= !% 78

(

.! 789 &' 78+ $/

2;CD

#

&= %- 78'(EF

!

' ,

#

0 !

"$

!

3

#

"#$ 1+)45!G"6:78D

!

00 1

,

!2

#

&34 5/ 1

,

13

0

1

,

.&

#

/

!

6 1

"

&

!.

#

,%

'

$

! #HI;J

#

"#$ " 78/ >$%

$

()$$%%=9*+: 2 K

:7EL

&

,

#

2&

#

!-

/

!&

#

,&

'

#

&);+: !

(

,

(

% K>*M

!

0 !

"$

)&

/012

7:HI)N<O+#P%&=&(

$

% > "#$

1QR

#

, >"?1QR+#P%&=,S 9 34

$

: - #HI

&

,

#

2-

#

!.

#

!&

/

,2

#

,,

#

,&

'

TUO2-@$!!+V

WAB

#

&X: 2 #HI

&

,2

'

AB02$!-!&(

YZ

%

7:QR!" "#$ &([ -1::;

$

% #HIA

B02

#

"#$ YZ.C'+(D

!

002

,

3&

#

&34 5/

2

,

.

0

!

,

2'

%

/

!

6 14

#

' %

"$

/\,-VL+&]

#

>E 0/+8< .FYZGH+:15

#

&^_`aI

bW#.C'+"J

!

KL %

#

)0ABcL %

#

=>>:

)

**?"@ABC?DDCEF;*77*7!!!

"$

MdNe6f++

HI;OP125&Qgh$iRj+GH

#

3J

kb:'12<Sl4=+

!

00 2

,

.&

#

&34 5/

2

,

2' G !

,

..

%

/

!

6 14

"$

m:noE*T2+5UT

U

#

&gp:VW?/@qX

$

f;

#

rP+Ne

6gp:2;YZ

&

,

#

!&

/

,1

#

,%

#

,-

'

$

*&

3456789:

#

;<9:=>?@A

BC

:##HI"6Y$G"

&

ABZ&

!

H/II

"'

+

ABOPOTU

#

>?/@qX+:+1H

&

,2

'

$

#

#HI"e[!S

&

,'

'

OPOZs

#

p:;.*-

$

,:##HI\,tu1+*

(

-v8/9 /5J #

.8/wx+AB

$

p:]B;J "#$ AB.y/

$-v8/y9 /5J #.8/

#

AB%-Vz

#

"#$

1[ K %-

R

311

#

"?1[ K %.

R

-11

!

! 61

,

-

"

&

,'

'

$

+&

DEFG

[O{|}R^M"# 214 00 8D6

!

00

LMNOE>"F@

#

000

"

+70

#

^__~ %'.& 18'R�

3`23+"9S

$

l:a,08'+

(

p:;"

+�>A,:k�Ab+ !'4

!

' 3

"$

= "#$ "#

�&6��+'(&Qc

#

D45(D+HI�r

+AB1H

#

00 YZ6

!

00/

"

[ ,

,

-34

$

�#AB

1H+D45-!5dR;+"9Ser_~ ,'21.

18'R

$

��

#

l:a^_X:7_"9S+

,4

#

�T%}`a#� ,

,

-34+ 00/ }R�&6+

000

$

E�

#

" !% 78 ()$

!

*+"$

!

*+ HI7 ;J

#

"#$ "#$�+$%�:?/@qX

#

�[ P fg

;�OHI<=h<+&"

$

Page 9: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!"*!!!

.

"!

!"!"#$

!

#$ !"# "!%&%&#'!()"#*+,'!-./

#$%&'() '* +$,-*'$.

"'/ '0 %*!12+

"

.1%!)3%+

#

4%1%!+%!&12 ()%5'6

""

700)&% )+%!(1%) 8 9

:

""

;'*%12!%<

"

2'3-)+% 0'22'=

-

$.

#

>?

"

>:@A

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

AJ$

A

,

GK L>

,

::

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

:M LKA 61<+

#

G

"

>AM:

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

>:$

A

,

G@ L>

,

K>

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

.1)6!1%*!& +$,-*'$.

#

K

"

>J:

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

A

,

GN$

A

,

JN L>

,

KM

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

16$2% +$,-*'$.

#

>>

"

>AMM

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

AM$

A

,

GK L>

,

:@

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

'32< O7II &*!%)*!1 %*!12+

#

>>

"

MJ?

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

AM$

A

,

GK L>

,

:@

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

1,+%*1&%+ )F&2$6)6

#

>:

"

>A:M

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

AJ$

A

,

G> L>

,

:?

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

45'*%)* %513 ()6!13 6$*1%!'3 '0 !"#

#

J

"

?:?

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

A@$

A

,

MJ L>

,

:M

%

E 9

:

.

A

;'*%12!%<

"

2'3-)* %513 ()6!13 6$*1%!'3 '0 !"#

#

M

"

M:J

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

AN$

A

,

GA L>

,

:G

%

E 9

:

.

A

P2))6!3- )Q)3%+ @

"

J>?

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

A

,

MM$

A

,

?K L>

,

NG

%

E 9

:

.

A

B)312 !(.1!*()3% ?

"

G?@

#

B!+C *1%!'

"

;

-

DE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>

,

@G$

>

,

>N L:

,

>J

%

E 9

:

.

A

R1#

:

ST9#

:

$. %' :? 5'$*+

>>

"

J>?

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE *136'(E G@H I9

#

>@

,

G>$

M

,

:@ L:K

,

@J

%

E 9

:

.

:@H

R1#

:

ST9#

:

$. %' ?M 5'$*+

@

"

?>J

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE *136'(E G@H I9

#

M

,

J@$ /

:

,

MA L:A

,

>>

%

E 9

:

.

KNH

R1#

:

ST9#

:

$. %' N: 5'$*+

@

"

?@A

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

J

,

MM$ /

K

,

G> L>N

,

JM

%

E 9

:

.

A

R1#

:

ST9#

:

$. %' GJ 5'$*+

?

"

KK?

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

#

>?

,

@>$

K

,

J? L:@

,

KM

%

E 9

:

.

A

U)3%!21%'* 0*)) 61<+

"

:M LKA 61<+

#

@

"

MA?

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

A

,

@N$ /

>

,

M: LA

,

JG

%

E 9

:

.

A

V$*1%!'3 '0 ()&513!&12 Q)3%!21%!'3

"

61<+

#

J

"

KGA

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE B136'(E G@H I9

#

>

,

A:$ /

:

,

AM L?

,

>:

%

E 9

:

.

NJH

#F<-)31%!'3 !36)F :? 5'$*+ ?

"

K>N

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

:

,

K>$ /

:

,

N? L>

,

MG

%

E 9

:

.

A

#F<-)31%!'3 !36)F ?M 5'$*+ :

"

>MK

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE B136'(E G@H I9

#

>

,

GG$ /

>A

,

?A L>?

,

KM

%

E 9

:

.

N?H

#F<-)31%!'3 !36)F N: 5'$*+ :

"

:?@

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

K

,

?M$ /

J

,

MA LA

,

>@

%

E 9

:

.

A

;ROR $. %' :? 5'$*+ @

"

:A@

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

>

,

NJ$ /

K

,

?> LA

,

>:

%

E 9

:

.

>H

;ROR $. %' ?M 5'$*+ K

"

>JN

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

>

,

KG$ /

K

,

?K LA

,

J@

%

E 9

:

.

A

;ROR $. %' N: 5'$*+ :

"

>>>

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

>

,

G:$ /

?

,

KJ LA

,

@:

%

E 9

:

.

A

;ROR $. %' GJ 5'$*+ K

"

>KA

#

;)13 6!00)*)3&)

"

9UE 0!F)6E G@H I9

# /

>

,

N?$ /

K

,

NN LA

,

KA

%

E 9

:

.

A

""

0

&

;

-

D W;13%)2

-

D1)3+X)2

'

I9 W1"(2

'

9U W#3)

'

;ROR W*+$45,

'

R1#

:

ST!#

:

W%6-.

'

9

:

W/%%78

,&

/0

-./01

12034

0123

!

$.9:4%;<=5/-&'(

6

!

>7?@9:89-%A:&

(

!! YBOV7 3

BC

!

?@-;&D

!

"<-.9%AE&'=>

'

"

O..)36!F @

!

? 4$..2)()3%12 V!-!%12I'3%)3% @

!

5%%.

&

SS2!3C+/2==/&'(SOOSO::K

#(

5

!!

6

;F@GH >? )9:A >KAK B OZ9 * OBV4(

)-IJ(">

!

?@C) !"# "DEKL*+

(

"HM#F-NGOPQR,"S2KL)/

(

TU

!

!"' VWX-'!-H6%

(

;$.- :? =

YI%6Z/L%#[*+

(

)L-.9OP !"#

0&L*

!

\]^DJ1_J

!

`aK2+H3E

!"# DL,-

(

5,"S2L9bcY2

)

QRd

e

"

fd*='

#

$gch

!

ijJMC1-ON%

)/

(

K )'--9:

"

>J: B()

#

Q.k8O !"#

"H'- OZ9 * OBV4L*l)L,

(

("QRmn

)

$PQ'!-1)%

)

+R%

Page 10: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

(+!!!!

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

.

'!

!!""!##$%&'$!"!"(%&'"")

.

(!

*()*#$%&'$!

!8*+"

"+!+%&'!###,,

!4S8M7)NTUN948M7M9M7V)8)# (W@"

Page 11: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!(#!!!

!!

.

)!

!!"#"#

*+

$%&'

P6Q

(

!

)*$!+

"

,!!-%

#

&.,/!"'#0$()12

!AAX2

*

"

3"+

YB,EB

,,

-.4/

#

05671#,

2YB

*$%)12"82,

Z

3

!

%9:;#,453&

"

&05

AAX2

*/!"6<0$($%)12,&

3

!

%$789,&3

"

='>":

P6Q

(3?('

YF??L[

,/!"(;@#

#

-%0<"#

*+

A)*=B;C,>?!D@EF

A

$

+$3A$(G3B,"8>?,%&-%'CH

!Z

3-IJ&3

"# Z.Y,E2

&

Z./Y,E2

K&L,305=M,D@END

0>2

$

O). !!"

,

"#

!

(E

"

2FGPQ!"FGHI,/J&*0R-%ST

!ND,D@E.'

#

UV,%CW+BM-%0

<AXYK1Z,,L;[MA\2

$

]^=B

$

T!N?0<_`

%

2&`&-O`3GaP=b

'(8

!

Qc.4de $%& RR/I '"(()

"

,L;

\f

#

"#&S01

$

CTU *+, g>

%

2hg>

PQUV34="&S,ijSWVW

#

ka67

(A))56,>?

$

5lmY6MGX7Y7Z

,>?

#

8n!N?N5 $%& J)*!*o0=B%[

)*

$

5p4qr9AV\:;

$

[sAqrK=

B]5tWu

$

=B^2ov_'

$

HZw$%[

,5*A<>89K3P80,7=054W3P

`a,>2>?

$

[HxyJ>?,z+0

#

+d+:,w$%[9A

$

=B]b{|3V

}0C>;

$

67cW1\?3?&5@_>+:

,34dA

#

HZ

$

B<qr.#O)w$,<e

C

$

*C -./0 ~a,=��

%

�fg2�h�g

Page 12: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

($!!!!

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!"

!

!"

"

!"!!""#$#"

!

!#

"

#

$##!%&

$%&''%(&'"

$

#())*+$*,!"+,

*#%$-

%

-..'%/0/01%12

#

&3

23442(56!"56-&7789:;'!

$<89=(':

#

>?

%

#"@(3;ABCD

<: ()* =3),=&E2F

%

>?G@>.AB

()* BCE%'&..H(I5

#

)* CDJ!C"#3#EF(KLE)

%

H*

MN+,-

#

OPQ&.6RSG/T*+(#Q

U&,

%

#">-#=H(Q7OP

%

P9#"

/

Q7VI.J&P9W&

#

PXYZ[$/\ )* "

;"*K%]+..'%?0

%

&'^ )* CD..

()_

#

&%(123`3L(4!Eab*

%

G

c&%(12>(B#0.12

$

#EFde

%

f

gJ% $%&'"&35M(h1(i:G@(NO

#

)* g6QU2,j(9=J7G8

%

J6k)0.

HJ)I5

#

)* ]`(l-..#?1lP9A

$

5M`+:

$

&)$ 3mnQ(0.

%

'%'*6

EF

#

$&

./01

;*3opRAq

%

We.((AS(BCD

)* JrsKLH)

%

aJTUjOPc +

,

,-.

#

)

V

%

tH-4(<=6u>Wv(BCw0

%

XY

=x8T/0*?..(BCw0

#

"&

234567

yzZ5^+%{?!"

%

[\^|}12

$

]712

%

X/%^ /%$&0 ps56

#

yz(/+

3J;+-^~_%HAS$63`6(@,

#

a

b./0c`56(TUj�=,7\JAc(8

9+,[\

%

BU�CAc(89..E�dDE

q:;

#

yzF|^aH(IL

%

�He#��^

GH&4f^+eI<=

#

yz(J5pR~_@

,

%

Gx5`/0,7\g(K-BCw0

%

c(

Z><H`S��

#

PXe#=>/0l6�yz

hi(,L3jLkM>e%

#

yzE�-#Ac

(/0(3oD<

%

Gr9E�lAc(89(/

033oNm(W�/0+,V�

#

�-LD)(/0/0^e*�?

%

Ogyz

�@_

%

$8(/0n%^><��

$

KL

$

..

3BCD<

%

/0pR/0(.(*..R~_$

A

#

��

%

aH3oD=('*#EFKL-Ha

�(1PQR

%

a!�`+�('j>�S

%

yz

>cB2/(/0pRlR3x(4!+?(T2

�i3I5

#

8

!!

9

yz(/0c%

%

tH-4(ASopCD )*

J $%&'3 $12 KLH)

%

9tHc%�-L3;

�=>WqD)H}m��i(/0

%

C(BCD

)* .412&%

%

�$e/+XHUD0

#

CD

)* ROP6h1(EU

#

yz>c )* CD��I

c=>]7/0(eVp

#

+eI(/0�W9\

Jab=>/X(/0

#

!

!"#

"

$

"

%

"

&

"

'()

"

*

"

!

+,-.

"

/

"

0

"

1

"

2

"

:

!

;

!

'

!

<

Page 13: 0%123456 ./789:;?@A3Bjournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Documents... · !"#$%&’()*+,-./0%123456./789:;?@a3b!"#$% !&$%#"’! ()* !! "+,$-," ."/0! ()! 1%)!!22

!

!"#$%

"

&'(

!"#$%

)

"

*

!

+,-

!(%!!!